1
υἱὸς πανοῦργος ὑπήκοος πατρί υἱὸς δὲ ἀνήκοος ἐν ἀπωλείᾳ
A clever son is obedient to his father, but a disobedient son is headed for ruin.
The opening proverb contrasts receptive sonship with stubborn ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πανοῦργοςshrewd / cleverA1B NSM · πανοῦργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπανοῦργος: meaning 'shrewd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπήκοοςobedientN2 NSM · ὑπήκοοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπήκοος: meaning 'obedient'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πατρίfatherN3 DSM · πατήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήκοοςdisobedientA1B NSM · ἀνήκοοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήκοος: meaning 'disobedient'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπωλείᾳruinN1A DSF · ἀπώλειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
2
ἀπὸ καρπῶν δικαιοσύνης φάγεται ἀγαθός ψυχαὶ δὲ παρανόμων ὀλοῦνται ἄωροι
From the fruits of righteousness a good man will eat, but the souls of the lawless perish before their time.
Fruitful righteousness and premature destruction are set over against one another.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρπῶνfruitN2 GPM · καρπόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαιοσύνηςrighteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φάγεταιwill eatVF FMI3S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐσθίω: meaning 'will eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθόςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψυχαὶsoul / lifeN1 NPF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρανόμωνlawlessA1B GPM · παράνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀλοῦνταιwill perishVF2 FMI3P · ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὄλλυμι: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄωροιuntimelyA1B NPF · ἄωροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄωρος: meaning 'untimely'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
3
ὃς φυλάσσει τὸ ἑαυτοῦ στόμα τηρεῖ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν ὁ δὲ προπετὴς χείλεσιν πτοήσει ἑαυτόν
Whoever guards his own mouth preserves his own life, but the rash man in his lips will terrify himself.
Guarded speech preserves life, while impulsive speech harms the speaker himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὃςwho / whoeverRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φυλάσσειguardV1 PAI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφυλάσσω: meaning 'guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τηρεῖkeep / preserveV2 PAI3S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτηρέω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προπετὴςrashA3H NSM · προπετήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροπετής: meaning 'rash'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χείλεσινlipN3E DPN · χεῖλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lip'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πτοήσειwill terrifyVF FAI3S · πτοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπτοέω: meaning 'will terrify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτόνhimselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἑαυτόν: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις ἐστὶν πᾶς ἀεργός χεῖρες δὲ ἀνδρείων ἐν ἐπιμελείᾳ
Every idle person lives among desires, but the hands of the courageous are occupied with diligence.
The saying opposes idle longing to diligent strength.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπιθυμίαιςdesireN1A DPF · ἐπιθυμίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐστὶνisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςevery / allA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀεργόςidleA1B NSM · ἀεργόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀεργός: meaning 'idle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χεῖρεςhandN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνδρείωνcourageousA1A GPM · ἀνδρεῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'courageous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπιμελείᾳcareN1A DSF · ἐπιμέλειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιμέλεια: meaning 'care'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
5
λόγον ἄδικον μισεῖ δίκαιος ἀσεβὴς δὲ αἰσχύνεται καὶ οὐχ ἕξει παρρησίαν
The righteous hates an unjust word, but the wicked is ashamed and will not have boldness.
Truthfulness marks the righteous, while the wicked are exposed by shame.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄδικονwrongA1B ASM · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'wrong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μισεῖhateV2 PAI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμισέω: meaning 'hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςδικαιοςA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'δικαιος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβὴςwicked / ungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'wicked'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχύνεταιbe ashamedV1 PMI3S · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἰσχύνω: meaning 'be ashamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕξειstate / possessionN3I DSF · ἕξιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἕξις: meaning 'state'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παρρησίανpublic boldnessN1A ASF · παρρησίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαρρησία: meaning 'public boldness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
δικαιοσύνη φυλάσσει ἀκάκους τοὺς δὲ ἀσεβεῖς φαύλους ποιεῖ ἁμαρτία
Righteousness guards the innocent, but sin makes the wicked base.
Righteousness protects, while sin bends the wicked toward baseness.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φυλάσσειguardV1 PAI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφυλάσσω: meaning 'guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀκάκουςinnocent / harmlessA1B APM · ἄκακοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄκακος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖςthe wickedA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'the wicked'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φαύλουςbase / worthlessA1 APM · φαῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφαῦλος: meaning 'base'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιεῖmakeV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτίαsinN1A NSF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
εἰσὶν οἱ πλουτίζοντες ἑαυτοὺς μηδὲν ἔχοντες καὶ εἰσὶν οἱ ταπεινοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς ἐν πολλῷ πλούτῳ
There are those who make themselves rich while having nothing, and there are those who humble themselves while possessing much wealth.
The proverb observes the instability of appearances in matters of wealth and self-presentation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰσὶνthere areV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλουτίζοντεςmaking richV1 · παπνπμ πλουτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πλουτίζω: meaning 'making rich'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτοὺςthemselvesRD APM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἑαυτοὺς: meaning 'themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μηδὲνnothingA3P ASN · μηδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμηδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχοντεςhavingV1 · παπνπμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσὶνthere areV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπεινοῦντεςhumblingV4 · παπνπμ ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ταπεινόω: meaning 'humbling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτοὺςthemselvesRD APM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἑαυτοὺς: meaning 'themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολλῷmuchA1 DSM · πολύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πλούτῳwealthN2 DSM · πλοῦτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
8
λύτρον ἀνδρὸς ψυχῆς ὁ ἴδιος πλοῦτος πτωχὸς δὲ οὐχ ὑφίσταται ἀπειλήν
A man's own wealth is the ransom of his life, but a poor man does not withstand a threat.
Riches can serve as ransom, while poverty leaves a person exposed.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
λύτρονransomN2N NSN · λύτρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλύτρον: meaning 'ransom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ψυχῆςsoul / lifeN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἴδιοςone's ownA1A NSM · ἴδιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴδιος: meaning 'one's own'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πτωχὸςpoorN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑφίσταταιwithstandsV6 PMI3S · ἵστημι + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵστημι + ὑπο: meaning 'withstands'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπειλήνthreatN1 ASF · ἀπειλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπειλή: meaning 'threat'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
φῶς δικαίοις διὰ παντός φῶς δὲ ἀσεβῶν σβέννυται ψυχαὶ δόλιαι πλανῶνται ἐν ἁμαρτίαις δίκαιοι δὲ οἰκτίρουσιν καὶ ἐλεῶσιν
Light remains with the righteous always, but the light of the wicked is extinguished; deceitful souls wander in sins, but the righteous show compassion and mercy.
The righteous are linked with enduring light and mercy, the wicked with darkness and wandering.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίοιςto the righteousA1A DPM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'to the righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διὰthrough / forP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντόςevery / allA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the wickedA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the wicked'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σβέννυταιis extinguishedV5 PPI3S · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσβέννυμι: meaning 'is extinguished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχαὶsoul / lifeN1 NPF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δόλιαιdeceitfulA1A NPF · δόλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλιος: meaning 'deceitful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλανῶνταιwanderV3 PMI3P · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπλανάω: meaning 'wander'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δίκαιοιthe righteousA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'the righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκτίρουσινhave compassionV1 PAI3P · οἰκτείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκτείρω: meaning 'have compassion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεῶσινshow mercyV3 PAS3P · ἐλεάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐλεάω: meaning 'show mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
κακὸς μεθ' ὕβρεως πράσσει κακά οἱ δὲ ἑαυτῶν ἐπιγνώμονες σοφοί
An evil man acts evilly with arrogance, but those who know themselves are wise.
Arrogant evil is opposed to self-aware wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
κακὸςa badA1 NSM · κακόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακός: meaning 'a bad'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεθ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕβρεωςarroganceN3I GSF · ὕβριςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕβρις: meaning 'arrogance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πράσσειdo / actV1 PAI3S · πράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπράσσω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑαυτῶνtheir ownRD GPM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτῶν: meaning 'their own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπιγνώμονεςself-aware / discerningA3N NPM · ἐπιγνώμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιγνώμων: meaning 'self-aware'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφοίwiseA1 NPM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
ὕπαρξις ἐπισπουδαζομένη μετὰ ἀνομίας ἐλάσσων γίνεται ὁ δὲ συνάγων ἑαυτῷ μετ' εὐσεβείας πληθυνθήσεται δίκαιος οἰκτίρει καὶ κιχρᾷ
Wealth eagerly acquired with lawlessness becomes less, but the one who gathers for himself with godliness will be increased; the righteous pities and lends.
Illicit gain dwindles, but reverent gathering grows into stable increase.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὕπαρξιςproperty / wealthN3I NSF · ὕπαρξιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕπαρξις: meaning 'property'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπισπουδαζομένηeagerly pursuedV1 · πμπνσφ σπουδάζω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ σπουδάζω + ἐπι: meaning 'eagerly pursued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A GSF · ἀνομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐλάσσωνlessA3C NSM · ἐλαχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλαχύς: meaning 'less'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνάγωνgatheringV1 · παπνσμ ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'for himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐσεβείαςgodlinessN1A GSF · εὐσέβειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσέβεια: meaning 'godliness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πληθυνθήσεταιwill be multipliedVC FPI3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπληθύνω: meaning 'will be multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςδικαιοςA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'δικαιος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἰκτίρειpitiesV1 PAI3S · οἰκτείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκτείρω: meaning 'pities'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κιχρᾷlendV3 PAI3S · κιχράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκιχράω: meaning 'lend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
κρείσσων ἐναρχόμενος βοηθῶν καρδίᾳ τοῦ ἐπαγγελλομένου καὶ εἰς ἐλπίδα ἄγοντος δένδρον γὰρ ζωῆς ἐπιθυμία ἀγαθή
Better is one who begins to help from the heart than one who promises and merely leads to hope, for a good desire is a tree of life.
The verse evaluates sincere help over empty promise and names good desire as life-giving.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐναρχόμενοςbeginV1 · πμπνσμ ἄρχω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἄρχω + ἐν: meaning 'begin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βοηθῶνhelpV2 · παπνσμ βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βοηθέω: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαγγελλομένουone promisingV1 · πμπγσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'one promising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐλπίδαhopeN3D ASF · ἐλπίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄγοντοςleadingV1 · παπγσμ ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ἄγω: meaning 'leading'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δένδρονtreeN2N NSN · δένδρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδένδρον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπιθυμίαdesireN1A NSF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθήgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
13
ὃς καταφρονεῖ πράγματος καταφρονηθήσεται ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ὁ δὲ φοβούμενος ἐντολήν οὗτος ὑγιαίνει υἱῷ δολίῳ οὐδὲν ἔσται ἀγαθόν οἰκέτῃ δὲ σοφῷ εὔοδοι ἔσονται πράξεις καὶ κατευθυνθήσεται ἡ ὁδὸς αὐτοῦ
Whoever despises a matter will be despised by it, but the one who fears a command is sound; no good will come to a deceitful son, but a wise servant will have prosperous actions and his way will be made straight.
Despising instruction brings reversal, while fearing command leads to health and prosperous direction.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ὃςwho / whoeverRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταφρονεῖdespisesV2 PAI3S · φρονέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφρονέω + κατα: meaning 'despises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πράγματοςmatter / thingN3M GSN · πρᾶγμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρᾶγμα: meaning 'matter'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καταφρονηθήσεταιwill be despisedVC FPI3S · φρονέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφρονέω + κατα: meaning 'will be despised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπ'underP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπ': meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβούμενοςfearingV2 · πμπνσμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φοβέω: meaning 'fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολήνcommandmentN1 ASF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὗτοςthis oneRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this one'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑγιαίνειbe sound / healthyV1 PAI3S · ὑγιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὑγιαίνω: meaning 'be sound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱῷsonN2 DSM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δολίῳdeceitfulA1A DSM · δόλιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδόλιος: meaning 'deceitful'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐδὲνno oneA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθόνgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἰκέτῃservantN1M DSM · οἰκέτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἰκέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφῷwiseA1 DSM · σοφόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὔοδοιprosperousA1B NPF · εὔοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὔοδος: meaning 'prosperous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσονταιwill beVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πράξειςdeed / actionN3I NPF · πρᾶξιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρᾶξις: meaning 'deed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατευθυνθήσεταιεὐθύνω + καταVC FPI3S · εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'εὐθύνω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸςοδοςN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'οδος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
νόμος σοφοῦ πηγὴ ζωῆς ὁ δὲ ἄνους ὑπὸ παγίδος θανεῖται
The law of the wise is a fountain of life, but the senseless man will die by a snare.
Wise instruction is life-giving, while folly remains exposed to death.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
νόμοςlaw / instructionN2 NSM · νόμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφοῦwiseA1 GSM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πηγὴfountainN1 NSF · πηγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηγή: meaning 'fountain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνουςsenselessA1C NSM · ἄνουςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνους: meaning 'senseless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παγίδοςsnareN3D GSF · παγίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θανεῖταιwill dieVF2 FMI3S · θνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθνήσκω: meaning 'will die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
σύνεσις ἀγαθὴ δίδωσιν χάριν τὸ δὲ γνῶναι νόμον διανοίας ἐστὶν ἀγαθῆς ὁδοὶ δὲ καταφρονούντων ἐν ἀπωλείᾳ
Good understanding gives favor, and to know the law belongs to a good mind; but the ways of the contemptuous are in destruction.
Good understanding wins favor, but contemptuous ways end in destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
σύνεσιςunderstandingN3I NSF · σύνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθὴgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίδωσινgiveV8 PAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάρινfavor / graceN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶναιto knowVZ AAN · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω: meaning 'to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμονlaw / instructionN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διανοίαςmindN1A GSF · διάνοιαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιάνοια: meaning 'mind'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστὶνisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθῆςgoodA1 GSF · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁδοὶοδοιN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'οδοι'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφρονούντωνof the contemptuousV2 · παπγπμ φρονέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ φρονέω + κατα: meaning 'of the contemptuous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπωλείᾳruinN1A DSF · ἀπώλειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
16
πᾶς πανοῦργος πράσσει μετὰ γνώσεως ὁ δὲ ἄφρων ἐξεπέτασεν ἑαυτοῦ κακίαν
Every prudent man acts with knowledge, but the fool spreads out his own evil.
Prudence acts from knowledge, whereas folly publicly displays its evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πᾶςevery / allA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πανοῦργοςshrewd / cleverA1B NSM · πανοῦργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπανοῦργος: meaning 'shrewd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πράσσειdo / actV1 PAI3S · πράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπράσσω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γνώσεωςknowledgeN3I GSF · γνῶσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρωνfoolishA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξεπέτασενspread outVAI AAI3S · πεταννύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπεταννύω + ἐκ: meaning 'spread out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κακίανevilN1A ASF · κακίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
17
βασιλεὺς θρασὺς ἐμπεσεῖται εἰς κακά ἄγγελος δὲ πιστὸς ῥύσεται αὐτόν
A bold king will fall into evils, but a faithful messenger will rescue him.
Reckless power falls, while faithful mediation rescues.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θρασὺςboldA3U NSM · θρασύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρασύς: meaning 'bold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμπεσεῖταιwill fall intoVF2 FMI3S · πίπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'will fall into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄγγελοςmessengerN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: meaning 'messenger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πιστὸςfaithfulA1 NSM · πιστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπιστός: meaning 'faithful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ῥύσεταιwill rescueVF FMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥύομαι: meaning 'will rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνself / himRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'self'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
πενίαν καὶ ἀτιμίαν ἀφαιρεῖται παιδεία ὁ δὲ φυλάσσων ἐλέγχους δοξασθήσεται
Poverty and dishonor strip away discipline, but the one who keeps reproofs will be glorified.
Neglected discipline yields disgrace, but guarded correction yields honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πενίανpovertyN1A ASF · πενίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπενία: meaning 'poverty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτιμίανdishonorN1A ASF · ἀτιμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀφαιρεῖταιtakes awayV2 PMI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'takes away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάσσωνkeepingV1 · παπνσμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'keeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλέγχουςreproofN2 APM · ἔλεγχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεγχος: meaning 'reproof'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δοξασθήσεταιglorify / honorVS FPI3S · δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδοξάζω: meaning 'glorify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
ἐπιθυμίαι εὐσεβῶν ἡδύνουσιν ψυχήν ἔργα δὲ ἀσεβῶν μακρὰν ἀπὸ γνώσεως
The desires of the godly delight the soul, but the works of the wicked are far from knowledge.
Godly desire sweetens life, while wicked practice remains far from true knowledge.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐπιθυμίαιdesireN1A NPF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐσεβῶνgodlyA3H GPM · εὐσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσεβής: meaning 'godly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡδύνουσινdelightV1 PAI3P · ἡδύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἡδύνω: meaning 'delight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔργαworkN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the wickedA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the wicked'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μακρὰνfarD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'far'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γνώσεωςknowledgeN3I GSF · γνῶσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
ὁ συμπορευόμενος σοφοῖς σοφὸς ἔσται ὁ δὲ συμπορευόμενος ἄφροσι γνωσθήσεται
The one who walks with the wise will be wise, but the one who walks with fools will become known as such.
Companionship shapes character, making company itself a moral path.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμπορευόμενοςwalking withV1 · πμπνσμ πορεύομαι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ πορεύομαι + συν: meaning 'walking with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφοῖςwise menA1 DPM · σοφόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφός: meaning 'wise men'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σοφὸςskilled / wiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'skilled'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμπορευόμενοςwalking withV1 · πμπνσμ πορεύομαι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ πορεύομαι + συν: meaning 'walking with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄφροσιfoolsA3N DPM · ἄφρωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄφρων: meaning 'fools'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γνωσθήσεταιknowVS FPI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
ἁμαρτάνοντας καταδιώξεται κακά τοὺς δὲ δικαίους καταλήμψεται ἀγαθά
Evils pursue sinners, but good things will overtake the righteous.
Evil pursues sinners, while good catches up with the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἁμαρτάνονταςαμαρτανονταςV1 · παπαπμ ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'αμαρτανοντας'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταδιώξεταιshall pursueVF FMI3S · διώκω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδιώκω + κατα: meaning 'shall pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilA1 NPN · κακόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίουςthe righteousA1A APM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'the righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καταλήμψεταιwill overtakeVF FMI3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'will overtake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθάgoodA1 NPN · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
22
ἀγαθὸς ἀνὴρ κληρονομήσει υἱοὺς υἱῶν θησαυρίζεται δὲ δικαίοις πλοῦτος ἀσεβὼν
A good man will leave an inheritance to his children's children, but the wealth of the wicked is stored up for the righteous.
Wisdom thinks across generations, while wicked wealth is redirected beyond its possessor.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κληρονομήσειleave as inheritance / inheritVF FAI3S · κληρονομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκληρονομέω: meaning 'leave as inheritance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
υἱῶνof sonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'of sons'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θησαυρίζεταιstore upV1 PMI3S · θησαυρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθησαυρίζω: meaning 'store up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίοιςto the righteousA1A DPM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'to the righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβὼνwicked / ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'wicked'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
23
δίκαιοι ποιήσουσιν ἐν πλούτῳ ἔτη πολλά ἄδικοι δὲ ἀπολοῦνται συντόμως
The righteous will spend many years in wealth, but the unjust will perish quickly.
Righteous stability is measured in long years, unjust life in sudden loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δίκαιοιthe righteousA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'the righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ποιήσουσινwill make / spendVF FAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλούτῳwealthN2 DSM · πλοῦτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔτηyearN3E APN · ἔτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πολλάmuchA1 APN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄδικοιunjustA1B NPM · ἄδικοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολοῦνταιwill perishVF2 FMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συντόμωςquicklyD · συντόμωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσυντόμως: meaning 'quickly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
24
ὃς φείδεται τῆς βακτηρίας μισεῖ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ὁ δὲ ἀγαπῶν ἐπιμελῶς παιδεύει
Whoever spares the rod hates his son, but the one who loves him disciplines him carefully.
Love is expressed through careful discipline rather than sentimental neglect.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὃςwho / whoeverRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φείδεταιsparesV1 PMI3S · φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφείδομαι: meaning 'spares'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βακτηρίαςrodN1A GSF · βακτηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβακτηρία: meaning 'rod'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μισεῖhateV2 PAI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμισέω: meaning 'hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαπῶνloveV3 · παπνσμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιμελῶςcarefullyD · ἐπιμελῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπιμελῶς: meaning 'carefully'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδεύειdisciplineV1 PAI3S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπαιδεύω: meaning 'discipline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
δίκαιος ἔσθων ἐμπιπλᾷ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ψυχαὶ δὲ ἀσεβῶν ἐνδεεῖς
The righteous, by eating, fills his own soul, but the souls of the wicked are needy.
The chapter ends by opposing righteous sufficiency to wicked lack.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δίκαιοςδικαιοςA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'δικαιος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσθωνeatingV1 · παπνσμ ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐσθίω: meaning 'eating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμπιπλᾷfillsV3 PAI3S · πιπλάω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπιπλάω + ἐν: meaning 'fills'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνsoul / lifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψυχαὶsoul / lifeN1 NPF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the wickedA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the wicked'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνδεεῖςneedyA3H NPF · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'needy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.