1
υἱέ ἐὰν δεξάμενος ῥῆσιν ἐμῆς ἐντολῆς κρύψῃς παρὰ σεαυτῷ
My son, if, after receiving the saying of my command, you hide it beside yourself,
The chapter begins with a conditional appeal to internalize the father's command by receiving it and storing it within.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεξάμενοςhaving receivedVA · αμπνσμ δέχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ δέχομαι: meaning 'having received'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥῆσινsayingN3I ASF · ῥῆσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥῆσις: meaning 'saying'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμῆςmyA1 GSF · ἐμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐντολῆςcommandN1 GSF · ἐντολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐντολή: meaning 'command'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρύψῃςyou hideVA AAS2S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκρύπτω: meaning 'you hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σεαυτῷyourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
ὑπακούσεται σοφίας τὸ οὖς σου καὶ παραβαλεῖς καρδίαν σου εἰς σύνεσιν παραβαλεῖς δὲ αὐτὴν ἐπὶ νουθέτησιν τῷ υἱῷ σου
your ear will listen to wisdom, and you will incline your heart to understanding; and you will apply it as admonition for your son,
The conditional sequence describes wisdom as attentive hearing, inward inclination, and transmissible instruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὑπακούσεταιwill listen toVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'will listen to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖςearN3T NSN · οὖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραβαλεῖςyou will applyVF FAI2S · βάλλω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + παρα: meaning 'you will apply'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παραβαλεῖςyou will applyVF FAI2S · βάλλω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + παρα: meaning 'you will apply'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶforP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νουθέτησινadmonitionN3I ASF · νουθέτησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνουθέτησις: meaning 'admonition'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῷsonN2 DSM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ἐὰν γὰρ τὴν σοφίαν ἐπικαλέσῃ καὶ τῇ συνέσει δῷς φωνήν σου τὴν δὲ αἴσθησιν ζητήσῃς μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ
for if you call upon wisdom and give your voice to understanding, and seek perception with a loud voice,
The son must not remain passive: he is to call, give voice, and cry out for discernment.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπικαλέσῃyou call uponVA AAS3S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'you call upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνέσειunderstandingN3I DSF · σύνεσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δῷςyou giveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'you give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνήνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἴσθησινperceptionN3I ASF · αἴσθησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴσθησις: meaning 'perception'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζητήσῃςyou seekVA AAS2S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyζητέω: meaning 'you seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεγάλῃloudA1 DSF · μέγαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'loud'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
4
καὶ ἐὰν ζητήσῃς αὐτὴν ὡς ἀργύριον καὶ ὡς θησαυροὺς ἐξερευνήσῃς αὐτήν
and if you seek it like silver and search it out like treasures,
The pursuit of wisdom is intensified by treasure-language, making the search costly and deliberate.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζητήσῃςyou seekVA AAS2S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyζητέω: meaning 'you seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θησαυροὺςtreasuresN2 APM · θησαυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'treasures'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξερευνήσῃςyou search outVA AAS2S · ἐρευνάω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐρευνάω + ἐκ: meaning 'you search out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
τότε συνήσεις φόβον κυρίου καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν θεοῦ εὑρήσεις
then you will understand the fear of the Lord and find the knowledge of God.
The promised result of that search is theological: fear of the Lord and the knowledge of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήσειςyou will understandVF FAI2S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵημι + συν: meaning 'you will understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίγνωσινknowledgeN3I ASF · ἐπίγνωσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπίγνωσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὑρήσειςyou will findVF FAI2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'you will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ὅτι κύριος δίδωσιν σοφίαν καὶ ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ γνῶσις καὶ σύνεσις
For the Lord gives wisdom, and from his presence come knowledge and understanding.
This result is grounded in God's own generosity, since wisdom is not self-generated but given by the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίδωσινgivesV8 PAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'gives'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουpresenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'presence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γνῶσιςknowledgeN3I NSF · γνῶσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σύνεσιςunderstandingN3I NSF · σύνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
καὶ θησαυρίζει τοῖς κατορθοῦσι σωτηρίαν ὑπερασπιεῖ τὴν πορείαν αὐτῶν
And he stores up salvation for those who walk rightly; he will shield their path.
The Lord's gift is not abstract; he reserves saving help for the upright and protects their course.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θησαυρίζειstores upV1 PAI3S · θησαυρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθησαυρίζω: meaning 'stores up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςfor those whoRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατορθοῦσιwalk rightlyV4 · παπδπμ ὀρθόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ ὀρθόω + κατα: meaning 'walk rightly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σωτηρίανsalvationN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπερασπιεῖwill shieldVF FAI3S · ἀσπίζω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀσπίζω + ὑπερ: meaning 'will shield'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορείανpathN1A ASF · πορείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπορεία: meaning 'path'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
τοῦ φυλάξαι ὁδοὺς δικαιωμάτων καὶ ὁδὸν εὐλαβουμένων αὐτὸν διαφυλάξει
He will guard the ways of judgments, and he will preserve the way of those who fear him,
Divine wisdom has a preserving function, keeping both just ordinances and the reverent walk of God's people.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάξαιguardVA AAN · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφυλάσσω: meaning 'guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαιωμάτωνof judgmentsN3M GPN · δικαίωμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαίωμα: meaning 'of judgments'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐλαβουμένωνof those who fearV2 · πμπγπμ εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ εὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'of those who fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διαφυλάξειwill preserveVF FAI3S · φυλάσσω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφυλάσσω + δια: meaning 'will preserve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
τότε συνήσεις δικαιοσύνην καὶ κρίμα καὶ κατορθώσεις πάντας ἄξονας ἀγαθούς
then you will understand righteousness and judgment, and you will set right every good course.
The search for wisdom matures into moral competence, enabling the hearer to recognize and pursue good paths.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήσειςyou will understandVF FAI2S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵημι + συν: meaning 'you will understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατορθώσειςyou will set rightVF FAI2S · ὀρθόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀρθόω + κατα: meaning 'you will set right'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταςeveryA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄξοναςcoursesN3N APM · ἄξωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄξων: meaning 'courses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαθούςgoodA1 APM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
ἐὰν γὰρ ἔλθῃ ἡ σοφία εἰς σὴν διάνοιαν ἡ δὲ αἴσθησις τῇ σῇ ψυχῇ καλὴ εἶναι δόξῃ
For if wisdom comes into your mind, and perception seems good to your soul,
The chapter now turns inward, imagining wisdom taking residence within the learner's mind and soul.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλθῃcomesVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι: meaning 'comes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὴνyourA1 ASF · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διάνοιανmindN1A ASF · διάνοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιάνοια: meaning 'mind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἴσθησιςperceptionN3I NSF · αἴσθησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἴσθησις: meaning 'perception'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῇyourA1 DSF · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καλὴgoodA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόξῃseemsVA AAS3S · δοκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδοκέω: meaning 'seems'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
βουλὴ καλὴ φυλάξει σε ἔννοια δὲ ὁσία τηρήσει σε
good counsel will guard you, and holy understanding will keep you,
Once wisdom is internalized, prudence itself becomes an active guardian.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καλὴgoodA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φυλάξειwill guardVF FAI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφυλάσσω: meaning 'will guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔννοιαunderstandingN1A NSF · ἔννοιαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔννοια: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁσίαholyA1A NSF · ὅσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τηρήσειwill keepVF FAI3S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτηρέω: meaning 'will keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ἵνα ῥύσηταί σε ἀπὸ ὁδοῦ κακῆς καὶ ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς λαλοῦντος μηδὲν πιστόν
so that it may rescue you from an evil way and from a man speaking nothing trustworthy,
The first protective purpose is deliverance from the evil road and from perverse, unreliable speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥύσηταίit may rescueVA AMS3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyῥύομαι: meaning 'it may rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδοῦwayN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κακῆςevilA1 GSF · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λαλοῦντοςspeakingV2 · παπγσμ λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ λαλέω: meaning 'speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδὲνnothingA3P ASN · μηδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμηδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πιστόνtrustworthyA1 ASN · πιστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπιστός: meaning 'trustworthy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
ὦ οἱ ἐγκαταλείποντες ὁδοὺς εὐθείας τοῦ πορεύεσθαι ἐν ὁδοῖς σκότους
from those who abandon straight paths in order to walk in ways of darkness,
The dangerous men are identified as those who trade straight paths for dark ones.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὦnamelyI · ὦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὦ: meaning 'namely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthose whoRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγκαταλείποντεςabandonV1 · παπνπμ λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'abandon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐθείαςstraightA3U GSF · εὐθύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορεύεσθαιto walkV1 PMN · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι: meaning 'to walk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδοῖςwaysN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σκότουςof darknessN3E GSN · σκότοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκότος: meaning 'of darkness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
οἱ εὐφραινόμενοι ἐπὶ κακοῖς καὶ χαίροντες ἐπὶ διαστροφῇ κακῇ
who rejoice over evils and delight in evil perversity,
Their corruption is not accidental; they actively celebrate evil and twisted conduct.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οἱthose whoRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐφραινόμενοιrejoicingV1 · πμπνπμ εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ εὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoicing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶforP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακοῖςevilsA1 DPM · κακόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαίροντεςdelightingV1 · παπνπμ χαίρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ χαίρω: meaning 'delighting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶforP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαστροφῇperversityN1 DSF · διαστροφήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιαστροφή: meaning 'perversity'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κακῇevilA1 DSF · κακόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
15
ὧν αἱ τρίβοι σκολιαὶ καὶ καμπύλαι αἱ τροχιαὶ αὐτῶν
whose tracks are crooked and whose wheel-ruts are bent,
Their moral deformation is pictured spatially in crooked tracks and bent ruts.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὧνwhoseRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'whose'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίβοιtracksN2 NPF · τρίβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρίβος: meaning 'tracks'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σκολιαὶcrookedA1A NPF · σκολιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκολιός: meaning 'crooked'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καμπύλαιbentA1 NPF · καμπύλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαμπύλος: meaning 'bent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχιαὶrutsN1A NPF · τροχιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχιά: meaning 'ruts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
τοῦ μακράν σε ποιῆσαι ἀπὸ ὁδοῦ εὐθείας καὶ ἀλλότριον τῆς δικαίας γνώμης
to make you far from a straight way and a stranger to righteous judgment,
Wisdom's guarding also keeps the son from becoming estranged from straight paths and right judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μακράνfarD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακράν: meaning 'far'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιῆσαιto makeVA AAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'to make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδοῦwayN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐθείαςstraightA3U GSF · εὐθύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλλότριονa strangerA1A ASM · ἀλλότριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'a stranger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίαςrighteousA1A GSF · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γνώμηςjudgmentN1 GSF · γνώμηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγνώμη: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
υἱέ μή σε καταλάβῃ κακὴ βουλὴ ἡ ἀπολείπουσα διδασκαλίαν νεότητος καὶ διαθήκην θείαν ἐπιλελησμένη
My son, let not evil counsel overtake you, the counsel that abandons the teaching of youth and has forgotten the divine covenant.
The chapter sharpens the warning by personifying evil counsel as covenant-forgetting betrayal.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μήdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταλάβῃovertakeVB AAS3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'overtake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακὴevilA1 NSF · κακόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπολείπουσαabandoningV1 · παπνσφ λείπω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ λείπω + ἀπο: meaning 'abandoning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διδασκαλίανteachingN1A ASF · διδασκαλίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιδασκαλία: meaning 'teaching'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νεότητοςof youthN3T GSF · νεότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεότης: meaning 'of youth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θείανdivineA1A ASF · θεῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεῖος: meaning 'divine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιλελησμένηhaving forgottenVM · χμπνσφ λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσφ λανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'having forgotten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
ἔθετο γὰρ παρὰ τῷ θανάτῳ τὸν οἶκον αὐτῆς καὶ παρὰ τῷ ᾅδῃ μετὰ τῶν γηγενῶν τοὺς ἄξονας αὐτῆς
For it has set its house beside death, and its tracks beside Hades among those born of the earth.
That counsel is deadly because its household and pathways are lodged beside death and Hades.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἔθετοhas setVEI AMI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'has set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θανάτῳdeathN2 DSM · θάνατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾅδῃHadesN1M DSM · ᾅδηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceᾅδης: meaning 'Hades'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γηγενῶνearthbornA3H GPM · γηγενήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγηγενής: meaning 'earthborn'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄξοναςcoursesN3N APM · ἄξωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄξων: meaning 'courses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
πάντες οἱ πορευόμενοι ἐν αὐτῇ οὐκ ἀναστρέψουσιν οὐδὲ μὴ καταλάβωσιν τρίβους εὐθείας οὐ γὰρ καταλαμβάνονται ὑπὸ ἐνιαυτῶν ζωῆς
All who walk in it will not return, nor will they overtake straight paths, for they are not grasped by years of life.
Those who enter that way do not come back to upright paths; life does not lay hold of them again.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱthose whoRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορευόμενοιwalkingV1 · πμπνπμ πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ πορεύομαι: meaning 'walking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇin itRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'in it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστρέψουσινwill returnVF FAI3P · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'will return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλάβωσινwill overtakeVB AAS3P · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'will overtake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρίβουςpathsN2 APF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐθείαςstraightA3U GSF · εὐθύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλαμβάνονταιare graspedV1 PMI3P · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'are grasped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐνιαυτῶνyearsN2 GPM · ἐνιαυτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός: meaning 'years'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
εἰ γὰρ ἐπορεύοντο τρίβους ἀγαθάς εὕροσαν ἂν τρίβους δικαιοσύνης λείους
For if they had walked good tracks, they would have found smooth paths of righteousness.
The poem briefly states the unrealized alternative: good walking would have led to smooth righteous paths.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύοντοthey had walkedV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'they had walked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρίβουςpathsN2 APF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαθάςgoodA1 APF · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὕροσανthey would have foundVA AAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'they would have found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἂνwouldX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'would'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίβουςpathsN2 APF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λείουςsmoothA1B APF · λεῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλεῖος: meaning 'smooth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
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χρηστοὶ ἔσονται οἰκήτορες γῆς ἄκακοι δὲ ὑπολειφθήσονται ἐν αὐτῇ ὅτι εὐθεῖς κατασκηνώσουσι γῆν καὶ ὅσιοι ὑπολειφθήσονται ἐν αὐτῇ
The good will be inhabitants of the land, and the guileless will remain in it, because the upright will dwell in the land and the holy will remain in it.
The chapter closes the righteous side of the contrast with settled dwelling in the land for the good, upright, and holy.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
χρηστοὶthe goodA1 NPM · χρηστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρηστός: meaning 'the good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσονταιwill beVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἰκήτορεςinhabitantsN3R NPM · οἰκήτωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰκήτωρ: meaning 'inhabitants'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γῆςof the landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'of the land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄκακοιguilelessA1B NPM · ἄκακοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄκακος: meaning 'guileless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπολειφθήσονταιwill remainVV FPI3P · λείπω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'will remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇin itRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'in it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐθεῖςuprightA3U NPM · εὐθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθύς: meaning 'upright'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατασκηνώσουσιwill dwellVF FAI3P · σκηνόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκηνόω + κατα: meaning 'will dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνthe landN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'the land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσιοιholyA1A NPM · ὅσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπολειφθήσονταιwill remainVV FPI3P · λείπω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'will remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇin itRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'in it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
ὁδοὶ ἀσεβῶν ἐκ γῆς ὀλοῦνται οἱ δὲ παράνομοι ἐξωσθήσονται ἀπ' αὐτῆς
But the ways of the ungodly will perish from the land, and the lawless will be driven out from it.
The final line answers the promise with expulsion: the ungodly and lawless lose their place in the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςof the landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'of the land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀλοῦνταιwill perishVF2 FMI3P · ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὄλλυμι: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱthose whoRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράνομοιthe lawlessA1B NPM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'the lawless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξωσθήσονταιwill be driven outVC FPI3P · ὠθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὠθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'will be driven out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.