1
ὀργὴ ἀπόλλυσιν καὶ φρονίμους ἀπόκρισις δὲ ὑποπίπτουσα ἀποστρέφει θυμόν λόγος δὲ λυπηρὸς ἐγείρει ὀργάς
Anger destroys even prudent men, but a yielding answer turns away wrath, and a painful word stirs up angers.
The proverb moves through three linked clauses: destructive anger, the calming force of a deferential reply, and the renewed escalation caused by harsh speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὀργὴangerN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'anger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπόλλυσινdestroyV5 PAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρονίμουςprudentA1B APM · φρόνιμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρόνιμος: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπόκρισιςanswerN3I NSF · ἀπόκρισιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπόκρισις: meaning 'answer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποπίπτουσαπαπνσφ πίπτω + ὑποV1 · παπνσφ πίπτω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ πίπτω + ὑπο: meaning 'παπνσφ πίπτω + ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποστρέφειturn awayV1 PAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυμόνwrathN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυπηρὸςpainfulA1A NSM · λυπηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλυπηρός: meaning 'painful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγείρειstir upV1 PAI3S · ἐγείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγείρω: meaning 'stir up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀργάςangerN1 APF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'anger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
γλῶσσα σοφῶν καλὰ ἐπίσταται στόμα δὲ ἀφρόνων ἀναγγελεῖ κακά
The tongue of the wise knows good things, but the mouth of fools will announce evils.
Speech reveals moral formation. Wisdom handles what is good fittingly, while folly broadcasts harm.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφῶνwiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καλὰgoodA1 APN · καλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπίσταταιknowV6 PMI3S · ἵσταμαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵσταμαι + ἐπι: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφρόνωνfoolishA3N GPM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀναγγελεῖannounceVF2 FAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'announce'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου σκοπεύουσιν κακούς τε καὶ ἀγαθούς
In every place the eyes of the Lord watch both the evil and the good.
No moral act escapes divine sight. The proverb grounds ethics in the Lord's universal surveillance rather than in human secrecy.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶeveryA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σκοπεύουσινwatchV1 PAI3P · σκοπεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκοπεύω: meaning 'watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακούςevilA1 APM · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τεCATSS source 31.Proverbs.mlxx.X TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'CATSS source 31.Proverbs.mlxx.'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθούςgoodA1 APM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ἴασις γλώσσης δένδρον ζωῆς ὁ δὲ συντηρῶν αὐτὴν πλησθήσεται πνεύματος
The healing of the tongue is a tree of life, but the one who keeps it will be filled with spirit.
Speech can become restorative and life-giving. The second colon adds that disciplined custody of speech shapes the inner person as well.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴασις: meaning 'healing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δένδρονtreeN2N NSN · δένδρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδένδρον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντηρῶνπαπνσμ τηρέω + συνV2 · παπνσμ τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τηρέω + συν: meaning 'παπνσμ τηρέω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴναὐτόςRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλησθήσεταιfillVS FPI3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πνεύματοςspiritN3M GSN · πνεῦμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
ἄφρων μυκτηρίζει παιδείαν πατρός ὁ δὲ φυλάσσων ἐντολὰς πανουργότερος
A fool mocks a father's discipline, but he who keeps the commandments is more shrewd.
Parental correction stands here as the ordinary school of wisdom. Rejecting it marks folly, while keeping commandment produces practical discernment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἄφρωνfoolishA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μυκτηρίζειmockV1 PAI3S · μυκτηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμυκτηρίζω: meaning 'mock'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανdisciplineN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πατρόςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάσσωνπαπνσμ φυλάσσωV1 · παπνσμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'παπνσμ φυλάσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentN1 APF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πανουργότεροςmore shrewdA1B NSMC · πανοῦργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπανοῦργος: meaning 'more shrewd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
ἐν πλεοναζούσῃ δικαιοσύνῃ ἰσχὺς πολλή οἱ δὲ ἀσεβεῖς ὁλόρριζοι ἐκ γῆς ὀλοῦνται οἴκοις δικαίων ἰσχὺς πολλή καρποὶ δὲ ἀσεβῶν ἀπολοῦνται
In abundant righteousness there is great strength, but the ungodly, uprooted from the earth, will perish; in the houses of the righteous there is great strength, but the fruits of the ungodly will perish.
The verse expands from persons to houses and produce. Righteousness gives durable rootedness, while ungodliness ends in removal and wasted yield.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλεοναζούσῃaboundingV1 · παπδσφ πλεονάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσφ πλεονάζω: meaning 'abounding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολλήπολύςA1 NSF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'πολύς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱὁRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁλόρριζοιuprootedA1B NPM · ὁλόρριζοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁλόρριζος: meaning 'uprooted'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκἐκP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀλοῦνταιperishVF2 FMI3P · ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὄλλυμι: meaning 'perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἴκοιςhouseN2 DPM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δικαίωνδίκαιοςA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'δίκαιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολλήπολύςA1 NSF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'πολύς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρποὶfruitN2 NPM · καρπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπολοῦνταιdestroyVF2 FMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
χείλη σοφῶν δέδεται αἰσθήσει καρδίαι δὲ ἀφρόνων οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς
The lips of the wise are bound to discernment, but the hearts of fools are not secure.
Wise speech is joined to disciplined perception. Folly, by contrast, lacks inward stability and so cannot speak or act reliably.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
χείληχεῖλοςN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'χεῖλος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφῶνwiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δέδεταιis boundVM XMI3S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδέω: meaning 'is bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰσθήσειdiscernmentN3I DSF · αἴσθησιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἴσθησις: meaning 'discernment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρδίαιheartN1A NPF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφρόνωνfoolishA3N GPM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσφαλεῖςsecureA3H NPM · ἀσφαλήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσφαλής: meaning 'secure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
8
θυσίαι ἀσεβῶν βδέλυγμα κυρίῳ εὐχαὶ δὲ κατευθυνόντων δεκταὶ παρ' αὐτῷ
The sacrifices of the ungodly are an abomination to the Lord, but the prayers of those who go straight are acceptable with him.
Cult is judged morally, not merely ritually. Rightly ordered conduct makes prayer welcome where wicked sacrifice is repellent.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
θυσίαιsacrificeN1A NPF · θυσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβῶνungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐχαὶprayerN1 NPF · εὐχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατευθυνόντωνof those who go straightV1 · παπγπμ εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ εὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'of those who go straight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δεκταὶacceptableA1 NPF · δεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεκτός: meaning 'acceptable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷαὐτόςRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
βδέλυγμα κυρίῳ ὁδοὶ ἀσεβοῦς διώκοντας δὲ δικαιοσύνην ἀγαπᾷ
The ways of the ungodly are an abomination to the Lord, but he loves those who pursue righteousness.
The issue is not one isolated act but a whole manner of walking. Divine love aligns with active pursuit of justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁδοὶwayN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβοῦςungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διώκονταςπαπαπμ διώκωV1 · παπαπμ διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ διώκω: meaning 'παπαπμ διώκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'loves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
παιδεία ἀκάκου γνωρίζεται ὑπὸ τῶν παριόντων οἱ δὲ μισοῦντες ἐλέγχους τελευτῶσιν αἰσχρῶς
The discipline of the guileless is recognized by passersby, but those who hate reproof end shamefully.
Correction leaves visible marks on life. The public character of conduct means that refusal of reproof eventually becomes disgrace.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκάκουἄκακοςA1B GSM · ἄκακοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄκακος: meaning 'ἄκακος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γνωρίζεταιbe knownV1 PMI3S · γνωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγνωρίζω: meaning 'be known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνὁRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παριόντωνpassersbyV7 · παπγπμ ἵημι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ἵημι + παρα: meaning 'passersby'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱὁRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μισοῦντεςπαπνπμ μισέωV2 · παπνπμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ μισέω: meaning 'παπνπμ μισέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλέγχουςreproofN2 APM · ἔλεγχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεγχος: meaning 'reproof'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τελευτῶσινendV3 PAI3P · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτελευτάω: meaning 'end'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰσχρῶςshamefullyD · αἰσχρῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastαἰσχρῶς: meaning 'shamefully'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
11
ᾅδης καὶ ἀπώλεια φανερὰ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ πῶς οὐχὶ καὶ αἱ καρδίαι τῶν ἀνθρώπων
Hades and destruction are plain before the Lord; how much more the hearts of men.
The proverb argues from the greater hiddenness of death's realm to the lesser hiddenness of the human heart. Nothing inward is opaque to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ᾅδηςHadesN1M NSM · ᾅδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceᾅδης: meaning 'Hades'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλειαdestructionN1A NSF · ἀπώλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φανερὰplainA1A NSF · φανερόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφανερός: meaning 'plain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰwithP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷὁRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχὶsurely notD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'surely not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱὁRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαιheartN1A NPF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνὁRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνἄνθρωποςN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'ἄνθρωπος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
οὐκ ἀγαπήσει ἀπαίδευτος τοὺς ἐλέγχοντας αὐτόν μετὰ δὲ σοφῶν οὐχ ὁμιλήσει
An untaught man will not love those who reprove him, nor will he associate with the wise.
Refusal of correction isolates a person from wise company. Moral immaturity is shown by whom one avoids.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαπήσειloveVF FAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγαπάω: meaning 'love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπαίδευτοςuntaughtA1B NSM · ἀπαίδευτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπαίδευτος: meaning 'untaught'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοὺςὁRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλέγχονταςπαπαπμ ἐλέγχωV1 · παπαπμ ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ἐλέγχω: meaning 'παπαπμ ἐλέγχω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόναὐτόςRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφῶνwiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμιλήσειassociateVF FAI3S · ὁμιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁμιλέω: meaning 'associate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
καρδίας εὐφραινομένης πρόσωπον θάλλει ἐν δὲ λύπαις οὔσης σκυθρωπάζει
When a heart rejoices, the face blooms; but when it is in grief, it grows gloomy.
Inner condition manifests itself outwardly. The proverb treats the face as the visible index of hidden joy or pain.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐφραινομένηςrejoicingV1 · πμπγσφ εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ εὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoicing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θάλλειbloomV1 PAI3S · θάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθάλλω: meaning 'bloom'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λύπαιςgriefN1 DPF · λύπηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλύπη: meaning 'grief'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὔσηςbeingV9 · παπγσφ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσφ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκυθρωπάζειgrow gloomyV1 PAI3S · σκυθρωπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκυθρωπάζω: meaning 'grow gloomy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
καρδία ὀρθὴ ζητεῖ αἴσθησιν στόμα δὲ ἀπαιδεύτων γνώσεται κακά
An upright heart seeks perception, but the mouth of the untaught will know evils.
The wise seek understanding intentionally. The undisciplined instead become familiar with what is harmful.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀρθὴuprightA1 NSF · ὀρθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀρθός: meaning 'upright'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζητεῖseekV2 PAI3S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἴσθησινdiscernmentN3I ASF · αἴσθησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴσθησις: meaning 'discernment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαιδεύτωνuntaughtA1B GPM · ἀπαίδευτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀπαίδευτος: meaning 'untaught'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γνώσεταιγιγνώσκωVF FMI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνώσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
πάντα τὸν χρόνον οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ τῶν κακῶν προσδέχονται κακά οἱ δὲ ἀγαθοὶ ἡσυχάζουσιν διὰ παντός
All the time the eyes of the wicked wait for evils, but the good are at rest continually.
Expectation shapes experience: the wicked live in anxious anticipation, whereas the good inhabit durable calm.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πάνταeveryA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱὁRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνὁRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακῶνevilA1 GPM · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προσδέχονταιwait forV1 PMI3P · δέχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'wait for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱὁRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθοὶgoodA1 NPM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡσυχάζουσινare at restV1 PAI3P · ἡσυχάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἡσυχάζω: meaning 'are at rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰδιάP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'διά'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντόςeveryA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
κρείσσων μικρὰ μερὶς μετὰ φόβου κυρίου ἢ θησαυροὶ μεγάλοι μετὰ ἀφοβίας
Better a small portion with the fear of the Lord than great treasures with fearlessness.
The proverb relativizes wealth by setting it beside reverence. Security without piety is exposed as false abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSF · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μικρὰsmallA1A NSF · μικρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἢἤC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'ἤ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θησαυροὶtreasureN2 NPM · θησαυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθησαυρός: meaning 'treasure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεγάλοιgreatA1 NPM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφοβίαςfearlessnessN1A GSF · ἀφοβίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀφοβία: meaning 'fearlessness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
κρείσσων ξενισμὸς λαχάνων πρὸς φιλίαν καὶ χάριν ἢ παράθεσις μόσχων μετὰ ἔχθρας
Better a meal of vegetables with friendship and grace than a serving of calves with hatred.
Domestic peace outweighs luxury. The quality of the table's relationships matters more than the costliness of its food.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ξενισμὸςmealN2 NSM · ξενισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceξενισμός: meaning 'meal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαχάνωνvegetableN2 GPN · λάχανονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλάχανον: meaning 'vegetable'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρὸςwithP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φιλίανfriendshipN1A ASF · φιλίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφιλία: meaning 'friendship'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χάρινgraceN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἢἤC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'ἤ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράθεσιςservingN3I NSF · παράθεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράθεσις: meaning 'serving'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μόσχωνcalfN2 GPM · μόσχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμόσχος: meaning 'calf'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔχθραςhatredA1A GSF · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'hatred'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
ἀνὴρ θυμώδης παρασκευάζει μάχας μακρόθυμος δὲ καὶ τὴν μέλλουσαν καταπραύ̈νει μακρόθυμος ἀνὴρ κατασβέσει κρίσεις ὁ δὲ ἀσεβὴς ἐγείρει μᾶλλον
A wrathful man prepares battles, but a patient man calms even what is coming; a patient man will quench judgments, but the ungodly stirs them up more.
The saying praises long-suffering as preventative and restorative. Impatience multiplies conflict, while patience interrupts its spread.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θυμώδηςwrathfulA3H NSM · θυμώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμώδης: meaning 'wrathful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρασκευάζειpreparesV1 PAI3S · σκευάζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκευάζω + παρα: meaning 'prepares'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάχαςbattleN1 APF · μάχηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχη: meaning 'battle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μακρόθυμοςpatientA1B NSM · μακρόθυμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακρόθυμος: meaning 'patient'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνὁRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέλλουσανwhat is comingV1 · παπασφ μέλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασφ μέλλω: meaning 'what is coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταπραύ̈νειπραύ̈νω + καταV1 PAI3S · πραύ̈νω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπραύ̈νω + κατα: meaning 'πραύ̈νω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μακρόθυμοςpatientA1B NSM · μακρόθυμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακρόθυμος: meaning 'patient'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατασβέσειwill quenchVF2 FAI3S · σβέννυμι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσβέννυμι + κατα: meaning 'will quench'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσειςstrifeN3I APF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'strife'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγείρειstir upV1 PAI3S · ἐγείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγείρω: meaning 'stir up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μᾶλλονmoreD · μᾶλλονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμᾶλλον: meaning 'more'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
19
ὁδοὶ ἀεργῶν ἐστρωμέναι ἀκάνθαις αἱ δὲ τῶν ἀνδρείων τετριμμέναι
The ways of the idle are strewn with thorns, but those of the brave are well trodden.
Laziness makes ordinary progress painful. Courage and disciplined effort create a passable road.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὁδοὶwayN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀεργῶνidleA1B GPM · ἀεργόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀεργός: meaning 'idle'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστρωμέναιχμπνπφ στόρνυμιVM · χμπνπφ στόρνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπφ στόρνυμι: meaning 'χμπνπφ στόρνυμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀκάνθαιςthornN1A DPF · ἄκανθαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄκανθα: meaning 'thorn'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αἱὁRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνὁRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρείωνbraveA1A GPM · ἀνδρεῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'brave'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τετριμμέναιwell troddenVP · χμπνπφ τρίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπφ τρίβω: meaning 'well trodden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
υἱὸς σοφὸς εὐφραίνει πατέρα υἱὸς δὲ ἄφρων μυκτηρίζει μητέρα αὐτοῦ
A wise son gladdens his father, but a foolish son mocks his mother.
Family life again becomes the arena of wisdom. Honor and mockery reveal the quality of the child's moral formation.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐφραίνειrejoiceV1 PAI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατέραfatherN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρωνfoolishA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μυκτηρίζειmockV1 PAI3S · μυκτηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμυκτηρίζω: meaning 'mock'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μητέραmotherN3 ASF · μήτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦαὐτόςRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
ἀνοήτου τρίβοι ἐνδεεῖς φρενῶν ἀνὴρ δὲ φρόνιμος κατευθύνων πορεύεται
The paths of the senseless are lacking in understanding, but a prudent man walks straight.
Folly is not just bad intention but deficient perception. Prudence shows itself in a straight and directed course.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀνοήτουsenselessA1B GSM · ἀνόητοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνόητος: meaning 'senseless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τρίβοιpathN2 NPF · τρίβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρίβος: meaning 'path'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνδεεῖςlackingA3H NPF · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'lacking'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρενῶνunderstandingN3 GPF · φρήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρήν: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνιμοςprudentA1B NSM · φρόνιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνιμος: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατευθύνωνπαπνσμ εὐθύνω + καταV1 · παπνσμ εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'παπνσμ εὐθύνω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πορεύεταιπορεύομαιV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'πορεύομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
ὑπερτίθενται λογισμοὺς οἱ μὴ τιμῶντες συνέδρια ἐν δὲ καρδίαις βουλευομένων μένει βουλή
Plans are overturned by those who do not honor councils, but in the hearts of those who deliberate, counsel remains.
Deliberation is communal as well as personal. Stable plans depend on the willingness to receive counsel rather than despise it.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὑπερτίθενταιare overturnedV7 PMI3P · τίθημι + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτίθημι + ὑπερ: meaning 'are overturned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λογισμοὺςplanN2 APM · λογισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλογισμός: meaning 'plan'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱὁRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴμήD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'μή'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιμῶντεςhonoringV3 · παπνπμ τιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ τιμάω: meaning 'honoring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συνέδριαcouncilN2N APN · συνέδριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυνέδριον: meaning 'council'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρδίαιςin the heartsN1A DPF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'in the hearts'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βουλευομένωνπμπγπμ βουλεύωV1 · πμπγπμ βουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ βουλεύω: meaning 'πμπγπμ βουλεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μένειμένωV1 PAI3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω: meaning 'μένω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουλήcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
23
οὐ μὴ ὑπακούσῃ ὁ κακὸς αὐτῇ οὐδὲ μὴ εἴπῃ καίριόν τι καὶ καλὸν τῷ κοινῷ
The evil man will not heed it, nor will he say anything timely and good for the common good.
The proverb links teachability with public usefulness. Refusal to listen issues in speech that fails the shared good.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴμήD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'μή'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπακούσῃheedVA AAS3S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'heed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακὸςevilA1 NSM · κακόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲοὐδέC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'οὐδέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴμήD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'μή'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπῃεἶπονVB AAS3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'εἶπον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καίριόνtimelyA1A ASN · καίριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαίριος: meaning 'timely'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τιτιςRI ASN · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτι: meaning 'τις'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλὸνgoodA1 ASN · καλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷὁRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοινῷcommonA1 DSM · κοινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκοινός: meaning 'common'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
24
ὁδοὶ ζωῆς διανοήματα συνετοῦ ἵνα ἐκκλίνας ἐκ τοῦ ᾅδου σωθῇ
The thoughts of the prudent are ways of life, so that by turning aside from Hades he may be saved.
Prudence is presented as a life-path, not mere cleverness. Right thought becomes a saving deviation from death's road.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁδοὶwayN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διανοήματαthoughtN3M NPN · διανόημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιανόημα: meaning 'thought'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνετοῦprudentA1 GSM · συνετόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυνετός: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκλίναςααπνσμ κλίνω + ἐκVA · ααπνσμ κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ κλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'ααπνσμ κλίνω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκἐκP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦὁRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾅδουHadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾅδης: meaning 'Hades'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σωθῇsaveVC APS3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
οἴκους ὑβριστῶν κατασπᾷ κύριος ἐστήρισεν δὲ ὅριον χήρας
The Lord tears down the houses of the insolent, but he establishes the boundary of the widow.
God opposes predatory pride and protects the vulnerable. The contrast between the strong household and the widow's boundary dramatizes divine justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
οἴκουςhouseN2 APM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑβριστῶνinsolentN1M GPM · ὑβριστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑβριστής: meaning 'insolent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατασπᾷtear downV3 PAI3S · σπάω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσπάω + κατα: meaning 'tear down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστήρισενestablishVAI AAI3S · στηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστηρίζω: meaning 'establish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅριονboundaryN2N ASN · ὅριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'boundary'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χήραςwidowN1A GSF · χήραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχήρα: meaning 'widow'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
26
βδέλυγμα κυρίῳ λογισμὸς ἄδικος ἁγνῶν δὲ ῥήσεις σεμναί
An unjust thought is an abomination to the Lord, but the sayings of the pure are noble.
The chapter again unites thought and speech under divine judgment. Purity dignifies utterance, while injustice pollutes even inward reasoning.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λογισμὸςplanN2 NSM · λογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλογισμός: meaning 'plan'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄδικοςunjustA1B NSM · ἄδικοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁγνῶνpureA1 GPM · ἁγνόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁγνός: meaning 'pure'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥήσειςsayingN3I NPF · ῥῆσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥῆσις: meaning 'saying'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σεμναίnobleA1 NPF · σεμνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσεμνός: meaning 'noble'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
27
ἐξόλλυσιν ἑαυτὸν ὁ δωρολήμπτης ὁ δὲ μισῶν δώρων λήμψεις σῴζεται ἐλεημοσύναις καὶ πίστεσιν ἀποκαθαίρονται ἁμαρτίαι τῷ δὲ φόβῳ κυρίου ἐκκλίνει πᾶς ἀπὸ κακοῦ
The bribe-taker destroys himself, but he who hates the taking of gifts is saved; by alms and acts of faithfulness sins are cleansed away, and by the fear of the Lord everyone turns aside from evil.
The proverb begins with bribery and widens into a broader statement about mercy, fidelity, and the fear of God as means of moral cleansing and reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐξόλλυσινdestroyV5 PAI3S · ὄλλυμι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὄλλυμι + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτὸνselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἑαυτὸν: meaning 'self'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δωρολήμπτηςbribe-takerN1M NSM · δωρολήμπτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδωρολήμπτης: meaning 'bribe-taker'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μισῶνπαπνσμ μισέωV2 · παπνσμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ μισέω: meaning 'παπνσμ μισέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δώρωνgiftN2N GPN · δῶρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδῶρον: meaning 'gift'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λήμψειςtakingN3I APF · λῆμψιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλῆμψις: meaning 'taking'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σῴζεταιsaveV1 PPI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλεημοσύναιςalmsN1 DPF · ἐλεημοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'alms'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίστεσινfaithfulnessN3I DPF · πίστιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπίστις: meaning 'faithfulness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀποκαθαίρονταιαἴρω + ἀπο + καταV1 PMI3P · αἴρω + ἀπο + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἴρω + ἀπο + κατα: meaning 'αἴρω + ἀπο + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτίαιἁμαρτίαN1A NPF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'ἁμαρτία'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷὁRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκκλίνειturn asideV1 PAI3S · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςeveryA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸἀπόP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'ἀπό'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακοῦevilA1 GSM · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
28
καρδίαι δικαίων μελετῶσιν πίστεις στόμα δὲ ἀσεβῶν ἀποκρίνεται κακά δεκταὶ παρὰ κυρίῳ ὁδοὶ ἀνθρώπων δικαίων διὰ δὲ αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ ἐχθροὶ φίλοι γίνονται
The hearts of the righteous meditate faithful things, but the mouth of the ungodly answers evils; the ways of righteous men are acceptable before the Lord, and through them even enemies become friends.
Righteousness shapes both inner deliberation and outward relations. The added closing line extends wisdom's effects into reconciliation and public peace.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καρδίαιheartN1A NPF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίωνδίκαιοςA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'δίκαιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μελετῶσινmeditateV3 PAI3P · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμελετάω: meaning 'meditate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πίστειςfaithfulnessN3I APF · πίστιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπίστις: meaning 'faithfulness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποκρίνεταικρίνω + ἀποV1 PMI3S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'κρίνω + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δεκταὶacceptableA1 NPF · δεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεκτός: meaning 'acceptable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰwithP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁδοὶwayN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπωνἄνθρωποςN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'ἄνθρωπος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαίωνδίκαιοςA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'δίκαιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διὰδιάP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'διά'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῶναὐτόςRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱὁRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὶhatredA1A NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'hatred'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φίλοιfriendA1 NPM · φίλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γίνονταιbecomeV1 PMI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
μακρὰν ἀπέχει ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ ἀσεβῶν εὐχαῖς δὲ δικαίων ἐπακούει κρείσσων ὀλίγη λῆμψις μετὰ δικαιοσύνης ἢ πολλὰ γενήματα μετὰ ἀδικίας καρδία ἀνδρὸς λογιζέσθω δίκαια ἵνα ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ διορθωθῇ τὰ διαβήματα αὐτοῦ
God stands far off from the ungodly, but he hears the prayers of the righteous. Better a small gain with righteousness than much produce with injustice. Let a man's heart think righteous things, so that his steps may be set right by God.
The verse gathers prayer, economics, and deliberation into one theological frame. Divine nearness belongs with righteous thought and just acquisition.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
μακρὰνfar offD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'far off'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέχειἔχω + ἀποV1 PAI3S · ἔχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἔχω + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸἀπόP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'ἀπό'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀσεβῶνungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐχαῖςprayerN1 DPF · εὐχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίωνδίκαιοςA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'δίκαιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπακούειhearV1 PAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSF · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀλίγηὀλίγοςA1 NSF · ὀλίγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀλίγος: meaning 'ὀλίγος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λῆμψιςtakingN3I NSF · λῆμψιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλῆμψις: meaning 'taking'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνηςrighteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἢἤC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'ἤ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολλὰπολύςA1 NPN · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'πολύς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γενήματαproduceN3M NPN · γένημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγένημα: meaning 'produce'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδικίαςἀδικίαN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'ἀδικία'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λογιζέσθωthinkV1 PMD3S · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλογίζομαι: meaning 'think'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιαδίκαιοςA1A APN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'δίκαιος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦὁRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διορθωθῇset rightVC APS3S · ὀρθόω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀρθόω + δια: meaning 'set right'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰὁRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβήματαstepsN3M APN · διάβημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιάβημα: meaning 'steps'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦαὐτόςRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
30
θεωρῶν ὀφθαλμὸς καλὰ εὐφραίνει καρδίαν φήμη δὲ ἀγαθὴ πιαίνει ὀστᾶ
An eye that beholds good things gladdens the heart, and good report fattens the bones.
Sight and report alike nourish the inner and bodily life. Encouraging perception becomes a kind of medicine.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
θεωρῶνbeholdingV2 · παπνσμ θεωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ θεωρέω: meaning 'beholding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καλὰgoodA1 APN · καλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐφραίνειrejoiceV1 PAI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φήμηreportN1 NSF · φήμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφήμη: meaning 'report'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὴgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πιαίνειfattensV1 PAI3S · πιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπιαίνω: meaning 'fattens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀστᾶboneN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
32
ὃς ἀπωθεῖται παιδείαν μισεῖ ἑαυτόν ὁ δὲ τηρῶν ἐλέγχους ἀγαπᾷ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ
He who rejects discipline hates himself, but he who keeps reproofs loves his own soul.
The proverb interprets receptivity to correction as self-regard in the deepest sense. Refusal of discipline is therefore a form of self-harm.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὃςhe whoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'he who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπωθεῖταιrejectV2 PMI3S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'reject'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανdisciplineN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μισεῖhateV2 PAI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμισέω: meaning 'hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτόνselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἑαυτόν: meaning 'self'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τηρῶνπαπνσμ τηρέωV2 · παπνσμ τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τηρέω: meaning 'παπνσμ τηρέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλέγχουςreproofN2 APM · ἔλεγχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεγχος: meaning 'reproof'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'loves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦαὐτόςRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
33
φόβος θεοῦ παιδεία καὶ σοφία καὶ ἀρχὴ δόξης ἀποκριθήσεται αὐτῇ
The fear of God is discipline and wisdom, and the beginning of glory will answer to it.
The chapter closes by binding fear of God, teachability, wisdom, and glory into one ordered sequence. Reverence is the threshold from which honor properly grows.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφίασοφίαN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'σοφία'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρχὴbeginningN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποκριθήσεταιwill answer toVC FPI3S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'will answer to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.