1
ὁ ἀγαπῶν παιδείαν ἀγαπᾷ αἴσθησιν ὁ δὲ μισῶν ἐλέγχους ἄφρων
Whoever loves discipline loves understanding, but the one who hates reproof is senseless.
The proverb equates teachability with genuine perception and treats resistance to correction as folly.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαπῶνloveV3 · παπνσμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανdisciplineN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'loves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἴσθησινsenseN3I ASF · αἴσθησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴσθησις: meaning 'sense'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μισῶνhatingV2 · παπνσμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ μισέω: meaning 'hating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλέγχουςreproofsN2 APM · ἔλεγχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεγχος: meaning 'reproofs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
κρείσσων ὁ εὑρὼν χάριν παρὰ κυρίῳ ἀνὴρ δὲ παράνομος παρασιωπηθήσεται
Better is the man who has found favor from the Lord, but a lawless man shall be passed over in silence.
Divine favor, not self-assertion, marks the truly better person, while the lawless fade under judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρὼνfindVB · ααπνσμ εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ εὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρὰfrom / withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίῳthe LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράνομοςlawlessA1B NSM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρασιωπηθήσεταιshall be passed over in silenceVC FPI3S · σιωπάω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσιωπάω + παρα: meaning 'shall be passed over in silence'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
οὐ κατορθώσει ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἀνόμου αἱ δὲ ῥίζαι τῶν δικαίων οὐκ ἐξαρθήσονται
A man will not prosper by lawlessness, but the roots of the righteous shall not be uprooted.
Durability belongs to righteousness; wickedness cannot give lasting footing.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατορθώσειwill prosperVF FAI3S · ὀρθόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀρθόω + κατα: meaning 'will prosper'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςa manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'a man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνόμουlawlessA1B GSM · ἄνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥίζαιrootsN1S NPF · ῥίζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥίζα: meaning 'roots'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίωνrighteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρθήσονταιshall be taken awayVC FPI3P · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be taken away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
γυνὴ ἀνδρεία στέφανος τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς ὥσπερ δὲ ἐν ξύλῳ σκώληξ οὕτως ἄνδρα ἀπόλλυσιν γυνὴ κακοποιός
A courageous wife is a crown to her husband, but like a worm in wood so a wicked wife destroys a man.
Domestic virtue is pictured as public honor, while corruption within the household works inward ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρείαcourageousA1A NSF · ἀνδρεῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'courageous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στέφανοςcrownN2 NSM · στέφανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστέφανος: meaning 'crown'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὶhusbandN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'husband'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ξύλῳwoodN2N DSN · ξύλονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceξύλον: meaning 'wood'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σκώληξwormN3K NSM · σκώληξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκώληξ: meaning 'worm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπόλλυσινdestroysV5 PAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroys'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κακοποιόςdoing evilA1B NSF · κακοποιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακοποιός: meaning 'doing evil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
5
λογισμοὶ δικαίων κρίματα κυβερνῶσιν δὲ ἀσεβεῖς δόλους
The thoughts of the righteous are judgments, but the ungodly guide deceits.
The inner deliberations of the righteous aim at justice, whereas the wicked instinctively scheme deceit.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
λογισμοὶreasonN2 NPM · λογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλογισμός: meaning 'reason'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίωνrighteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρίματαjudgmentsN3M NPN · κρίμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυβερνῶσινguideV3 PAI3P · κυβερνάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυβερνάω: meaning 'guide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H APM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δόλουςdeceitsN2 APM · δόλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόλος: meaning 'deceits'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
λόγοι ἀσεβῶν δόλιοι στόμα δὲ ὀρθῶν ῥύσεται αὐτούς
The words of the ungodly are deceitful, but the mouth of the upright will rescue them.
Speech becomes either a weapon of ambush or an instrument of deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
λόγοιwordsN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δόλιοιdeceitfulA1A NPM · δόλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλιος: meaning 'deceitful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθῶνuprightA1 GPM · ὀρθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀρθός: meaning 'upright'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ῥύσεταιwill rescueVF FMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥύομαι: meaning 'will rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
οὗ ἐὰν στραφῇ ἀσεβὴς ἀφανίζεται οἶκοι δὲ δικαίων παραμένουσιν
Wherever the ungodly turn, they vanish, but the houses of the righteous remain.
The fate of the wicked is instability and disappearance, while the righteous household endures.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στραφῇturns asideVD APS3S · στρέφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστρέφω: meaning 'turns aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφανίζεταιvanishesV1 PMI3S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'vanishes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶκοιhousesN2 NPM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίωνrighteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παραμένουσινremainV1 PAI3P · μένω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω + παρα: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
στόμα συνετοῦ ἐγκωμιάζεται ὑπὸ ἀνδρός νωθροκάρδιος δὲ μυκτηρίζεται
The mouth of a prudent man is praised by others, but the sluggish-hearted man is mocked.
Sound judgment earns praise, but dull-heartedness invites contempt.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνετοῦprudentA1 GSM · συνετόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυνετός: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγκωμιάζεταιis praisedV1 PMI3S · κωμιάζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκωμιάζω + ἐν: meaning 'is praised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νωθροκάρδιοςsluggish-heartedA1B NSM · νωθροκάρδιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνωθροκάρδιος: meaning 'sluggish-hearted'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μυκτηρίζεταιis mockedV1 PPI3S · μυκτηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμυκτηρίζω: meaning 'is mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
κρείσσων ἀνὴρ ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ δουλεύων ἑαυτῷ ἢ τιμὴν ἑαυτῷ περιτιθεὶς καὶ προσδεόμενος ἄρτου
Better is a man in dishonor serving himself than one who puts honor on himself and lacks bread.
Modest self-sufficiency is preferable to pretended honor that masks need.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀτιμίᾳἀτιμίαN1A DSF · ἀτιμίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀτιμία: meaning 'ἀτιμία'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δουλεύωνservingV1 · παπνσμ δουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δουλεύω: meaning 'serving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'for himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἢthanC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'than'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιμὴνhonorN1 ASF · τιμήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτιμή: meaning 'honor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'for himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περιτιθεὶςputting around himselfV7 · παπνσμ τίθημι + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τίθημι + περι: meaning 'putting around himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσδεόμενοςlackingV2 · πμπνσμ δέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ δέω + προς: meaning 'lacking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄρτουbreadN2 GSM · ἄρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
10
δίκαιος οἰκτίρει ψυχὰς κτηνῶν αὐτοῦ τὰ δὲ σπλάγχνα τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἀνελεήμονα
A righteous man has compassion on the lives of his beasts, but the inward parts of the ungodly are merciless.
Righteousness shows itself even in treatment of animals, while the wicked corrupt compassion itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἰκτίρειhas compassion onV1 PAI3S · οἰκτείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκτείρω: meaning 'has compassion on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχὰςlivesN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'lives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κτηνῶνof beastsN3E GPN · κτῆνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'of beasts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπλάγχναcompassionsN2N NPN · σπλάγχνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσπλάγχνον: meaning 'compassions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνελεήμοναmercilessA3N NPN · ἀνελεήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνελεήμων: meaning 'merciless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
ὁ ἐργαζόμενος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γῆν ἐμπλησθήσεται ἄρτων οἱ δὲ διώκοντες μάταια ἐνδεεῖς φρενῶν ὅς ἐστιν ἡδὺς ἐν οἴνων διατριβαῖς ἐν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ὀχυρώμασιν καταλείψει ἀτιμίαν
The one who works his own land shall be filled with breads, but those who pursue vain things are lacking in sense; the one who delights in wine-pastimes will leave dishonor in his own strongholds.
Steady labor nourishes, but vanity and indulgence leave shame and emptiness behind.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργαζόμενοςworkingV1 · πμπνσμ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'working'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμπλησθήσεταιshall be filledVS FPI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'shall be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄρτωνwith breadN2 GPM · ἄρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'with bread'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διώκοντεςpursuingV1 · παπνπμ διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ διώκω: meaning 'pursuing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάταιαvain thingsA1A APN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάταιος: meaning 'vain things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνδεεῖςneedyA3H NPM · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'needy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρενῶνunderstandingN3 GPF · φρήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρήν: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡδὺςpleasantA3U NSM · ἡδύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡδύς: meaning 'pleasant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴνωνwineN2 GPM · οἶνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διατριβαῖςpastimesN1 DPF · διατριβήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιατριβή: meaning 'pastimes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀχυρώμασινstrongholdsN3M DPN · ὀχύρωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀχύρωμα: meaning 'strongholds'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καταλείψειwill leaveVF FAI3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + κατα: meaning 'will leave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀτιμίανdishonorN1A ASF · ἀτιμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
ἐπιθυμίαι ἀσεβῶν κακαί αἱ δὲ ῥίζαι τῶν εὐσεβῶν ἐν ὀχυρώμασιν
The desires of the ungodly are evil, but the roots of the godly are in strongholds.
The wicked crave what is evil, but the godly are rooted and fortified.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐπιθυμίαιdesireN1A NPF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κακαίevilA1 NPF · κακόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥίζαιrootsN1S NPF · ῥίζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥίζα: meaning 'roots'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐσεβῶνgodlyA3H GPM · εὐσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσεβής: meaning 'godly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀχυρώμασινstrongholdsN3M DPN · ὀχύρωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀχύρωμα: meaning 'strongholds'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
13
δι' ἁμαρτίαν χειλέων ἐμπίπτει εἰς παγίδας ἁμαρτωλός ἐκφεύγει δὲ ἐξ αὐτῶν δίκαιος ὁ βλέπων λεῖα ἐλεηθήσεται ὁ δὲ συναντῶν ἐν πύλαις ἐκθλίψει ψυχάς
Because of the sin of lips a sinner falls into snares, but the righteous escapes from them; the one who sees spoils shall receive mercy, but the one who meets lives in the gates will oppress them.
Sinful speech traps the sinner, while righteous conduct opens a way of escape and mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
δι'through / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίανsinN1A ASF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χειλέωνof lipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'of lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐμπίπτειfalls intoV1 PAI3S · πίπτω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπίπτω + ἐν: meaning 'falls into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παγίδαςsnaresN3D APF · παγίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαγίς: meaning 'snares'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἁμαρτωλόςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκφεύγειescapesV1 PAI3S · φεύγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφεύγω + ἐκ: meaning 'escapes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βλέπωνseeingV1 · παπνσμ βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βλέπω: meaning 'seeing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λεῖαspoilsA1A APN · λεῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλεῖος: meaning 'spoils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλεηθήσεταιshow mercyVC FPI3S · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλεέω: meaning 'show mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συναντῶνmeetingV3 · παπνσμ ἀντάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀντάω + συν: meaning 'meeting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκθλίψειwill oppressVF FAI3S · θλίβω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθλίβω + ἐκ: meaning 'will oppress'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχάςlivesN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'lives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
ἀπὸ καρπῶν στόματος ψυχὴ ἀνδρὸς πλησθήσεται ἀγαθῶν ἀνταπόδομα δὲ χειλέων αὐτοῦ δοθήσεται αὐτῷ
From the fruits of the mouth the soul of a man will be filled with good things, and the repayment of his lips will be given to him.
One’s own speech returns as recompense, whether for good or for ill.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρπῶνfruitsN2 GPM · καρπόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλησθήσεταιshall be filledVS FPI3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι: meaning 'shall be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθῶνgood thingsA1 GPM · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνταπόδομαrepaymentN3M NPN · ἀνταπόδομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνταπόδομα: meaning 'repayment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χειλέωνof lipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'of lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δοθήσεταιshall be givenVC FPI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'shall be given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
ὁδοὶ ἀφρόνων ὀρθαὶ ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν εἰσακούει δὲ συμβουλίας σοφός
The ways of fools are right in their own eyes, but a wise man listens to counsel.
Folly is self-confirming, whereas wisdom makes room for outside counsel.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφρόνωνfoolishA3N GPM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀρθαὶrightA1 NPF · ὀρθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀρθός: meaning 'right'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνώπιονbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰσακούειlistens toV1 PAI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'listens to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμβουλίαςcounselN1A APF · συμβουλίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυμβουλία: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σοφόςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
ἄφρων αὐθημερὸν ἐξαγγέλλει ὀργὴν αὐτοῦ κρύπτει δὲ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀτιμίαν πανοῦργος
A fool proclaims his anger the very same day, but a shrewd man hides his own dishonor.
The fool externalizes anger immediately; prudence knows how to cover disgrace.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐθημερὸνthe same dayD · αὐθημερόνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastαὐθημερὸν: meaning 'the same day'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαγγέλλειproclaimsV1 PAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγγέλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'proclaims'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀργὴνangerN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'anger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρύπτειhidesV1 PAI3S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρύπτω: meaning 'hides'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀτιμίανdishonorN1A ASF · ἀτιμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πανοῦργοςshrewdA1B NSM · πανοῦργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπανοῦργος: meaning 'shrewd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
17
ἐπιδεικνυμένην πίστιν ἀπαγγέλλει δίκαιος ὁ δὲ μάρτυς τῶν ἀδίκων δόλιος
A righteous man declares displayed faithfulness, but the witness of the unjust is deceitful.
True testimony belongs to the righteous, but unjust witness is intrinsically deceptive.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐπιδεικνυμένηνdisplayingV5 · πμπασφ δεικνύω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ δεικνύω + ἐπι: meaning 'displaying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πίστινfaithfulnessN3I ASF · πίστιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπίστις: meaning 'faithfulness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπαγγέλλειdeclaresV1 PAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'declares'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάρτυςwitnessN3 NSM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάρτυς: meaning 'witness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδίκωνof the unjustA1B GPM · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'of the unjust'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δόλιοςdeceitfulA1A NSM · δόλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλιος: meaning 'deceitful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
18
εἰσὶν οἳ λέγοντες τιτρώσκουσιν μαχαίρᾳ γλῶσσαι δὲ σοφῶν ἰῶνται
There are those who, by speaking, wound like a sword, but the tongues of the wise heal.
Words can cut like blades or heal like medicine, depending on the speaker’s wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἰσὶνthere areV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγοντεςspeakingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιτρώσκουσινwoundV1 PAI3P · τιτρώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτιτρώσκω: meaning 'wound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαχαίρᾳwith a swordN1A DSF · μάχαιραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'with a sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γλῶσσαιtonguesN1S NPF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongues'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφῶνwiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰῶνταιhealV3 PMI3P · ἰάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἰάομαι: meaning 'heal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
χείλη ἀληθινὰ κατορθοῖ μαρτυρίαν μάρτυς δὲ ταχὺς γλῶσσαν ἔχει ἄδικον
Truthful lips set testimony straight, but a swift witness has an unjust tongue.
Truth has staying power, while false witness proves unstable and crooked.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
χείληlipsN3E APN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀληθινὰtrueA1 APN · ἀληθινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀληθινός: meaning 'true'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατορθοῖset straightV4 PAI3S · ὀρθόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὀρθόω + κατα: meaning 'set straight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαρτυρίανmarturiaN1A ASF · μαρτυρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμαρτυρία: meaning 'marturia'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μάρτυςwitnessN3 NSM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάρτυς: meaning 'witness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταχὺςswiftA3U NSM · ταχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταχύς: meaning 'swift'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλῶσσανtongueN1S ASF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχειhasV1 PAI3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'has'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄδικονunjustA1B ASF · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
δόλος ἐν καρδίᾳ τεκταινομένου κακά οἱ δὲ βουλόμενοι εἰρήνην εὐφρανθήσονται
Deceit is in the heart of the one devising evils, but those who desire peace shall rejoice.
Evil plotting breeds inner deceit, but peaceable intent brings joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δόλοςdeceitN2 NSM · δόλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλος: meaning 'deceit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τεκταινομένουdevisingV1 · πμπγσμ τεκταίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ τεκταίνω: meaning 'devising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βουλόμενοιwillingV1 · πμπνπμ βούλομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ βούλομαι: meaning 'willing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐφρανθήσονταιshall rejoiceVC FPI3P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'shall rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
οὐκ ἀρέσει τῷ δικαίῳ οὐδὲν ἄδικον οἱ δὲ ἀσεβεῖς πλησθήσονται κακῶν
Nothing unjust will please the righteous man, but the ungodly shall be filled with evils.
The righteous are not pleased by injustice, while the wicked are filled by the very evils they choose.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρέσειἀρέσωVF FAI3S · ἀρέσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀρέσω: meaning 'ἀρέσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίῳrighteousA1A DSM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐδὲνno oneA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄδικονunjustA1B NSN · ἄδικοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλησθήσονταιshall be filledVS FPI3P · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι: meaning 'shall be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακῶνwith evilsA1 GPM · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'with evils'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
22
βδέλυγμα κυρίῳ χείλη ψευδῆ ὁ δὲ ποιῶν πίστεις δεκτὸς παρ' αὐτῷ
False lips are an abomination to the Lord, but the one who does faithful things is acceptable with him.
The Lord’s moral judgment falls especially on false speech and delights in practiced fidelity.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίῳthe LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χείληlipN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lip'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψευδῆfalseA3H NPN · ψευδήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιῶνdoingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πίστειςpledgeN3I APF · πίστιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπίστις: meaning 'pledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δεκτὸςacceptableA1 NSM · δεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεκτός: meaning 'acceptable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
ἀνὴρ συνετὸς θρόνος αἰσθήσεως καρδία δὲ ἀφρόνων συναντήσεται ἀραῖς
A prudent man is a throne of perception, but the heart of fools will meet with curses.
Prudence enthrones discernment, but folly’s inner life runs toward curse and disaster.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνετὸςsynetosA1 NSM · συνετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυνετός: meaning 'synetos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θρόνοςthroneN2 NSM · θρόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἰσθήσεωςof perceptionN3I GSF · αἴσθησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἴσθησις: meaning 'of perception'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφρόνωνfoolishA3N GPM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συναντήσεταιwill meet withVF FMI3S · ἀντάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀντάω + συν: meaning 'will meet with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀραῖςcursesN1A DPF · ἀράdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀρά: meaning 'curses'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
24
χεὶρ ἐκλεκτῶν κρατήσει εὐχερῶς δόλιοι δὲ ἔσονται εἰς προνομήν
The hand of the diligent will rule easily, but the deceitful shall be given over as spoil.
Diligence tends toward mastery, while deceit ends in subjection and loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκλεκτῶνchosenA1 GPM · ἐκλεκτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρατήσειwill ruleVF FAI3S · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρατέω: meaning 'will rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐχερῶςeasilyD · εὐχερῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὐχερῶς: meaning 'easily'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόλιοιdeceitfulA1A NPM · δόλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλιος: meaning 'deceitful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιshall beVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προνομήνplunderN1 ASF · προνομήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρονομή: meaning 'plunder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
25
φοβερὸς λόγος καρδίαν ταράσσει ἀνδρὸς δικαίου ἀγγελία δὲ ἀγαθὴ εὐφραίνει αὐτόν
An anxious word troubles the heart of a righteous man, but a good message gladdens him.
A fearful report unsettles the heart, but good news restores and cheers it.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
φοβερὸςanxiousA1A NSM · φοβερόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφοβερός: meaning 'anxious'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταράσσειtroublesV1 PAI3S · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processταράσσω: meaning 'troubles'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαίουof a righteous manA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of a righteous man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀγγελίαmessageN1A NSF · ἀγγελίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγγελία: meaning 'message'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὴgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐφραίνειgladdensV1 PAI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐφραίνω: meaning 'gladdens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
26
ἐπιγνώμων δίκαιος ἑαυτοῦ φίλος ἔσται αἱ δὲ γνῶμαι τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἀνεπιεικεῖς ἁμαρτάνοντας καταδιώξεται κακά ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς τῶν ἀσεβῶν πλανήσει αὐτούς
A discerning righteous man will be his own friend, but the opinions of the ungodly are harsh; evils will pursue those who sin, and the way of the ungodly will lead them astray.
Discernment provides stable companionship to the righteous, while wicked counsel turns back on its own adherents.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐπιγνώμωνdiscerningN3N NSM · ἐπιγνώμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιγνώμων: meaning 'discerning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φίλοςfriendA1 NSM · φίλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶμαιopinionsN1 NPF · γνώμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνώμη: meaning 'opinions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνεπιεικεῖςharshA3H NPF · ἀνεπιεικήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνεπιεικής: meaning 'harsh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμαρτάνονταςthose sinningV1 · παπαπμ ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'those sinning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταδιώξεταιshall pursueVF FMI3S · διώκω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδιώκω + κατα: meaning 'shall pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδὸςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλανήσειplanaoVF FAI3S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπλανάω: meaning 'planao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
27
οὐκ ἐπιτεύξεται δόλιος θήρας κτῆμα δὲ τίμιον ἀνὴρ καθαρός
A deceitful man will not catch game, but a clean man’s possession is precious.
Deceit cannot secure durable gain, but the clean and straightforward possess something truly valuable.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιτεύξεταιwill not catchVF FMI3S · τυγχάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτυγχάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'will not catch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόλιοςdeceitfulA1A NSM · δόλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλιος: meaning 'deceitful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θήραςpreyN1A GSF · θήραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθήρα: meaning 'prey'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κτῆμαpossessionN3M ASN · κτῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκτῆμα: meaning 'possession'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίμιονpreciousA1A ASM · τίμιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτίμιος: meaning 'precious'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθαρόςcleanA1A NSM · καθαρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαθαρός: meaning 'clean'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
28
ἐν ὁδοῖς δικαιοσύνης ζωή ὁδοὶ δὲ μνησικάκων εἰς θάνατον
In the ways of righteousness is life, but the ways of resentful men lead to death.
The chapter closes by setting righteousness and resentment on opposite roads, one toward life and the other toward death.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωήlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνησικάκωνresentful menA1B GPM · μνησίκακοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμνησίκακος: meaning 'resentful men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.