1
ἀκούσατε παῖδες παιδείαν πατρὸς καὶ προσέχετε γνῶναι ἔννοιαν
Hear, children, a father's instruction, and attend so as to know understanding,
The chapter opens with a direct public summons that frames the father as instructor and the hearers as sons under training.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παῖδεςchildrenN3D VPM · παῖςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressπαῖς: meaning 'children'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
παιδείανinstructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'instruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πατρὸςof a fatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'of a father'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέχετεattendV1 PAD2P · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'attend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γνῶναιto knowVZ AAN · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω: meaning 'to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔννοιανunderstandingN1A ASF · ἔννοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔννοια: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
δῶρον γὰρ ἀγαθὸν δωροῦμαι ὑμῖν τὸν ἐμὸν νόμον μὴ ἐγκαταλίπητε
for I give you a good gift; do not abandon my law.
The summons is grounded in the goodness of the teaching itself, presented as a gift rather than a burden.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δῶρονgiftN2N ASN · δῶρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδῶρον: meaning 'gift'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 ASN · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δωροῦμαιI giveV2 PMI1S · δωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδωρέω: meaning 'I give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμὸνmyA1 ASM · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλίπητεabandonVB AAS2P · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'abandon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
υἱὸς γὰρ ἐγενόμην κἀγὼ πατρὶ ὑπήκοος καὶ ἀγαπώμενος ἐν προσώπῳ μητρός
For I too became a son to my father, obedient and beloved before my mother,
The speaker legitimates his teaching by recalling his own former place as an obedient, beloved son.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενόμηνI becameVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'I became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κἀγὼI tooC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἀγὼ: meaning 'I too'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατρὶto my fatherN3 DSM · πατήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: meaning 'to my father'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑπήκοοςobedientN2 NSM · ὑπήκοοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπήκοος: meaning 'obedient'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαπώμενοςbelovedV3 · πππνσμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππνσμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'beloved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνbeforeP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπῳfaceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μητρόςof my motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of my mother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
οἳ ἔλεγον καὶ ἐδίδασκόν με ἐρειδέτω ὁ ἡμέτερος λόγος εἰς σὴν καρδίαν
who were speaking and teaching me: 'Let our word press into your heart,'
The father now quotes the instruction handed down to him, turning the chapter into a chain of received speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔλεγονwere sayingV1I IAI3P · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'were saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδίδασκόνwere teachingV1I IAI3P · διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδιδάσκω: meaning 'were teaching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐρειδέτωlet it pressV1 PAD3S · ἐρείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐρείδω: meaning 'let it press'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέτεροςourA1A NSM · ἡμέτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέτερος: meaning 'our'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὴνyourA1 ASF · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
5
φύλασσε ἐντολάς μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ μηδὲ παρίδῃς ῥῆσιν ἐμοῦ στόματος
Keep commandments; do not forget, nor disregard a saying from my mouth.
The inherited voice begins with commands to keep, remember, and not neglect the spoken word.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
φύλασσεguardV1 PAD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολάςcommandmentsN1 APF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθῃyou forgetVB AMS2S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'you forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρίδῃςdisregardVB AAS2S · ὁράω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω + παρα: meaning 'disregard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥῆσινsayingN3I ASF · ῥῆσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥῆσις: meaning 'saying'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμοῦmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
μηδὲ ἐγκαταλίπῃς αὐτήν καὶ ἀνθέξεταί σου ἐράσθητι αὐτῆς καὶ τηρήσει σε
Do not abandon her, and she will hold fast to you; love her, and she will keep you.
Wisdom is personified as a faithful guardian who answers clinging love with preserving care.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλίπῃςyou abandonVB AAS2S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'you abandon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνθέξεταίshe will hold fast toVF FMI3S · ἔχω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔχω + ἀντι: meaning 'she will hold fast to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐράσθητιloveVS APD2S · ἐράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐράω: meaning 'love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τηρήσειshe will keepVF FAI3S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτηρέω: meaning 'she will keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
περιχαράκωσον αὐτήν καὶ ὑψώσει σε τίμησον αὐτήν ἵνα σε περιλάβῃ
Enclose her around yourself, and she will exalt you; honor her, so that she may embrace you.
Wisdom's reciprocal generosity continues: the disciple's honoring of her is answered by her uplifting embrace.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
περιχαράκωσονenclose around yourselfVA AAD2S · χαρακόω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαρακόω + περι: meaning 'enclose around yourself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑψώσειshe will exaltVF FAI3S · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑψόω: meaning 'she will exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίμησονhonorVA AAD2S · τιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτιμάω: meaning 'honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περιλάβῃshe may embraceVB AAS3S · λαμβάνω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω + περι: meaning 'she may embrace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
ἵνα δῷ τῇ σῇ κεφαλῇ στέφανον χαρίτων στεφάνῳ δὲ τρυφῆς ὑπερασπίσῃ σου
so that she may give your head a crown of graces, and with a crown of delight may shield you.
The reward of wisdom is royal adornment and protective favor.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷshe may giveVO AAS3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'she may give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῇyourA1 DSF · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κεφαλῇheadN1 DSF · κεφαλήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στέφανονcrownN2 ASM · στέφανοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστέφανος: meaning 'crown'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χαρίτωνof gracesN3T GPF · χάριςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχάρις: meaning 'of graces'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στεφάνῳwith a crownN2 DSM · στέφανοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστέφανος: meaning 'with a crown'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρυφῆςof delightN1 GSF · τρυφήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτρυφή: meaning 'of delight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπερασπίσῃshe may shieldV1 PAS3S · ἀσπίζω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀσπίζω + ὑπερ: meaning 'she may shield'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
ἄκουε υἱέ καὶ δέξαι ἐμοὺς λόγους καὶ πληθυνθήσεται ἔτη ζωῆς σου ἵνα σοι γένωνται πολλαὶ ὁδοὶ βίου
Hear, my son, and receive my words, and the years of your life will be multiplied, so that many ways of life may become yours.
The quoted inheritance becomes present exhortation again, joining receptive hearing to multiplied life.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἄκουεhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέξαιreceiveVA AMD2S · δέχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδέχομαι: meaning 'receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμοὺςmyA1 APM · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληθυνθήσεταιwill be multipliedVC FPI3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπληθύνω: meaning 'will be multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γένωνταιmay becomeVB AMS3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'may become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολλαὶmanyA1 NPF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βίουof lifeN2 GSM · βίοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβίος: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
ὁδοὺς γὰρ σοφίας διδάσκω σε ἐμβιβάζω δέ σε τροχιαῖς ὀρθαῖς
For I teach you ways of wisdom, and I set you upon straight tracks.
The father describes his own role as both teacher and guide into ordered pathways.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'of wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διδάσκωI teachV1 PAI1S · διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδιδάσκω: meaning 'I teach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμβιβάζωI set uponV1 PAI1S · βιβάζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβιβάζω + ἐν: meaning 'I set upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τροχιαῖςtracksA1A DPF · τροχιόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτροχιός: meaning 'tracks'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀρθαῖςstraightA1 DPF · ὀρθόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀρθός: meaning 'straight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
12
ἐὰν γὰρ πορεύῃ οὐ συγκλεισθήσεταί σου τὰ διαβήματα ἐὰν δὲ τρέχῃς οὐ κοπιάσεις
For if you walk, your steps will not be hemmed in; and if you run, you will not grow weary.
Straight wisdom-paths yield freedom of movement and endurance under exertion.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύῃyou walkV1 PMS2S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπορεύομαι: meaning 'you walk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συγκλεισθήσεταίwill be hemmed inVC FPI3S · κλείω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκλείω + συν: meaning 'will be hemmed in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβήματαstepsN3M NPN · διάβημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάβημα: meaning 'steps'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρέχῃςyou runV1 PAS2S · τρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτρέχω: meaning 'you run'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοπιάσειςyou will grow wearyVF FAI2S · κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκοπιάω: meaning 'you will grow weary'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
ἐπιλαβοῦ ἐμῆς παιδείας μὴ ἀφῇς ἀλλὰ φύλαξον αὐτὴν σεαυτῷ εἰς ζωήν σου
Take hold of my instruction; do not let go, but guard it for yourself as your life.
Instruction is not optional ornament but something to be grasped and guarded as life itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐπιλαβοῦtake holdVB AMD2S · λαμβάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'take hold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμῆςmyA1 GSF · ἐμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παιδείαςinstructionN1A GSF · παιδείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'instruction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφῇςlet goVH AAS2S · ἵημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'let go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φύλαξονguardVA AAD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ζωήνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
ὁδοὺς ἀσεβῶν μὴ ἐπέλθῃς μηδὲ ζηλώσῃς ὁδοὺς παρανόμων
Do not go upon the ways of the ungodly, nor be jealous of the ways of the lawless.
The discourse turns sharply negative by forbidding both participation in and fascination with wicked paths.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέλθῃςyou go uponVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'you go upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζηλώσῃςyou be jealousVA AAS2S · ζηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyζηλόω: meaning 'you be jealous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρανόμωνof the lawlessA1B GPM · παράνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράνομος: meaning 'of the lawless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
ἐν ᾧ ἂν τόπῳ στρατοπεδεύσωσιν μὴ ἐπέλθῃς ἐκεῖ ἔκκλινον δὲ ἀπ' αὐτῶν καὶ παράλλαξον
In whatever place they camp, do not go there; turn away from them and pass by.
Avoidance must be active and bodily: the son is to turn aside and keep moving past their place.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐνbeforeP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ᾧwhateverRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'whatever'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στρατοπεδεύσωσινthey campVA AAS3P · στρατοπεδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστρατοπεδεύω: meaning 'they camp'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέλθῃςyou go uponVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'you go upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκκλινονturn awayV1 AAD2S · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράλλαξονpass byV1 AAD2S · ἀλλάσσω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀλλάσσω + παρα: meaning 'pass by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
οὐ γὰρ μὴ ὑπνώσωσιν ἐὰν μὴ κακοποιήσωσιν ἀφῄρηται ὁ ὕπνος αὐτῶν καὶ οὐ κοιμῶνται
For they will certainly not sleep unless they do evil; their sleep is taken away, and they do not slumber.
The wicked are portrayed as morally restless, unable to rest apart from harm-doing.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπνώσωσινthey sleepVA AAS3P · ὑπνόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὑπνόω: meaning 'they sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακοποιήσωσινthey do evilVA AAS3P · κακοποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκακοποιέω: meaning 'they do evil'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀφῄρηταιis taken awayVM XPI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'is taken away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕπνοςsleepN2 NSM · ὕπνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕπνος: meaning 'sleep'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοιμῶνταιthey slumberV3 PMI3P · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκοιμάω: meaning 'they slumber'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
οἵδε γὰρ σιτοῦνται σῖτα ἀσεβείας οἴνῳ δὲ παρανόμῳ μεθύσκονται
For these feed on the foods of ungodliness, and with lawless wine they get drunk.
Their whole sustenance is described as moral corruption, both eaten and drunk.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οἵδεtheseRD NPM · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἵδε: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σιτοῦνταιfeed onV2 PMI3P · σιτέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσιτέομαι: meaning 'feed on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σῖταfoodsN2 APN · σῖτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῖτος: meaning 'foods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσεβείαςof ungodlinessN1A GSF · ἀσέβειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσέβεια: meaning 'of ungodliness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἴνῳwith wineN2 DSM · οἶνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶνος: meaning 'with wine'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρανόμῳlawlessA1B DSM · παράνομοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μεθύσκονταιget drunkV1 PMI3P · μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμεθύω: meaning 'get drunk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
αἱ δὲ ὁδοὶ τῶν δικαίων ὁμοίως φωτὶ λάμπουσιν προπορεύονται καὶ φωτίζουσιν ἕως κατορθώσῃ ἡ ἡμέρα
But the ways of the righteous shine like light; they advance and give light until the day is fully established.
Against the wicked path stands the righteous way, growing steadily brighter like advancing daylight.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίωνrighteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁμοίωςlikewiseD · ὁμοίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοίως: meaning 'likewise'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φωτὶlike lightN3T DSN · φῶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφῶς: meaning 'like light'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λάμπουσινshineV1 PAI3P · λάμπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλάμπω: meaning 'shine'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προπορεύονταιadvanceV1 PMI3P · πορεύομαι + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + προ: meaning 'advance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φωτίζουσινgive lightV1 PAI3P · φωτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφωτίζω: meaning 'give light'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατορθώσῃis fully establishedVA AAS3S · ὀρθόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀρθόω + κατα: meaning 'is fully established'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
19
αἱ δὲ ὁδοὶ τῶν ἀσεβῶν σκοτειναί οὐκ οἴδασιν πῶς προσκόπτουσιν
But the ways of the ungodly are dark; they do not know how they stumble.
The wicked remain blind within their own darkness, ignorant even of the cause of their falls.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σκοτειναίdarkA1 NPF · σκοτεινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκοτεινός: meaning 'dark'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴδασινthey knowVX XAI3P · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'they know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκόπτουσινthey stumbleV1 PAI3P · κόπτω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκόπτω + προς: meaning 'they stumble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
υἱέ ἐμῇ ῥήσει πρόσεχε τοῖς δὲ ἐμοῖς λόγοις παράβαλε σὸν οὖς
My son, attend to my saying; incline your ear to my words.
The chapter tightens from public contrast back to intimate address, calling for focused listening.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐμῇmyA1 DSF · ἐμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ῥήσειsayingN3I DSF · ῥῆσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥῆσις: meaning 'saying'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πρόσεχεattendV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'attend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμοῖςmyA1 DPM · ἐμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λόγοιςwordsN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παράβαλεinclineVB AAD2S · βάλλω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβάλλω + παρα: meaning 'incline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὖςearN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
21
ὅπως μὴ ἐκλίπωσίν σε αἱ πηγαί σου φύλασσε αὐτὰς ἐν σῇ καρδίᾳ
So that your springs may not fail you, guard them in your heart.
The father's words are to be kept inwardly so that the living sources of the son are not drained away.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλίπωσίνmay failVB AAS3P · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'may fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηγαίspringsN1 NPF · πηγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηγή: meaning 'springs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φύλασσεguardV1 PAD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνbeforeP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σῇyourA1 DSF · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
22
ζωὴ γάρ ἐστιν τοῖς εὑρίσκουσιν αὐτὰς καὶ πάσῃ σαρκὶ ἴασις
For they are life to those who find them, and healing to all flesh.
The sayings are commended as vital and therapeutic, extending life and healing to the whole person.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ζωὴlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρίσκουσινfindingV1 PAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὑρίσκω: meaning 'finding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σαρκὶfleshN3K DSF · σάρξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴασις: meaning 'healing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
23
πάσῃ φυλακῇ τήρει σὴν καρδίαν ἐκ γὰρ τούτων ἔξοδοι ζωῆς
With every guarding, keep your heart, for from these are the outgoings of life.
The heart is singled out as the guarded center from which the whole course of life proceeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φυλακῇguardingN1 DSF · φυλακήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφυλακή: meaning 'guarding'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τήρειkeepV2 PAD2S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτηρέω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὴνyourA1 ASF · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔξοδοιoutgoingsN2 NPF · ἔξοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔξοδος: meaning 'outgoings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24
περίελε σεαυτοῦ σκολιὸν στόμα καὶ ἄδικα χείλη μακρὰν ἀπὸ σοῦ ἄπωσαι
Remove from yourself a crooked mouth, and put unjust lips far away from you.
Moral discipline begins to map onto the body: speech must be cleansed of crookedness and injustice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
περίελεremoveVB AAD2S · αἱρέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἱρέω + περι: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτοῦfrom yourselfRD GSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσεαυτοῦ: meaning 'from yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκολιὸνcrookedA1A ASN · σκολιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκολιός: meaning 'crooked'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄδικαunjustA1B APN · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χείληlipsN3E APN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μακρὰνfarD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'far'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄπωσαιput awayVA AMD2S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'put away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου ὀρθὰ βλεπέτωσαν τὰ δὲ βλέφαρά σου νευέτω δίκαια
Let your eyes look straight ahead, and let your eyelids signal what is just.
Vision too must be trained toward straightforwardness and right orientation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀρθὰstraight aheadA1 APN · ὀρθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀρθός: meaning 'straight ahead'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βλεπέτωσανlet them lookV1 PAD3P · βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω: meaning 'let them look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βλέφαράeyelidsN2N APN · βλέφαρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβλέφαρον: meaning 'eyelids'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νευέτωlet them signalV1 PAD3S · νεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateνεύω: meaning 'let them signal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιαwhat is justA1A APN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'what is just'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
26
ὀρθὰς τροχιὰς ποίει σοῖς ποσὶν καὶ τὰς ὁδούς σου κατεύθυνε
Make straight tracks for your feet, and direct your ways.
The closing imperatives concentrate on deliberate, measured walking.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὀρθὰςstraightA1 APF · ὀρθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀρθός: meaning 'straight'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τροχιὰςtracksN1A APF · τροχιάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροχιά: meaning 'tracks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποίειmakeV2 PAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοῖςyourA1 DPM · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ποσὶνfeetN3D DPM · πούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδούςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατεύθυνεdirectV1 PAD2S · εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'direct'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
μὴ ἐκκλίνῃς εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ μηδὲ εἰς τὰ ἀριστερά ἀπόστρεψον δὲ σὸν πόδα ἀπὸ ὁδοῦ κακῆς ὁδοὺς γὰρ τὰς ἐκ δεξιῶν οἶδεν ὁ θεός διεστραμμέναι δέ εἰσιν αἱ ἐξ ἀριστερῶν αὐτὸς δὲ ὀρθὰς ποιήσει τὰς τροχιάς σου τὰς δὲ πορείας σου ἐν εἰρήνῃ προάξει
Do not turn aside to the right or to the left, but turn your foot away from an evil way. For God knows the ways on the right, but those on the left are twisted; yet he himself will make your tracks straight and will lead your journeys in peace.
The last verse gathers the chapter's path imagery into a final refusal of deviation, ending with divine straightening and peace for the obedient wayfarer.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκλίνῃςyou turn asideV1 PAS2S · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'you turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιὰrightA1A APN · δεξιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀριστεράleftA1A APN · ἀριστερόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀριστερός: meaning 'left'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπόστρεψονturn awayVA AAD2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πόδαfootN3D ASM · πούςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδοῦfrom a wayN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδός: meaning 'from a way'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κακῆςevilA1 GSF · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δεξιῶνon the rightA1A GPM · δεξιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'on the right'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διεστραμμέναιtwistedVP · χμπνπφ στρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπφ στρέφω + δια: meaning 'twisted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξon the leftP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'on the left'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀριστερῶνon the leftA1A GPM · ἀριστερόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀριστερός: meaning 'on the left'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθὰςstraightA1 APF · ὀρθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀρθός: meaning 'straight'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσειwill makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχιάςtracksA1A APF · τροχιάςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροχιάς: meaning 'tracks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορείαςjourneysN1A APF · πορείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπορεία: meaning 'journeys'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνbeforeP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εἰρήνῃin peaceN1 DSF · εἰρήνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'in peace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
προάξειwill lead forwardVF FAI3S · ἄγω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + προ: meaning 'will lead forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.