1
ἀκόλαστον οἶνος καὶ ὑβριστικὸν μέθη πᾶς δὲ ὁ συμμειγνύμενος αὐτῇ οὐκ ἔσται σοφός
Wine is undisciplined and drunkenness insolent, and everyone who mixes with it will not be wise.
The chapter opens by exposing intoxication as a public form of self-loss and unwisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀκόλαστονundisciplinedA1B NSN · ἀκόλαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκόλαστος: meaning 'undisciplined'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἶνοςwineN2 NSM · οἶνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑβριστικὸνinsolentA1 NSN · ὑβριστικόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑβριστικός: meaning 'insolent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μέθηdrunkennessN1 NSF · μέθηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέθη: meaning 'drunkenness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πᾶςevery / allA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμμειγνύμενοςmixing withV5 · πμπνσμ μίγνυμι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ μίγνυμι + συν: meaning 'mixing with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφόςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
οὐ διαφέρει ἀπειλὴ βασιλέως θυμοῦ λέοντος ὁ δὲ παροξύνων αὐτὸν ἁμαρτάνει εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν
The threat of a king differs not from the wrath of a lion, and the one who provokes him sins against his own life.
Royal anger is compared to leonine wrath so that political provocation becomes a form of self-harm.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαφέρειdiffersV1 PAI3S · φέρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφέρω + δια: meaning 'differs'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπειλὴthreatN1 NSF · ἀπειλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπειλή: meaning 'threat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θυμοῦwrathN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λέοντοςlionN3 GSM · λέωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροξύνωνprovokingV1 · παπνσμ ὀξύνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὀξύνω + παρα: meaning 'provoking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁμαρτάνειsinV1 PAI3S · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'sin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψυχήνsoul / lifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
δόξα ἀνδρὶ ἀποστρέφεσθαι λοιδορίας πᾶς δὲ ἄφρων τοιούτοις συμπλέκεται
It is a glory for a man to turn away from insults, but every fool gets entangled in such things.
Honor belongs to the one who withdraws from insult, while the fool is caught inside the quarrel.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀποστρέφεσθαιto turn awayV1 PMN · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'to turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λοιδορίαςinsult / abuseN1A APF · λοιδορίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλοιδορία: meaning 'insult'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πᾶςevery / allA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοιούτοιςsuch thingsA1 DPM · τοιοῦτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such things'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συμπλέκεταιis entangledV1 PMI3S · πλέκω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπλέκω + συν: meaning 'is entangled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ὀνειδιζόμενος ὀκνηρὸς οὐκ αἰσχύνεται ὡσαύτως καὶ ὁ δανιζόμενος σῖτον ἐν ἀμήτῳ
Though reproached, the sluggard is not ashamed; likewise the one who borrows grain at harvest.
The saying observes shame-free laziness and compares it to imprudent dependence at the wrong time.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὀνειδιζόμενοςbeing reproachedV1 · πμπνσμ ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ὀνειδίζω: meaning 'being reproached'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀκνηρὸςsluggardA1A NSM · ὀκνηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀκνηρός: meaning 'sluggard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχύνεταιbe ashamedV1 PMI3S · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἰσχύνω: meaning 'be ashamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡσαύτωςlikewiseD · ὡσαύτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσαύτως: meaning 'likewise'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δανιζόμενοςborrowingV1 · πμπνσμ δανείζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ δανείζω: meaning 'borrowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σῖτονgrainN2 ASM · σῖτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμήτῳharvestN2 DSM · ἀμητόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀμητός: meaning 'harvest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
5
ὕδωρ βαθὺ βουλὴ ἐν καρδίᾳ ἀνδρός ἀνὴρ δὲ φρόνιμος ἐξαντλήσει αὐτήν
Counsel in a man's heart is deep water, but a prudent man will draw it out.
Hidden counsel is pictured as deep water that only prudence can draw to the surface.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βαθὺdeepA3U NSN · βαθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβαθύς: meaning 'deep'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνιμοςprudentA1B NSM · φρόνιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνιμος: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξαντλήσειwill draw outVF FAI3S · ἀντλέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀντλέω + ἐκ: meaning 'will draw out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
μέγα ἄνθρωπος καὶ τίμιον ἀνὴρ ἐλεήμων ἄνδρα δὲ πιστὸν ἔργον εὑρεῖν
A man is a great thing, and a merciful man is precious, but to find a faithful man is a task.
Mercy is praised, but the proverb underlines how rare true faithfulness really is.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μέγαgreatA1P ASN · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνθρωποςhuman beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίμιονpreciousA1A ASM · τίμιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτίμιος: meaning 'precious'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλεήμωνmercifulA3N NSM · ἐλεήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεήμων: meaning 'merciful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πιστὸνfaithfulA1 ASM · πιστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπιστός: meaning 'faithful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔργονtask / workN2N ASN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'task'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὑρεῖνfindVB AAN · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
ὃς ἀναστρέφεται ἄμωμος ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ μακαρίους τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ καταλείψει
Whoever conducts himself blamelessly in righteousness will leave his children blessed after him.
Blameless righteousness becomes a generational blessing for the just man's children.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὃςwho / whoeverRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀναστρέφεταιconduct oneself / turn aboutV1 PMI3S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'conduct oneself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄμωμοςblamelessA1B NSM · ἄμωμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄμωμος: meaning 'blameless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μακαρίουςblessedA1A APM · μακάριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδαςchildN3D APM · παῖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαῖς: meaning 'child'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταλείψειleave behindVF FAI3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + κατα: meaning 'leave behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
ὅταν βασιλεὺς δίκαιος καθίσῃ ἐπὶ θρόνου οὐκ ἐναντιοῦται ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ πᾶν πονηρόν
When a righteous king sits upon a throne, nothing evil stands against his eyes.
The righteous king is portrayed as a discerning judge before whom evil cannot comfortably stand.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθίσῃsitVF FMI2S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + κατα: meaning 'sit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐναντιοῦταιstands opposedV4 PMI3S · ἀντιόομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀντιόομαι + ἐν: meaning 'stands opposed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyeN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πᾶνevery / allA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πονηρόνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
τίς καυχήσεται ἁγνὴν ἔχειν τὴν καρδίαν ἢ τίς παρρησιάσεται καθαρὸς εἶναι ἀπὸ ἁμαρτιῶν κακολογοῦντος πατέρα ἢ μητέρα σβεσθήσεται λαμπτήρ αἱ δὲ κόραι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ ὄψονται σκότος μερὶς ἐπισπουδαζομένη ἐν πρώτοις ἐν τοῖς τελευταίοις οὐκ εὐλογηθήσεται μὴ εἴπῃς τείσομαι τὸν ἐχθρόν ἀλλὰ ὑπόμεινον τὸν κύριον ἵνα σοι βοηθήσῃ
Who will boast that he has a pure heart? Or who will dare to say that he is clean from sins? The lamp of one who curses father or mother will be extinguished, and the pupils of his eyes will behold darkness. A portion eagerly acquired at first will not be blessed in the end. Do not say, “I will repay the enemy”; instead wait for the Lord, so that he may help you.
Several linked sayings deny moral self-sufficiency, warn against cursing parents, distrust quick gain, and forbid private vengeance.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καυχήσεταιboastVF FMI3S · καυχάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαυχάομαι: meaning 'boast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁγνὴνpureA1 ASF · ἁγνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁγνός: meaning 'pure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχεινhaveV1 PAN · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρρησιάσεταιspeak boldlyVF FMI3S · παρρησιάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαρρησιάζομαι: meaning 'speak boldly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καθαρὸςcleanA1A NSM · καθαρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαθαρός: meaning 'clean'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶναιbeV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinN1A GPF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κακολογοῦντοςcursingV2 · παπγσμ κακολογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ κακολογέω: meaning 'cursing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατέραfatherN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μητέραmotherN3 ASF · μήτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σβεσθήσεταιextinguishVC FPI3S · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσβέννυμι: meaning 'extinguish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαμπτήρlampN3 NSM · λαμπτήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαμπτήρ: meaning 'lamp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόραιpupilN1 NPF · κόρηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόρη: meaning 'pupil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyeN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄψονταιwill seeVF FMI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'will see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπισπουδαζομένηeagerly pursuedV1 · πμπνσφ σπουδάζω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ σπουδάζω + ἐπι: meaning 'eagerly pursued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρώτοιςfirstA1 DPM · πρῶτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελευταίοιςlastA1A DPM · τελευταῖοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτελευταῖος: meaning 'last'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογηθήσεταιblessVC FPI3S · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπῃςyou sayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'you say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τείσομαιrepayVF FMI1S · τίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίνω: meaning 'repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρόνenemyA1A ASM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπόμεινονwait patientlyVA AAD2S · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'wait patiently'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βοηθήσῃhelpVA AMS2S · βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβοηθέω: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
στάθμιον μέγα καὶ μικρὸν καὶ μέτρα δισσά ἀκάθαρτα ἐνώπιον κυρίου καὶ ἀμφότερα
A large and a small weight, and double measures, are both unclean before the Lord.
Dishonest measurements are named as ritually and morally unclean before the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
στάθμιονweightN2 NSN · σταθμίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσταθμίον: meaning 'weight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μέγαgreatA1P NSN · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μικρὸνsmallA1A NSN · μικρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέτραmeasureN2N NPN · μέτρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέτρον: meaning 'measure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δισσάdoubleA1 NPN · δισσόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδισσός: meaning 'double'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκάθαρταuncleanA1B NPN · ἀκάθαρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκάθαρτος: meaning 'unclean'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνώπιονbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A NPN · ἀμφότεροιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
καὶ ὁ ποιῶν αὐτὰ ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν αὐτοῦ συμποδισθήσεται νεανίσκος μετὰ ὁσίου καὶ εὐθεῖα ἡ ὁδὸς αὐτοῦ
And the one who does these things will be tripped up in his practices; a young man walks with a holy man, and his way is straight.
Conduct reveals character early, and the company of the holy straightens a young man's way.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῶνdoV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδεύμασινpractice / pursuitN3M DPN · ἐπιτήδευμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'practice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συμποδισθήσεταιwill be tripped upVS FPI3S · ποδίζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποδίζω + συν: meaning 'will be tripped up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεανίσκοςyoung manN2 NSM · νεανίσκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεανίσκος: meaning 'young man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁσίουholyA1A GSM · ὅσιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅσιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐθεῖαstraightA3U NSF · εὐθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
οὖς ἀκούει καὶ ὀφθαλμὸς ὁρᾷ κυρίου ἔργα καὶ ἀμφότερα
The ear that hears and the eye that sees, the Lord has made both of them.
The Lord's creation of ear and eye grounds accountability in ordinary perception itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὖςearN3T NSN · οὖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκούειhearsV1 PAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκούω: meaning 'hears'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁρᾷseeV3 PAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔργαtask / workN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'task'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A NPN · ἀμφότεροιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
13
μὴ ἀγάπα καταλαλεῖν ἵνα μὴ ἐξαρθῇς διάνοιξον τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου καὶ ἐμπλήσθητι ἄρτων
Do not love to speak against others, lest you be cut off; open your eyes and be filled with bread.
Malicious speech leads to removal, while wakeful diligence leads to provision.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγάπαloveV3 PAD2S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγαπάω: meaning 'love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταλαλεῖνspeak against / slanderV2 PAN · λαλέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementλαλέω + κατα: meaning 'speak against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρθῇςcut off / removeVC APS2S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'cut off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διάνοιξονopenVA AAD2S · οἴγω + δια + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἴγω + δια + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμούςeyeN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλήσθητιbe filledVS APD2S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄρτωνbreadN2 GPM · ἄρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
23
βδέλυγμα κυρίῳ δισσὸν στάθμιον καὶ ζυγὸς δόλιος οὐ καλὸν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ
A double weight is an abomination to the Lord, and a deceitful balance is not good before him.
The chapter returns to dishonest measures to show that fraudulent trade remains offensive to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
βδέλυγμαβδελυγμαN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'βδελυγμα'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δισσὸνdoubleA1 NSN · δισσόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδισσός: meaning 'double'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στάθμιονweightN2 NSN · σταθμίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσταθμίον: meaning 'weight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζυγὸςζυγοςN2 NSN · ζυγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζυγός: meaning 'ζυγος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δόλιοςδολιοςA1A NSM · δόλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλιος: meaning 'δολιος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλὸνκαλονA1 NSN · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'καλον'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνώπιονbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
παρὰ κυρίου εὐθύνεται τὰ διαβήματα ἀνδρί θνητὸς δὲ πῶς ἂν νοήσαι τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ
From the Lord a man's steps are directed, but how can a mortal understand his own ways?
Human planning is relativized by the Lord's governance of each step and path.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
παρὰfrom / besideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐθύνεταιis directedV1 PPI3S · εὐθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐθύνω: meaning 'is directed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβήματαstepN3M NPN · διάβημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάβημα: meaning 'step'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρίmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θνητὸςmortalA1 NSM · θνητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθνητός: meaning 'mortal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνwould / possiblyX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'would'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νοήσαιunderstandVA AAN · νοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementνοέω: meaning 'understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
παγὶς ἀνδρὶ ταχύ τι τῶν ἰδίων ἁγιάσαι μετὰ γὰρ τὸ εὔξασθαι μετανοεῖν γίνεται
It is a snare for a man quickly to consecrate something from his own goods, for after vowing, repentance comes.
The proverb warns that rash vows over personal goods become a spiritual trap when remorse comes later.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
παγὶςsnareN3D NSF · παγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταχύταχυA3U ASN · ταχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταχύς: meaning 'ταχυ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τιτιRI ASN · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτι: meaning 'τι'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδίωνone's ownA1A GPM · ἴδιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἴδιος: meaning 'one's own'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἁγιάσαιconsecrateVA AAN · ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἁγιάζω: meaning 'consecrate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὔξασθαιto vowVA AMN · εὔχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεὔχομαι: meaning 'to vow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετανοεῖνto repentV2 PAN · νοέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementνοέω + μετα: meaning 'to repent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γίνεταιbecomeV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
λικμήτωρ ἀσεβῶν βασιλεὺς σοφὸς καὶ ἐπιβαλεῖ αὐτοῖς τροχόν
A wise king is a winnower of the wicked, and he will bring the wheel upon them.
The wise king is imagined as a threshing judge who separates and crushes wickedness.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
λικμήτωρwinnowerN3R NSM · λικμήτωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλικμήτωρ: meaning 'winnower'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβῶνwickedA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'wicked'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβαλεῖwill castVF2 FAI3S · βάλλω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'will cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τροχόνwheelN2 ASM · τροχόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
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φῶς κυρίου πνοὴ ἀνθρώπων ὃς ἐρευνᾷ ταμίεια κοιλίας
The breath of human beings is the light of the Lord, which searches the inner chambers of the belly.
Human breath is depicted as the Lord's lamp, searching inwardly where motives are hidden.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πνοὴbreathN1 NSF · πνοήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνοή: meaning 'breath'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπωνhuman beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὃςwho / whoeverRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐρευνᾷsearchesV3 PAI3S · ἐρευνάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐρευνάω: meaning 'searches'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταμίειαinner chamberN2N APN · ταμιεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταμιεῖον: meaning 'inner chamber'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κοιλίαςbelly / inward partN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
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ἐλεημοσύνη καὶ ἀλήθεια φυλακὴ βασιλεῖ καὶ περικυκλώσουσιν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ
Mercy and truth are a guard for a king, and they will encircle his throne in righteousness.
Mercy and truth are presented as the virtues that secure and surround a king's rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐλεημοσύνηmercyN1 NSF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλήθειαtruthN1A NSF · ἀλήθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φυλακὴguardN1 NSF · φυλακήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλακή: meaning 'guard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περικυκλώσουσινwill encircleVF FAI3P · κυκλόω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκυκλόω + περι: meaning 'will encircle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρόνονthroneN2 ASM · θρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
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κόσμος νεανίαις σοφία δόξα δὲ πρεσβυτέρων πολιαί
Wisdom is an ornament for young men, and the glory of elders is gray hair.
Youth and age are each given their fitting adornment in wisdom and gray hair.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
κόσμοςornamentN2 NSM · κόσμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόσμος: meaning 'ornament'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νεανίαιςyoung manN1T DPM · νεανίαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεανίας: meaning 'young man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβυτέρωνelderN2 GPM · πρεσβύτεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολιαίgray hairsN1A NPF · πολιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολιά: meaning 'gray hairs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
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ὑπώπια καὶ συντρίμματα συναντᾷ κακοῖς πληγαὶ δὲ εἰς ταμίεια κοιλίας
Bruises and crushings befall evils, and blows reach the inner chambers of the belly.
The chapter closes with bodily blows as an image of the painful discipline that reaches evil at its depths.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὑπώπιαbruiseN2N NPN · ὑπώπιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπώπιον: meaning 'bruise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντρίμματαcrushingN3M NPN · σύντριμμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύντριμμα: meaning 'crushing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συναντᾷmeets / befallsV3 PAI3S · ἀντάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀντάω + συν: meaning 'meets'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακοῖςevilA1 DPM · κακόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πληγαὶblowN1 NPF · πληγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπληγή: meaning 'blow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταμίειαinner chamberN2N APN · ταμιεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταμιεῖον: meaning 'inner chamber'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κοιλίαςbelly / inward partN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.