1
υἱέ ἐμῶν νομίμων μὴ ἐπιλανθάνου τὰ δὲ ῥήματά μου τηρείτω σὴ καρδία
My son, do not forget my ordinances, but let your heart keep my words,
The opening charge binds memory and inward obedience together: wisdom begins by holding the father's words in the heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐμῶνmyA1 GPN · ἐμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νομίμωνordinancesA1 GPN · νόμιμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνόμιμος: meaning 'ordinances'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλανθάνουforgetV1 PMD2S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥήματάwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τηρείτωlet it keepV2 PAD3S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτηρέω: meaning 'let it keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὴyourA1 NSF · σόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
μῆκος γὰρ βίου καὶ ἔτη ζωῆς καὶ εἰρήνην προσθήσουσίν σοι
for length of life and years of life and peace will be added to you.
Obedient remembrance is commended by the promise of long life and peace.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μῆκοςlengthN3E ASN · μῆκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμῆκος: meaning 'length'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βίουof lifeN2 GSM · βίοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβίος: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
προσθήσουσίνwill addVF FAI3P · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι + προς: meaning 'will add'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ἐλεημοσύναι καὶ πίστεις μὴ ἐκλιπέτωσάν σε ἄφαψαι δὲ αὐτὰς ἐπὶ σῷ τραχήλῳ καὶ εὑρήσεις χάριν
Let acts of mercy and faithfulness not fail you, but fasten them upon your neck, and you will find favor,
Mercy and fidelity are pictured as visible, wearable virtues that accompany the disciple publicly.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐλεημοσύναιmerciesN1 NPF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'mercies'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίστειςfaithfulnessesN3I NPF · πίστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπίστις: meaning 'faithfulnesses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλιπέτωσάνlet them failVB AAD3P · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'let them fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄφαψαιfastenVA AAN · ἅπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἅπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'fasten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σῷyourA1 DSM · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τραχήλῳneckN2 DSM · τράχηλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρήσειςyou will findVF FAI2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'you will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
καὶ προνοοῦ καλὰ ἐνώπιον κυρίου καὶ ἀνθρώπων
and provide good things before the Lord and human beings.
The virtues fastened on the life become conduct recognized as good before God and people alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προνοοῦprovideV2 PMD2S · νοέω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateνοέω + προ: meaning 'provide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλὰgood thingsA1 APN · καλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνώπιονbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουthe LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνθρώπωνhuman beingsN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human beings'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
ἴσθι πεποιθὼς ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ ἐπὶ θεῷ ἐπὶ δὲ σῇ σοφίᾳ μὴ ἐπαίρου
Be trusting in God with your whole heart, and do not exalt yourself in your own wisdom.
The chapter pivots from general instruction to radical trust in God rather than self-confident wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἴσθιbeV9 PAD2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεποιθὼςtrustingVX · χαπνσμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'trusting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὅλῃwholeA1 DSF · ὅλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σῇyourA1 DSF · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σοφίᾳwisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαίρουexalt yourselfV1 PMD2S · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'exalt yourself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ἐν πάσαις ὁδοῖς σου γνώριζε αὐτήν ἵνα ὀρθοτομῇ τὰς ὁδούς σου ὁ δὲ πούς σου οὐ μὴ προσκόπτῃ
In all your ways acknowledge her, so that she may make your paths straight, and your foot will not stumble.
Wisdom acknowledged in every path becomes the means by which the way is straightened and stumbling avoided.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσαιςallA1S DPF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁδοῖςwaysN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γνώριζεacknowledgeV1 PAD2S · γνωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγνωρίζω: meaning 'acknowledge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθοτομῇmay make straightV2 PAS3S · ὀρθοτομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀρθοτομέω: meaning 'may make straight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδούςpathsN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πούςfootN3D NSM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκόπτῃmay stumbleV1 PAS3S · σκόπτω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσκόπτω + προς: meaning 'may stumble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
μὴ ἴσθι φρόνιμος παρὰ σεαυτῷ φοβοῦ δὲ τὸν θεὸν καὶ ἔκκλινε ἀπὸ παντὸς κακοῦ
Do not be wise in your own sight, but fear God and turn away from every evil.
Self-wisdom is rejected in favor of reverence and moral departure from evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴσθιbeV9 PAD2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φρόνιμοςwiseA1B NSM · φρόνιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνιμος: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰin your own sightP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'in your own sight'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σεαυτῷyourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκκλινεturn awayV1 PAD2S · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κακοῦevilA1 GSM · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
τότε ἴασις ἔσται τῷ σώματί σου καὶ ἐπιμέλεια τοῖς ὀστέοις σου
Then there will be healing for your body and care for your bones.
The fruit of reverent humility is expressed as bodily wholeness and inward strengthening.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴασις: meaning 'healing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷfor theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σώματίbodyN3M DSN · σῶμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιμέλειαcareN1A NSF · ἐπιμέλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιμέλεια: meaning 'care'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςfor theRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀστέοιςbonesN2N DPN · ὀστέονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
τίμα τὸν κύριον ἀπὸ σῶν δικαίων πόνων καὶ ἀπάρχου αὐτῷ ἀπὸ σῶν καρπῶν δικαιοσύνης
Honor the Lord from your righteous labors, and offer him firstfruits from your fruits of righteousness,
Piety must also govern possessions, so the Lord is honored from just labor and firstfruits.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τίμαhonorV3 PAD2S · τιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτιμάω: meaning 'honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σῶνyourA1 GPM · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαίωνrighteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πόνωνlaborsN2 GPM · πόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόνος: meaning 'labors'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπάρχουoffer firstfruitsV1 PMD2S · ἄρχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἄρχω + ἀπο: meaning 'offer firstfruits'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σῶνyourA1 GPM · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καρπῶνfruitsN2 GPM · καρπόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
10
ἵνα πίμπληται τὰ ταμίειά σου πλησμονῆς σίτου οἴνῳ δὲ αἱ ληνοί σου ἐκβλύζωσιν
so that your storehouses may be filled with fullness of grain, and your winepresses may gush with wine.
The offering command carries an agricultural promise of full barns and overflowing presses.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίμπληταιmay be filledV6 PMS3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίμπλημι: meaning 'may be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταμίειάstorehousesN2N APN · ταμιεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταμιεῖον: meaning 'storehouses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλησμονῆςwith fullnessN1 GSF · πλησμονήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλησμονή: meaning 'with fullness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σίτουof grainN2 GSM · σῖτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσῖτος: meaning 'of grain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἴνῳwith wineN2 DSM · οἶνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶνος: meaning 'with wine'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ληνοίwinepressesN2 NPF · ληνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceληνός: meaning 'winepresses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκβλύζωσινmay gush forthV1 PAS3P · βλύζω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβλύζω + ἐκ: meaning 'may gush forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
υἱέ μὴ ὀλιγώρει παιδείας κυρίου μηδὲ ἐκλύου ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος
My son, do not make light of the Lord's discipline, nor grow faint when reproved by him,
A new section opens by teaching the son how to receive correction without contempt or collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλιγώρειmake light ofV2 PAD2S · ὀλιγωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὀλιγωρέω: meaning 'make light of'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείαςdisciplineN1A GSF · παιδείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουthe LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλύουgrow faintV1 PPD2S · λύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλύω + ἐκ: meaning 'grow faint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλεγχόμενοςbeing reprovedV1 · πμπνσμ ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἐλέγχω: meaning 'being reproved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ὃν γὰρ ἀγαπᾷ κύριος παιδεύει μαστιγοῖ δὲ πάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται
for whom the Lord loves he disciplines, and he scourges every son whom he receives.
Discipline is interpreted through filial love: correction proves reception rather than abandonment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'loves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παιδεύειdisciplinesV1 PAI3S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπαιδεύω: meaning 'disciplines'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαστιγοῖscourgesV4 PAI3S · μαστιγόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμαστιγόω: meaning 'scourges'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταeveryA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παραδέχεταιreceivesV1 PMI3S · δέχομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέχομαι + παρα: meaning 'receives'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
μακάριος ἄνθρωπος ὃς εὗρεν σοφίαν καὶ θνητὸς ὃς εἶδεν φρόνησιν
Blessed is the man who found wisdom, and the mortal who saw understanding,
The chapter turns into praise, pronouncing blessedness on the one who truly finds wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνθρωποςmanN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὗρενfoundVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θνητὸςmortalA1 NSM · θνητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθνητός: meaning 'mortal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φρόνησινunderstandingN3I ASF · φρόνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
κρεῖττον γὰρ αὐτὴν ἐμπορεύεσθαι ἢ χρυσίου καὶ ἀργυρίου θησαυρούς
for to trade for her is better than treasures of gold and silver.
Wisdom's worth is established by commercial comparison: she exceeds accumulated precious wealth.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
κρεῖττονbetterA3C ASN · κρείσσωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμπορεύεσθαιto trade forV1 PMN · πορεύομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι + ἐν: meaning 'to trade for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢthanC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'than'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίουof goldN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'of gold'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργυρίουof silverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'of silver'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θησαυρούςtreasuresN2 APM · θησαυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'treasures'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
τιμιωτέρα δέ ἐστιν λίθων πολυτελῶν οὐκ ἀντιτάξεται αὐτῇ οὐδὲν πονηρόν εὔγνωστός ἐστιν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἐγγίζουσιν αὐτῇ πᾶν δὲ τίμιον οὐκ ἄξιον αὐτῆς ἐστιν
And she is more precious than costly stones; no evil thing can stand against her. She is well-known to all who draw near to her, and nothing precious is worthy of her.
The hymn expands her superiority, portraying wisdom as incomparable, approachable, and beyond all precious valuation.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
τιμιωτέραmore preciousA1A APNC · τίμιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτίμιος: meaning 'more precious'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δέandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λίθωνthan stonesN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'than stones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολυτελῶνcostlyA3H GPM · πολυτελήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολυτελής: meaning 'costly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀντιτάξεταιwill stand againstVF FMI3S · τάσσω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτάσσω + ἀντι: meaning 'will stand against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πονηρόνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὔγνωστόςwell-knownA1B NSM · εὔγνωστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὔγνωστος: meaning 'well-known'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσινto allA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'to all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγγίζουσινwho draw nearV1 PAI3P · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγγίζω: meaning 'who draw near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πᾶνeveryA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίμιονprecious thingA1A NSN · τίμιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτίμιος: meaning 'precious thing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξιονworthyA1A NSN · ἄξιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
μῆκος γὰρ βίου καὶ ἔτη ζωῆς ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτῆς ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀριστερᾷ αὐτῆς πλοῦτος καὶ δόξα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῆς ἐκπορεύεται δικαιοσύνη νόμον δὲ καὶ ἔλεον ἐπὶ γλώσσης φορεῖ
For in her right hand are length of life and years of life; and in her left hand are riches and glory. From her mouth comes forth righteousness, and on her tongue she bears law and mercy.
Wisdom is personified as a royal lady whose hands and speech dispense the blessings of ordered life.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
μῆκοςlengthN3E ASN · μῆκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμῆκος: meaning 'length'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βίουof lifeN2 GSM · βίοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβίος: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιᾷright handA1A DSF · δεξιόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀριστερᾷleft handA1A DSF · ἀριστερόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀριστερός: meaning 'left hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλοῦτοςrichesN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'riches'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκπορεύεταιcomes forthV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'comes forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεονmercyN2 ASM · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φορεῖbearsV2 PAI3S · φορέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφορέω: meaning 'bears'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτῆς ὁδοὶ καλαί καὶ πάντες οἱ τρίβοι αὐτῆς ἐν εἰρήνῃ
Her ways are good ways, and all her paths are in peace.
The hymn condenses her character into peaceful and beautiful paths.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καλαίgoodA1 NPF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίβοιpathsN2 NPM · τρίβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εἰρήνῃin peaceN1 DSF · εἰρήνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'in peace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
18
ξύλον ζωῆς ἐστι πᾶσι τοῖς ἀντεχομένοις αὐτῆς καὶ τοῖς ἐπερειδομένοις ἐπ' αὐτὴν ὡς ἐπὶ κύριον ἀσφαλής
She is a tree of life to all who lay hold of her, and secure to those who lean upon her as upon the Lord.
Wisdom is cast in Edenic imagery as a tree of life that gives secure support to those who cling to her.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ξύλονtreeN2N NSN · ξύλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceξύλον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστιisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσιto allA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'to all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀντεχομένοιςlaying holdV1 · πμπδπμ ἔχω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδπμ ἔχω + ἀντι: meaning 'laying hold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπερειδομένοιςleaningV1 · πμπδπμ ἐρείδω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδπμ ἐρείδω + ἐπι: meaning 'leaning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσφαλήςsecureA3H NSM · ἀσφαλήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσφαλής: meaning 'secure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
19
ὁ θεὸς τῇ σοφίᾳ ἐθεμελίωσεν τὴν γῆν ἡτοίμασεν δὲ οὐρανοὺς ἐν φρονήσει
God founded the earth by wisdom, and by understanding he prepared the heavens.
The praise rises to cosmology: wisdom is embedded in the very founding of earth and sky.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίᾳwisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐθεμελίωσενfoundedV4I AAI3S · θεμελιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθεμελιόω: meaning 'founded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡτοίμασενpreparedVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐρανοὺςheavensN2 APM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heavens'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φρονήσειby understandingN3I DSF · φρόνησιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφρόνησις: meaning 'by understanding'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
20
ἐν αἰσθήσει ἄβυσσοι ἐρράγησαν νέφη δὲ ἐρρύησαν δρόσους
By perception the abysses were split open, and the clouds poured out dew.
The created order continues to testify to wisdom through the ordered bursting of depths and falling of dew.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰσθήσειby perceptionN3I DSF · αἴσθησιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἴσθησις: meaning 'by perception'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἄβυσσοιabyssesN2 NPM · ἄβυσσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄβυσσος: meaning 'abysses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐρράγησανwere split openVDI API3P · ῥήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥήγνυμι: meaning 'were split open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νέφηcloudsN3E NPN · νέφοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνέφος: meaning 'clouds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρρύησανpoured outVAI AAI3P · ῥέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥέω: meaning 'poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δρόσουςdewsN2 APF · δρόσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδρόσος: meaning 'dews'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
21
υἱέ μὴ παραρρυῇς τήρησον δὲ ἐμὴν βουλὴν καὶ ἔννοιαν
My son, do not drift away; keep my counsel and understanding,
The poem returns from creation to exhortation, warning the son not to let wisdom slip away.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραρρυῇςdrift awayV2 PAS2S · ῥέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyῥέω + παρα: meaning 'drift away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τήρησονkeepVA AAD2S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτηρέω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμὴνmyA1 ASF · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βουλὴνcounselN1 ASF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔννοιανunderstandingN1A ASF · ἔννοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔννοια: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
22
ἵνα ζήσῃ ἡ ψυχή σου καὶ χάρις ᾖ περὶ σῷ τραχήλῳ ἔσται δὲ ἴασις ταῖς σαρξί σου καὶ ἐπιμέλεια τοῖς σοῖς ὀστέοις
so that your soul may live and grace may be around your neck; and there will be healing for your flesh and care for your bones.
Retained counsel becomes life, adornment, and bodily restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζήσῃmay liveVF FMI2S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζάω: meaning 'may live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾖmay beV9 PAS3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἰμί: meaning 'may be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶaroundP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'around'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σῷyourA1 DS · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τραχήλῳneckN2 DSM · τράχηλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴασις: meaning 'healing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ταῖςfor theRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαρξίfleshN3K DPF · σάρξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιμέλειαcareN1A NSF · ἐπιμέλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιμέλεια: meaning 'care'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςfor theRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοῖςyourA1 DP · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀστέοιςbonesN2N DPN · ὀστέονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
23
ἵνα πορεύῃ πεποιθὼς ἐν εἰρήνῃ πάσας τὰς ὁδούς σου ὁ δὲ πούς σου οὐ μὴ προσκόψῃ
so that you may walk all your ways in peace with confidence, and your foot will not stumble.
Wisdom's preservation extends to the practical security of daily movement.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύῃyou may walkV1 PAS3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπορεύομαι: meaning 'you may walk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεποιθὼςtrustingVX · χαπνσμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'trusting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εἰρήνῃin peaceN1 DSF · εἰρήνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'in peace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδούςpathsN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πούςfootN3D NSM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκόψῃmay stumbleVF FMI2S · κόπτω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκόπτω + προς: meaning 'may stumble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
ἐὰν γὰρ κάθῃ ἄφοβος ἔσῃ ἐὰν δὲ καθεύδῃς ἡδέως ὑπνώσεις
For if you sit down, you will be without fear; and if you sleep, you will sleep sweetly.
The security promised by wisdom reaches even into ordinary rest and sleep.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κάθῃyou sit downV5 PMS2S · ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'you sit down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄφοβοςwithout fearA1B NSM · ἄφοβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφοβος: meaning 'without fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσῃyou will beVF FMI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'you will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθεύδῃςyou sleepV1 PAS2S · εὕδω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὕδω + κατα: meaning 'you sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡδέωςsweetlyD · ἡδέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡδέως: meaning 'sweetly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπνώσειςyou will sleepVF FAI2S · ὑπνόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑπνόω: meaning 'you will sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
καὶ οὐ φοβηθήσῃ πτόησιν ἐπελθοῦσαν οὐδὲ ὁρμὰς ἀσεβῶν ἐπερχομένας
And you will not fear sudden terror, nor the assaults of the ungodly when they come.
The righteous are pictured as unshaken even when external threats arrive suddenly.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβηθήσῃyou will fearVC FPI2S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφοβέω: meaning 'you will fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτόησινterrorN3I ASF · πτόησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτόησις: meaning 'terror'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπελθοῦσανcoming uponVB · ααπασφ ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασφ ἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'coming upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁρμὰςrushesN1 APF · ὁρμήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁρμή: meaning 'rushes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπερχομέναςcoming onV1 · πμπαπφ ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπφ ἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'coming on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
ὁ γὰρ κύριος ἔσται ἐπὶ πασῶν ὁδῶν σου καὶ ἐρείσει σὸν πόδα ἵνα μὴ σαλευθῇς
For the Lord will be over all your ways, and he will steady your foot so that you may not be shaken.
The ultimate reason for that fearlessness is the Lord's own stabilizing presence over the disciple's path.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πασῶνallA1S GPF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁδῶνwaysN2 GPF · ὁδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρείσειwill steadyVF FAI3S · ἐρείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐρείδω: meaning 'will steady'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πόδαfootN3D ASM · πούςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαλευθῇςyou may be shakenVC APP2S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationσαλεύω: meaning 'you may be shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
μὴ ἀπόσχῃ εὖ ποιεῖν ἐνδεῆ ἡνίκα ἂν ἔχῃ ἡ χείρ σου βοηθεῖν
Do not withhold doing good to the needy whenever your hand has the power to help.
The chapter narrows into neighbor-ethics: available help must not be delayed or refused.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπόσχῃwithholdVB AAS3S · ἔχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'withhold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὖgoodD · εὖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖ: meaning 'good'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιεῖνto doV2 PAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'to do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνδεῆthe needyA3H ASM · ἐνδεήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐνδεής: meaning 'the needy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡνίκαwheneverD · ἡνίκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχῃhasV1 PAS3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔχω: meaning 'has'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βοηθεῖνto helpV2 PAN · βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβοηθέω: meaning 'to help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
μὴ εἴπης ἐπανελθὼν ἐπάνηκε καὶ αὔριον δώσω δυνατοῦ σου ὄντος εὖ ποιεῖν οὐ γὰρ οἶδας τί τέξεται ἡ ἐπιοῦσα
Do not say, 'Go away and come back, and tomorrow I will give,' when it is in your power to do good; for you do not know what the coming day will bring forth.
Practical procrastination is condemned because tomorrow is uncertain and today's ability imposes responsibility.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπηςyou sayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'you say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπανελθὼνafter returningVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαι + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἔρχομαι + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'after returning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπάνηκεcome backV1 PAD2S · ἥκω + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἥκω + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'come back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὔριονtomorrowD · αὔριονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastαὔριον: meaning 'tomorrow'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωI will giveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'I will give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δυνατοῦpossibleA1 GSM · δυνατόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδυνατός: meaning 'possible'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄντοςbeingV9 · παπγσμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὖgoodD · εὖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖ: meaning 'good'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιεῖνto doV2 PAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'to do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶδαςyou knowVX XAI2S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'you know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τέξεταιwill bring forthVF FMI3S · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίκτω: meaning 'will bring forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιοῦσαcoming dayV9 · παπνσφ εἶμι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ εἶμι + ἐπι: meaning 'coming day'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
μὴ τεκτήνῃ ἐπὶ σὸν φίλον κακὰ παροικοῦντα καὶ πεποιθότα ἐπὶ σοί
Do not contrive evils against your friend who lives nearby and trusts in you.
Trusting proximity makes malice against a neighbor especially treacherous.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεκτήνῃcontriveVB AMS2S · τεκταίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτεκταίνω: meaning 'contrive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φίλονfriendA1 ASM · φίλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κακὰevilsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παροικοῦνταliving nearbyV2 · παπασμ οἰκέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ οἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'living nearby'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεποιθόταtrustingVX · χαπασμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπασμ πείθω: meaning 'trusting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοίin youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'in you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
30
μὴ φιλεχθρήσῃς πρὸς ἄνθρωπον μάτην μή τι εἰς σὲ ἐργάσηται κακόν
Do not become hostile to a man without cause, lest he has done some evil against you.
Groundless quarrels are forbidden unless genuine injury has first taken place.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φιλεχθρήσῃςbe hostileVA AAS2S · φιλεχθρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφιλεχθρέω: meaning 'be hostile'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μάτηνwithout causeD · μάτηνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμάτην: meaning 'without cause'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μήlestD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: meaning 'lest'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιsomethingRI ASN · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτι: meaning 'something'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςagainstP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐργάσηταιhas doneVA AMS3S · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐργάζομαι: meaning 'has done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακόνevilA1 ASN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
31
μὴ κτήσῃ κακῶν ἀνδρῶν ὀνείδη μηδὲ ζηλώσῃς τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῶν
Do not acquire the reproaches of evil men, nor be jealous of their ways.
The disciple must not imitate or envy the apparent force of violent men.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτήσῃacquireVA AMS2S · κτάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκτάομαι: meaning 'acquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακῶνof evilA1 GPM · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'of evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνδρῶνmenN3 GPM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀνείδηreproachesN3E APN · ὄνειδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνειδος: meaning 'reproaches'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζηλώσῃςbe jealousVA AAS2S · ζηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyζηλόω: meaning 'be jealous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
32
ἀκάθαρτος γὰρ ἔναντι κυρίου πᾶς παράνομος ἐν δὲ δικαίοις οὐ συνεδριάζει
For every lawless person is unclean before the Lord, but he does not take counsel with the righteous.
The reason for refusing envy is theological: lawlessness is abominable before the Lord and excluded from his intimate counsel.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀκάθαρτοςuncleanA1B NSM · ἀκάθαρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκάθαρτος: meaning 'unclean'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔναντιbeforeD · ἔναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔναντι: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουthe LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πᾶςeveryA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παράνομοςlawlessA1B NSM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίοιςthe righteousA1A DPM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'the righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεδριάζειtakes counselV1 PAI3S · συνεδριάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσυνεδριάζω: meaning 'takes counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
33
κατάρα θεοῦ ἐν οἴκοις ἀσεβῶν ἐπαύλεις δὲ δικαίων εὐλογοῦνται
The curse of God is in the houses of the ungodly, but the dwellings of the righteous are blessed.
A house-contrast makes the moral divide visible in domestic terms: curse for the ungodly, blessing for the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
κατάραcurseN1A NSF · κατάραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκατάρα: meaning 'curse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴκοιςhousesN2 DPM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπαύλειςdwellingsN3I NPF · ἔπαυλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔπαυλις: meaning 'dwellings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίωνrighteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐλογοῦνταιare blessedV2 PMP3P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationεὐλογέω: meaning 'are blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
34
κύριος ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν
The Lord opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.
The chapter distills its ethic into divine posture: resistance toward pride and favor toward humility.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπερηφάνοιςthe proudA1B DPM · ὑπερήφανοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑπερήφανος: meaning 'the proud'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀντιτάσσεταιopposesV1 PMI3S · τάσσω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτάσσω + ἀντι: meaning 'opposes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταπεινοῖςthe humbleA1 DPM · ταπεινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταπεινός: meaning 'the humble'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίδωσινgivesV8 PAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'gives'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
35
δόξαν σοφοὶ κληρονομήσουσιν οἱ δὲ ἀσεβεῖς ὕψωσαν ἀτιμίαν
The wise will inherit glory, but the ungodly have exalted dishonor.
The final antithesis leaves the reader with the two inheritances: glory for the wise and shame for the ungodly.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σοφοὶthe wiseA1 NPM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'the wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κληρονομήσουσινwill inheritVF FAI3P · κληρονομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκληρονομέω: meaning 'will inherit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖςthe ungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'the ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὕψωσανhave exaltedVA AAI3P · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὑψόω: meaning 'have exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀτιμίανdishonorN1A ASF · ἀτιμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.