1
υἱέ ἐμῇ σοφίᾳ πρόσεχε ἐμοῖς δὲ λόγοις παράβαλλε σὸν οὖς
My son, attend to my wisdom, and incline your ear to my words,
The chapter opens with a concentrated appeal to attentive hearing, making wisdom a matter of disciplined receptivity.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐμῇmyA1 DSF · ἐμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σοφίᾳwisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πρόσεχεattendV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'attend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμοῖςmyA1 DPM · ἐμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγοιςwordsN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παράβαλλεinclineV1 PAD2S · βάλλω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβάλλω + παρα: meaning 'incline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὖςearN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
ἵνα φυλάξῃς ἔννοιαν ἀγαθήν αἴσθησιν δὲ ἐμῶν χειλέων ἐντέλλομαί σοι
so that you may guard good understanding; and I command you to preserve perception from my lips.
The hearing requested in verse 1 aims at the preservation of judgment and rightly formed perception.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξῃςyou may guardVA AAS2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφυλάσσω: meaning 'you may guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔννοιανunderstandingN1A ASF · ἔννοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔννοια: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαθήνgoodA1 ASF · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἴσθησινperceptionN3I ASF · αἴσθησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴσθησις: meaning 'perception'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμῶνmyA1 GPN · ἐμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χειλέωνlipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐντέλλομαίI commandV1 PMI1S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'I command'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιwith youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'with you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
μὴ πρόσεχε φαύλῃ γυναικί μέλι γὰρ ἀποστάζει ἀπὸ χειλέων γυναικὸς πόρνης ἣ πρὸς καιρὸν λιπαίνει σὸν φάρυγγα
Do not attend to a base woman; for honey drips from the lips of a prostitute woman, who for a time smooths your throat.
The warning begins by naming the allure: her speech is sweet, smooth, and temporarily pleasing.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόσεχεattendV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'attend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φαύλῃbaseA1 DSF · φαῦλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφαῦλος: meaning 'base'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γυναικίwomanN3K DSF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μέλιhoneyN3T NSN · μέλιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέλι: meaning 'honey'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστάζειdripsV1 PAI3S · στάζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστάζω + ἀπο: meaning 'drips'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειλέωνlipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γυναικὸςwifeN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πόρνηςprostituteN1 GSF · πόρνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόρνη: meaning 'prostitute'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἣwhoX · ἥadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἣ: meaning 'who'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςwithP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρὸνa timeN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'a time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λιπαίνειsmoothsV1 PAI3S · λιπαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλιπαίνω: meaning 'smooths'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φάρυγγαthroatN3G ASM · φάρυγξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφάρυγξ: meaning 'throat'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ὕστερον μέντοι πικρότερον χολῆς εὑρήσεις καὶ ἠκονημένον μᾶλλον μαχαίρας διστόμου
But afterward you will find it more bitter than gall, and sharper than a two-edged sword.
The sweet beginning is exposed as a bitter and wounding end.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὕστερονafterwardD · ὕστερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὕστερον: meaning 'afterward'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέντοιhoweverX · μέντοιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμέντοι: meaning 'however'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πικρότερονmore bitterA1A ASMC · πικρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπικρός: meaning 'more bitter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χολῆςthan gallN1 GSF · χολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχολή: meaning 'than gall'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὑρήσειςyou will findVF FAI2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'you will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠκονημένονsharpenedVX · χππασμ ἀκονάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππασμ ἀκονάω: meaning 'sharpened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μᾶλλονmoreD · μᾶλλονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμᾶλλον: meaning 'more'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μαχαίραςthan a swordN1 GSF · μάχαιραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'than a sword'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διστόμουtwo-edgedA1B GSF · δίστομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίστομος: meaning 'two-edged'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
τῆς γὰρ ἀφροσύνης οἱ πόδες κατάγουσιν τοὺς χρωμένους αὐτῇ μετὰ θανάτου εἰς τὸν ᾅδην τὰ δὲ ἴχνη αὐτῆς οὐκ ἐρείδεται
For the feet of folly lead those who use her down with death into Hades, and her tracks are not firmly set.
The adulterous path is interpreted as a descending road into death and the underworld.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφροσύνηςfollyN1 GSF · ἀφροσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀφροσύνη: meaning 'folly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδεςfeetN3D NPM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατάγουσινlead downV1 PAI3P · ἄγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + κατα: meaning 'lead down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςthose whoRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρωμένουςuseV3 · πμπαπμ χράομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ χράομαι: meaning 'use'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾅδηνHadesN1M ASM · ᾅδηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationᾅδης: meaning 'Hades'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴχνηtracksN3E APN · ἴσνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἴσνος: meaning 'tracks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρείδεταιare firmly setV1 PMI3S · ἐρείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐρείδω: meaning 'are firmly set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ὁδοὺς γὰρ ζωῆς οὐκ ἐπέρχεται σφαλεραὶ δὲ αἱ τροχιαὶ αὐτῆς καὶ οὐκ εὔγνωστοι
For she does not go upon the ways of life, and her tracks are slippery and unknowable.
Her whole course is unstable and alien to the life-path wisdom offers.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέρχεταιgoes uponV1 PMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'goes upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σφαλεραὶslipperyA1A NPF · σφαλερόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσφαλερός: meaning 'slippery'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχιαὶtracksA1A NPF · τροχιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχιός: meaning 'tracks'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὔγνωστοιknownA1B NPF · εὔγνωστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὔγνωστος: meaning 'known'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
νῦν οὖν υἱέ ἄκουέ μου καὶ μὴ ἀκύρους ποιήσῃς ἐμοὺς λόγους
Now therefore, my son, hear me, and do not make my words void.
The father renews the summons with urgency, insisting that the warning not be emptied of force.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἄκουέhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκύρουςvoidA1B APM · ἄκυροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄκυρος: meaning 'void'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσῃςyou makeVA AAS2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'you make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμοὺςmyA1 APM · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
μακρὰν ποίησον ἀπ' αὐτῆς σὴν ὁδόν μὴ ἐγγίσῃς πρὸς θύραις οἴκων αὐτῆς
Make your way far from her, and do not go near the doors of her houses,
The practical command is spatial separation: keep distance from both her path and her threshold.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μακρὰνfarD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'far'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίησονmakeVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σὴνyourA1 ASF · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁδόνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγγίσῃςyou go nearVA AAS2S · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐγγίζω: meaning 'you go near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςwithP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θύραιςdoorsN1A DPF · θύραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθύρα: meaning 'doors'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἴκωνhousesN2 GPM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
ἵνα μὴ πρόῃ ἄλλοις ζωήν σου καὶ σὸν βίον ἀνελεήμοσιν
lest you give your life to others and your livelihood to the merciless,
Nearness to her threatens the surrender of life itself and the handing over of one's years to cruel hands.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόῃyou giveV9 PMS2S · εἰμί + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἰμί + προ: meaning 'you give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄλλοιςto othersRD DPM · ἄλλοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἄλλοις: meaning 'to others'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ζωήνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βίονlivelihoodN2 ASM · βίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβίος: meaning 'livelihood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνελεήμοσινto the mercilessA3N DPM · ἀνελεήμωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνελεήμων: meaning 'to the merciless'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
10
ἵνα μὴ πλησθῶσιν ἀλλότριοι σῆς ἰσχύος οἱ δὲ σοὶ πόνοι εἰς οἴκους ἀλλοτρίων εἰσέλθωσιν
lest strangers be filled with your strength and your labors enter the houses of others,
The warning broadens from life to economics: illicit desire drains strength and enriches strangers.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλησθῶσινmay be filledVS APS3P · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίμπλημι: meaning 'may be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλότριοιstrangersA1A NPM · ἀλλότριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'strangers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σῆςyourA1 GSF · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰσχύοςstrengthN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοὶyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πόνοιlaborsN2 NPM · πόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόνος: meaning 'labors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλοτρίωνof othersA1A GPM · ἀλλότριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'of others'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰσέλθωσινmay enterVB AAS3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'may enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
καὶ μεταμεληθήσῃ ἐπ' ἐσχάτων ἡνίκα ἂν κατατριβῶσιν σάρκες σώματός σου
and you will regret it at the end, whenever the flesh of your body is worn away,
The scene shifts forward to bodily ruin and late regret.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταμεληθήσῃyou will regretVC FPI2S · μελέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμελέω + μετα: meaning 'you will regret'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'atP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτωνthe endA1 GPM · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡνίκαwheneverD · ἡνίκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατατριβῶσινare worn awayVD APS3P · τρίβω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτρίβω + κατα: meaning 'are worn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σάρκεςfleshN3K NPF · σάρξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σώματόςof bodyN3M GSN · σῶμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσῶμα: meaning 'of body'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
καὶ ἐρεῖς πῶς ἐμίσησα παιδείαν καὶ ἐλέγχους ἐξέκλινεν ἡ καρδία μου
and you will say, 'How I hated discipline, and my heart turned away from reproofs!'
The future lament identifies the real root of the disaster: hatred of discipline.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςyou will sayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'you will say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμίσησαI hatedVAI AAI1S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμισέω: meaning 'I hated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανdisciplineN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλέγχουςreproofsN2 APM · ἔλεγχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεγχος: meaning 'reproofs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξέκλινενturned awayV1I IAI3S · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
οὐκ ἤκουον φωνὴν παιδεύοντός με καὶ διδάσκοντός με οὐδὲ παρέβαλλον τὸ οὖς μου
I was not listening to the voice of the one instructing me, nor to the one teaching me did I incline my ear.
The regret continues by confessing long-standing refusal to hear correction.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουονI was listeningV1I IAI1S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκούω: meaning 'I was listening'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παιδεύοντόςof the one instructingV1 · παπγσμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ παιδεύω: meaning 'of the one instructing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διδάσκοντόςof the one teachingV1 · παπγσμ διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ διδάσκω: meaning 'of the one teaching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέβαλλονI inclinedV1I IAI1S · βάλλω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβάλλω + παρα: meaning 'I inclined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖςearN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
παρ' ὀλίγον ἐγενόμην ἐν παντὶ κακῷ ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας καὶ συναγωγῆς
I almost came into every evil, in the midst of the assembly and congregation.'
The shame proves public as well as personal: folly ends in near-total ruin before the gathered community.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
παρ'almostP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'almost'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀλίγονa littleA1 ASM · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'a little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγενόμηνI becameVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'I became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶeveryA3 DSN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κακῷevilA1 DSN · κακόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκκλησίαςassemblyN1A GSF · ἐκκλησίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συναγωγῆςcongregationN1 GSF · συναγωγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: meaning 'congregation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
πῖνε ὕδατα ἀπὸ σῶν ἀγγείων καὶ ἀπὸ σῶν φρεάτων πηγῆς
Drink waters from your own vessels and from the spring of your own wells,
The discourse now turns positive, using private-water imagery for covenantal fidelity.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πῖνεdrinkV1 PAD2S · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδαταwatersN3T ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σῶνyourA1 GPN · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀγγείωνvesselsN2N GPN · ἀγγεῖονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγγεῖον: meaning 'vessels'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σῶνyourA1 GPN · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φρεάτωνwellsN3T GPN · φρέαρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρέαρ: meaning 'wells'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πηγῆςspringN1 GSF · πηγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
μὴ ὑπερεκχείσθω σοι τὰ ὕδατα ἐκ τῆς σῆς πηγῆς εἰς δὲ σὰς πλατείας διαπορευέσθω τὰ σὰ ὕδατα
let not your waters overflow for you from your own spring; let your own waters pass through your streets,
The imagery stresses ordered possession and right circulation rather than dissipated desire.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερεκχείσθωlet overflowV2 PPD3S · χέω + ὑπερ + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχέω + ὑπερ + ἐκ: meaning 'let overflow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιwith youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'with you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδαταwatersN3T NPN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῆςyourA1 GSF · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πηγῆςspringN1 GSF · πηγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὰςyourA1 APF · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πλατείαςstreetsA3U APF · πλατύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλατύς: meaning 'streets'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διαπορευέσθωlet pass throughV1 PMD3S · πορεύομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι + δια: meaning 'let pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὰyourA1 NPN · σόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὕδαταwatersN3T NPN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
17
ἔστω σοι μόνῳ ὑπάρχοντα καὶ μηδεὶς ἀλλότριος μετασχέτω σοι
let them belong to you alone, and let no stranger share with you,
The exclusivity of the marriage bond is stated plainly against alien participation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἔστωlet it beV9 PAD3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'let it be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιwith youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'with you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μόνῳto you aloneA1 DSM · μόνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμόνος: meaning 'to you alone'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑπάρχονταbelongingV1 · παπνπν ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπν ἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'belonging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μηδεὶςno oneA3P NSM · μηδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμηδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλότριοςstrangerA1A NSM · ἀλλότριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'stranger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετασχέτωshareVB AAD3S · ἔχω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + μετα: meaning 'share'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιwith youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'with you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
ἡ πηγή σου τοῦ ὕδατος ἔστω σοι ἰδία καὶ συνευφραίνου μετὰ γυναικὸς τῆς ἐκ νεότητός σου
let the spring of your water be your own, and rejoice with the wife from your youth,
The son is urged not merely to abstain from evil but to rejoice positively in his proper covenant partner.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηγήspringN1 NSF · πηγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔστωlet it beV9 PAD3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'let it be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιwith youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'with you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰδίαyour ownA1A NSF · ἴδιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴδιος: meaning 'your own'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνευφραίνουrejoiceV1 PMD2S · εὐφραίνω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐφραίνω + συν: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναικὸςwifeN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεότητόςyouthN3T GSF · νεότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
ἔλαφος φιλίας καὶ πῶλος σῶν χαρίτων ὁμιλείτω σοι ἡ δὲ ἰδία ἡγείσθω σου καὶ συνέστω σοι ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ ἐν γὰρ τῇ ταύτης φιλίᾳ συμπεριφερόμενος πολλοστὸς ἔσῃ
a hind of friendship and colt of your graces; let her converse with you, and let your own one lead you and be with you at every time; for by being carried along in her affection you will be greatly multiplied.
The marital exhortation crescendos into affectionate, even luxuriant praise of proper companionship.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἔλαφοςhindN2 NSM · ἔλαφοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλαφος: meaning 'hind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φιλίαςof affectionN1A GSF · φιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφιλία: meaning 'of affection'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῶλοςcoltN2 NSM · πῶλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῶλος: meaning 'colt'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σῶνyourA1 GPF · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χαρίτωνof gracesN3T GPF · χάριςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχάρις: meaning 'of graces'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁμιλείτωlet her converseV2 PAD3S · ὁμιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁμιλέω: meaning 'let her converse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιwith youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'with you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδίαyour ownA1A NSF · ἴδιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴδιος: meaning 'your own'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡγείσθωlet her leadV2 PMD3S · ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἡγέομαι: meaning 'let her lead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέστωlet her be withV9 PAD3S · εἰμί + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί + συν: meaning 'let her be with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιwith youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'with you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶeveryA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταύτηςof this oneRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'of this one'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φιλίᾳaffectionN1A DSF · φιλίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφιλία: meaning 'affection'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συμπεριφερόμενοςbeing carried alongV1 · πμπνσμ φέρω + συν + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φέρω + συν + περι: meaning 'being carried along'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολλοστὸςgreatly multipliedA1 NSM · πολλοστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολλοστός: meaning 'greatly multiplied'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσῃyou will beVF FMI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'you will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
μὴ πολὺς ἴσθι πρὸς ἀλλοτρίαν μηδὲ συνέχου ἀγκάλαις τῆς μὴ ἰδίας
Do not be much with a strange woman, nor be held in the arms of one who is not your own.
The positive vision of verses 15–19 is immediately guarded by a renewed ban on alien intimacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολὺςmuchA1P NSM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἴσθιbeV9 PAD2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςwithP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀλλοτρίανa strange womanA1A ASF · ἀλλότριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'a strange woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέχουbe heldV1 PMD2S · ἔχω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + συν: meaning 'be held'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγκάλαιςin the armsN1 DPF · ἀγκάληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγκάλη: meaning 'in the arms'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδίαςyour ownA1A GSF · ἴδιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἴδιος: meaning 'your own'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
21
ἐνώπιον γάρ εἰσιν τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ ὀφθαλμῶν ὁδοὶ ἀνδρός εἰς δὲ πάσας τὰς τροχιὰς αὐτοῦ σκοπεύει
For the ways of a man are before the eyes of God, and he watches all his tracks.
The whole matter is finally placed before God's all-seeing judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐνώπιονbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρόςof a manN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'of a man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχιὰςtracksA1A APF · τροχιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροχιός: meaning 'tracks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκοπεύειhe watchesV1 PAI3S · σκοπεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκοπεύω: meaning 'he watches'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
παρανομίαι ἄνδρα ἀγρεύουσιν σειραῖς δὲ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν ἕκαστος σφίγγεται
Lawless deeds hunt down a man, and each one is held fast by the cords of his own sins.
Sin is presented as self-entangling: the sinner becomes captive to what he himself has woven.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
παρανομίαιlawless deedsN1A NPF · παρανομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαρανομία: meaning 'lawless deeds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνδραa manN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'a man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγρεύουσινhunt downV1 PAI3P · ἀγρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγρεύω: meaning 'hunt down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σειραῖςby cordsN1A DPF · σειράdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσειρά: meaning 'by cords'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνof theRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsN1A GPF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕκαστοςeach oneA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σφίγγεταιis held fastV1 PMI3S · σφίγγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσφίγγω: meaning 'is held fast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
οὗτος τελευτᾷ μετὰ ἀπαιδεύτων ἐκ δὲ πλήθους τῆς ἑαυτοῦ βιότητος ἐξερρίφη καὶ ἀπώλετο δι' ἀφροσύνην
Such a man dies with the undisciplined; from the abundance of his own way of life he is cast out and destroyed through folly.
The conclusion seals the warning by showing folly ending in exclusion, destruction, and death.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὗτοςsuch a manRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'such a man'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τελευτᾷdiesV3 PAI3S · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτελευτάω: meaning 'dies'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπαιδεύτωνthe undisciplinedA1B GPM · ἀπαίδευτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀπαίδευτος: meaning 'the undisciplined'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλήθουςabundanceN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'abundance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βιότητοςway of lifeN3T GSF · βιότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβιότης: meaning 'way of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξερρίφηis cast outVVI API3S · ῥίπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥίπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'is cast out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλετοis destroyedVAI AMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'is destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφροσύνηνfollyN1 ASF · ἀφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφροσύνη: meaning 'folly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.