1
ὥσπερ ὁρμὴ ὕδατος οὕτως καρδία βασιλέως ἐν χειρὶ θεοῦ οὗ ἐὰν θέλων νεύσῃ ἐκεῖ ἔκλινεν αὐτήν
Like the rush of water, so is the heart of a king in the hand of God; wherever he wills to incline it, there he turns it.
The chapter opens by relativizing royal autonomy: the king's heart is directed by God as readily as water is channeled.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁρμὴrushN1 NSF · ὁρμήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁρμή: meaning 'rush'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὕδατοςof waterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'of water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'so'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλέωςof a kingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'of a king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θέλωνwillingV1 · παπνσμ ἐθέλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐθέλω: meaning 'willing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεύσῃhe should inclineVF FMI2S · νεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureνεύω: meaning 'he should incline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκλινενhe turnedV1I IAI3S · κλίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκλίνω: meaning 'he turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
πᾶς ἀνὴρ φαίνεται ἑαυτῷ δίκαιος κατευθύνει δὲ καρδίας κύριος
Every man appears righteous to himself, but the Lord directs hearts.
Private self-vindication is set against the Lord's deeper governance and evaluation of the inner life.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πᾶςeveryA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φαίνεταιappearsV1 PMI3S · φαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφαίνω: meaning 'appears'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτῷto himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'to himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατευθύνειdirectsV1 PAI3S · εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'directs'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρδίαςheartsN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'hearts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
3
ποιεῖν δίκαια καὶ ἀληθεύειν ἀρεστὰ παρὰ θεῷ μᾶλλον ἢ θυσιῶν αἷμα
To do righteous things and to speak truth is more pleasing before God than the blood of sacrifices.
Moral action and truth-telling are valued above external sacrificial performance severed from justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ποιεῖνto doV2 PAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'to do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιαrighteous thingsA1A APN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀληθεύεινto speak truthV1 PAN · ἀληθεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀληθεύω: meaning 'to speak truth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀρεστὰpleasing thingsA1 APN · ἀρεστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρεστός: meaning 'pleasing things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρὰbeforeP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μᾶλλονmoreD · μᾶλλονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμᾶλλον: meaning 'more'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢthanC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'than'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυσιῶνof sacrificesN1A GPF · θυσίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυσία: meaning 'of sacrifices'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
μεγαλόφρων ἐφ' ὕβρει θρασυκάρδιος λαμπτὴρ δὲ ἀσεβῶν ἁμαρτία
A high-minded man in arrogance, and a bold-hearted one: the lamp of the ungodly is sin.
Pride is not treated as brilliance but as the sinful light by which the ungodly live.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μεγαλόφρωνhigh-mindedN3N NSM · μεγαλόφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμεγαλόφρων: meaning 'high-minded'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐφ'inP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕβρειarroganceN3I DSF · ὕβριςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕβρις: meaning 'arrogance'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θρασυκάρδιοςbold-heartedA1B NSM · θρασυκάρδιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρασυκάρδιος: meaning 'bold-hearted'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαμπτὴρlampN3 NSM · λαμπτήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαμπτήρ: meaning 'lamp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof ungodly menA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of ungodly men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἁμαρτίαsinN1A NSF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
ὁ ἐνεργῶν θησαυρίσματα γλώσσῃ ψευδεῖ μάταια διώκει ἐπὶ παγίδας θανάτου
He who makes treasures with a lying tongue pursues vanities and the snares of death.
Fraudulent wealth-seeking is exposed as empty labor that runs directly toward death's traps.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁthe oneRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνεργῶνmakingV2 · παπνσμ ἐργέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐργέω + ἐν: meaning 'making'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θησαυρίσματαtreasuresN3M APN · θησαύρισμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθησαύρισμα: meaning 'treasures'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γλώσσῃwith a tongueN1S DSF · γλῶσσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'with a tongue'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ψευδεῖlyingA3H DSM · ψευδήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψευδής: meaning 'lying'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μάταιαvanitiesA1A APN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάταιος: meaning 'vanities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διώκειpursuesV1 PAI3S · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδιώκω: meaning 'pursues'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶtowardP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παγίδαςsnaresN3D GSF · παγίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαγίς: meaning 'snares'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'of death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ὄλεθρος ἀσεβέσιν ἐπιξενωθήσεται οὐ γὰρ βούλονται πράσσειν τὰ δίκαια
Destruction will be made a stranger to the ungodly, for they are not willing to do what is just.
Their ruin is explained not by chance but by a settled refusal to practice justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὄλεθροςdestructionN2 NSM · ὄλεθροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄλεθρος: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβέσινto ungodly menA3H DPM · ἀσεβήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀσεβής: meaning 'to ungodly men'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπιξενωθήσεταιwill be broughtVC FPI3S · ξενόω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureξενόω + ἐπι: meaning 'will be brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βούλονταιthey are willingV1 PMI3P · βούλομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβούλομαι: meaning 'they are willing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πράσσεινto doV1 PAN · πράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπράσσω: meaning 'to do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰthe thingsRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκαιαjustA1A APN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'just'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
πρὸς τοὺς σκολιοὺς σκολιὰς ὁδοὺς ἀποστέλλει ὁ θεός ἁγνὰ γὰρ καὶ ὀρθὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
God sends crooked ways against the crooked, for his works are pure and right.
The proverb contrasts divine purity with the twisted path assigned to the crooked.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πρὸςagainstP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκολιοὺςcrooked onesA1A APM · σκολιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκολιός: meaning 'crooked ones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σκολιὰςcrookedA1A APF · σκολιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκολιός: meaning 'crooked'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποστέλλειsendsV1 PAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sends'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁγνὰpure thingsA1 NPN · ἁγνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁγνός: meaning 'pure things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθὰupright thingsA1 NPN · ὀρθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀρθός: meaning 'upright things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
κρεῖσσον οἰκεῖν ἐπὶ γωνίας ὑπαίθρου ἢ ἐν κεκονιαμένοις μετὰ ἀδικίας καὶ ἐν οἴκῳ κοινῷ
It is better to dwell on the corner of an open roof than in plastered rooms with injustice and in a shared house.
Domestic discomfort is preferable to companionship corrupted by injustice and strife.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κρεῖσσονbetterA3C NSN · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἰκεῖνto dwellV2 PAN · οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἰκέω: meaning 'to dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶonP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γωνίαςcornerN1A GSF · γωνίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγωνία: meaning 'corner'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπαίθρουof open airA1B GSF · ὕπαιθροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕπαιθρος: meaning 'of open air'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἢthanC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'than'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεκονιαμένοιςplastered roomsVM · χππδπμ κονιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππδπμ κονιάω: meaning 'plastered rooms'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδικίαςinjusticeN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κοινῷsharedA1 DSM · κοινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκοινός: meaning 'shared'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
10
ψυχὴ ἀσεβοῦς οὐκ ἐλεηθήσεται ὑπ' οὐδενὸς τῶν ἀνθρώπων
The soul of the ungodly will be shown no mercy by any of men.
Mercilessness rebounds upon the ungodly, who cannot presume upon human pity.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβοῦςof ungodly manA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of ungodly man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεηθήσεταιwill be shown mercyVC FPI3S · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλεέω: meaning 'will be shown mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐδενὸςno oneA3 GSM · οὐδείςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνmenN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
ζημιουμένου ἀκολάστου πανουργότερος γίνεται ὁ ἄκακος συνίων δὲ σοφὸς δέξεται γνῶσιν
When the undisciplined man is punished, the guileless becomes more shrewd; and when the wise man understands, he will receive knowledge.
Judgment on one person can become instruction for another, especially for the teachable and the wise.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ζημιουμένουwhen being punishedV4 · πμπγσμ ζημιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ ζημιόω: meaning 'when being punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀκολάστουundisciplined manA1B GSM · ἀκόλαστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκόλαστος: meaning 'undisciplined man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πανουργότεροςmore shrewdA1B NSMC · πανοῦργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπανοῦργος: meaning 'more shrewd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκακοςguileless manA1B NSM · ἄκακοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄκακος: meaning 'guileless man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνίωνunderstandingV7 · παπνσμ ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἵημι + συν: meaning 'understanding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφὸςwise manA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δέξεταιwill receiveVF FMI3S · δέχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδέχομαι: meaning 'will receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
συνίει δίκαιος καρδίας ἀσεβῶν καὶ φαυλίζει ἀσεβεῖς ἐν κακοῖς
The righteous man understands the hearts of the ungodly and brings the ungodly to ruin in evils.
The righteous are portrayed as morally perceptive, not naive about the inner life of the wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
συνίειunderstandsV7 PAI3S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵημι + συν: meaning 'understands'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteous manA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίαςheartsN1A APF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'hearts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσεβῶνof ungodly menA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of ungodly men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαυλίζειbrings lowV1 PAI3S · φαυλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφαυλίζω: meaning 'brings low'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβεῖςungodly menA3H APM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακοῖςevilsA1 DPM · κακόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
13
ὃς φράσσει τὰ ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἐπακοῦσαι ἀσθενοῦς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπικαλέσεται καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ εἰσακούων
Whoever stops his ears so as not to hear the weak, he himself will call out and there will be no one to hear him.
Refusal of compassion establishes a strict moral reciprocity: the unhearing will in turn go unheard.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φράσσειshutsV1 PAI3S · φράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφράσσω: meaning 'shuts'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦταearsN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὖς: meaning 'ears'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπακοῦσαιto hearVA AAN · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'to hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσθενοῦςweak personA3H GSM · ἀσθενήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσθενής: meaning 'weak person'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπικαλέσεταιwill call uponVF FMI3S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'will call upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιthere will beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'there will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁthe oneRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσακούωνhearingV1 · παπνσμ ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
δόσις λάθριος ἀνατρέπει ὀργάς δώρων δὲ ὁ φειδόμενος θυμὸν ἐγείρει ἰσχυρόν
A secret gift overturns angers, but the one who spares gifts stirs up strong wrath.
The saying observes the practical power of gifts, while also noting how withheld placation can intensify anger.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
δόσιςgiftN3I NSF · δόσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόσις: meaning 'gift'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λάθριοςsecretlyA1B NSF · λάθριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλάθριος: meaning 'secretly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνατρέπειoverturnsV1 PAI3S · τρέπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτρέπω + ἀνα: meaning 'overturns'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀργάςangersN1 APF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'angers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δώρωνof giftsN2N GPN · δῶρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδῶρον: meaning 'of gifts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁthe oneRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φειδόμενοςsparingV1 · πμπνσμ φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φείδομαι: meaning 'sparing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυμὸνwrathN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγείρειstirs upV1 PAI3S · ἐγείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγείρω: meaning 'stirs up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχυρόνstrongA1A ASM · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
εὐφροσύνη δικαίων ποιεῖν κρίμα ὅσιος δὲ ἀκάθαρτος παρὰ κακούργοις
It is the joy of the righteous to do judgment, but a holy man is unclean in the sight of evildoers.
What delights the righteous is morally offensive to those whose standard is evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εὐφροσύνηjoyN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'joy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίωνof righteous peopleA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of righteous people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ποιεῖνto doV2 PAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'to do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅσιοςholy personA1A NSM · ὅσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσιος: meaning 'holy person'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκάθαρτοςuncleanA1B NSM · ἀκάθαρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκάθαρτος: meaning 'unclean'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰbeforeP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακούργοιςevildoersA1B DPM · κακοῦργοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακοῦργος: meaning 'evildoers'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
16
ἀνὴρ πλανώμενος ἐξ ὁδοῦ δικαιοσύνης ἐν συναγωγῇ γιγάντων ἀναπαύσεται
A man who wanders from the way of righteousness will rest in the assembly of giants.
Departure from righteousness is imagined as a descent into a dead and monstrous company.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλανώμενοςwanderingV3 · πμπνσμ πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ πλανάω: meaning 'wandering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδοῦwayN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συναγωγῇassemblyN1 DSF · συναγωγήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυναγωγή: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γιγάντωνof giantsN3 GPM · γίγαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγίγας: meaning 'of giants'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀναπαύσεταιwill restVF FMI3S · παύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαύω + ἀνα: meaning 'will rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἀνὴρ ἐνδεὴς ἀγαπᾷ εὐφροσύνην φιλῶν οἶνον καὶ ἔλαιον εἰς πλοῦτον
A needy man loves merriment; one who loves wine and oil will not come to wealth.
Pleasure-seeking without restraint drains rather than enriches a life.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνδεὴςneedyA3H NSM · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'needy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'loves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐφροσύνηνmerrimentN1 ASF · εὐφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'merriment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φιλῶνlovingV2 · παπνσμ φιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ φιλέω: meaning 'loving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
περικάθαρμα δὲ δικαίου ἄνομος
But a lawless man is the ransom of a righteous man.
The wicked are presented as taking the place of the righteous in judgmental exchange.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
περικάθαρμαransomN3M NSN · περικάθαρμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπερικάθαρμα: meaning 'ransom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίουof a righteous manA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of a righteous man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄνομοςlawless personA1B NSM · ἄνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνομος: meaning 'lawless person'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
19
κρεῖσσον οἰκεῖν ἐν γῇ ἐρήμῳ ἢ μετὰ γυναικὸς μαχίμου καὶ γλωσσώδους καὶ ὀργίλου
It is better to dwell in a desert land than with a contentious and talkative and irascible woman.
The household comparison returns, preferring solitude in hardship to domestic warfare.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κρεῖσσονbetterA3C NSN · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἰκεῖνto dwellV2 PAN · οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἰκέω: meaning 'to dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐρήμῳdesertN2 DSF · ἔρημοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: meaning 'desert'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἢthanC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'than'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μαχίμουquarrelsomeA1B GSF · μάχιμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμάχιμος: meaning 'quarrelsome'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γλωσσώδουςtalkativeA3H GSF · γλωσσώδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλωσσώδης: meaning 'talkative'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀργίλουirascibleA1B GSF · ὀργίλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀργίλος: meaning 'irascible'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
θησαυρὸς ἐπιθυμητὸς ἀναπαύσεται ἐπὶ στόματος σοφοῦ ἄφρονες δὲ ἄνδρες καταπίονται αὐτόν
A desirable treasure will rest upon the mouth of the wise, but foolish men will swallow it up.
Wise speech stores and preserves treasure, whereas fools consume good things without measure.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
θησαυρὸςtreasureN2 NSM · θησαυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθησαυρός: meaning 'treasure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπιθυμητὸςdesirableA1 NSM · ἐπιθυμητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμητός: meaning 'desirable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀναπαύσεταιwill restVF FMI3S · παύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαύω + ἀνα: meaning 'will rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σοφοῦof wise manA1 GSM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'of wise man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄφρονεςfoolish menA3N NPM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καταπίονταιwill swallow downVF FMI3P · πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίνω + κατα: meaning 'will swallow down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνitRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
ὁδὸς δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἐλεημοσύνης εὑρήσει ζωὴν καὶ δόξαν
The way of righteousness and mercy will find life and glory.
The paired path of justice and mercy is promised both life and honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὁδὸςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεημοσύνηςof mercyN1 GSF · ἐλεημοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'of mercy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὑρήσειwill findVF FAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
22
πόλεις ὀχυρὰς ἐπέβη σοφὸς καὶ καθεῖλεν τὸ ὀχύρωμα ἐφ' ᾧ ἐπεποίθεισαν οἱ ἀσεβεῖς
A wise man mounted strong cities and pulled down the stronghold on which the ungodly had trusted.
Wisdom is pictured as stronger than fortified power when the wicked place their confidence in defenses.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀχυρὰςstrongA1A APF · ὀχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπέβηmountedVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'mounted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφὸςwise manA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθεῖλενpulled downVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + κατα: meaning 'pulled down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀχύρωμαstrongholdN3M ASN · ὀχύρωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀχύρωμα: meaning 'stronghold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐφ'onP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπεποίθεισανhad trustedVXI YAI3P · πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπείθω: meaning 'had trusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
23
ὃς φυλάσσει τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν γλῶσσαν διατηρεῖ ἐκ θλίψεως τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ
Whoever guards his mouth and his tongue keeps his soul from affliction.
Verbal discipline is treated as soul-preserving wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φυλάσσειguardsV1 PAI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφυλάσσω: meaning 'guards'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσανtongueN1S ASF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διατηρεῖkeepsV2 PAI3S · τηρέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτηρέω + δια: meaning 'keeps'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θλίψεωςafflictionN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
θρασὺς καὶ αὐθάδης καὶ ἀλαζὼν λοιμὸς καλεῖται ὃς δὲ μνησικακεῖ παράνομος
The bold and self-willed and boastful man is called a pestilence; and the lawless man bears grudges.
Arrogance and resentment are named, not excused, as socially destructive forces.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
θρασὺςboldA3U NSM · θρασύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρασύς: meaning 'bold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐθάδηςself-willedA3H NSM · αὐθάδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαὐθάδης: meaning 'self-willed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλαζὼνboastfulN3N NSM · ἀλαζώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλαζών: meaning 'boastful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λοιμὸςpestilenceA1B NSM · λοιμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλοιμός: meaning 'pestilence'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καλεῖταιis calledV2 PMI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαλέω: meaning 'is called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὃςthe one whoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'the one who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνησικακεῖbears grudgesV2 PAI3S · μνησικακέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμνησικακέω: meaning 'bears grudges'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παράνομοςlawless personA1B NSM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless person'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
25
ἐπιθυμίαι ὀκνηρὸν ἀποκτείνουσιν οὐ γὰρ προαιροῦνται αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ποιεῖν τι
The desires of the sluggard kill him, for his hands do not choose to do anything.
His ruin comes not from lack of desire but from desire severed from work.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐπιθυμίαιdesiresN1A NPF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desires'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀκνηρὸνsluggardA1A ASM · ὀκνηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀκνηρός: meaning 'sluggard'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποκτείνουσινkillV1 PAI3P · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προαιροῦνταιthey chooseV2 PMI3P · αἱρέω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἱρέω + προ: meaning 'they choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖρεςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιεῖνto doV2 PAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'to do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιanythingRI ASN · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτι: meaning 'anything'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
26
ἀσεβὴς ἐπιθυμεῖ ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἐπιθυμίας κακάς ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐλεᾷ καὶ οἰκτίρει ἀφειδῶς
The ungodly desires evil desires the whole day, but the righteous shows mercy and compassion without sparing.
Insatiable wicked craving is opposed to openhanded righteous generosity.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀσεβὴςungodly personA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly person'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπιθυμεῖdesiresV2 PAI3S · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'desires'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιθυμίαςdesiresN1A APF · ἐπιθυμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desires'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κακάςevilA1 APF · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁthe oneRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλεᾷshows mercyV3 PAI3S · ἐλεάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐλεάω: meaning 'shows mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκτίρειshows compassionV1 PAI3S · οἰκτείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκτείρω: meaning 'shows compassion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀφειδῶςunsparinglyD · ἀφειδῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀφειδῶς: meaning 'unsparingly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
27
θυσίαι ἀσεβῶν βδέλυγμα κυρίῳ καὶ γὰρ παρανόμως προσφέρουσιν αὐτάς
The sacrifices of the ungodly are an abomination to the Lord, for they offer them unlawfully.
Cultic acts without justice are not neutral; they are offensive precisely because they are lawless offerings.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
θυσίαιsacrificesN1A NPF · θυσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσία: meaning 'sacrifices'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβῶνof ungodly menA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of ungodly men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίῳto the LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'to the Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρανόμωςlawlesslyD · παρανόμωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπαρανόμως: meaning 'lawlessly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσφέρουσινthey offerV1 PAI3P · φέρω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφέρω + προς: meaning 'they offer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτάς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
28
μάρτυς ψευδὴς ἀπολεῖται ἀνὴρ δὲ ὑπήκοος φυλασσόμενος λαλήσει
A false witness will perish, but a guarded obedient man will speak.
False testimony collapses, while disciplined hearing makes for durable speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μάρτυςwitnessN3 NSM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάρτυς: meaning 'witness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψευδὴςfalseA3H NSM · ψευδήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπολεῖταιwill perishVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπήκοοςobedientN2 NSM · ὑπήκοοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπήκοος: meaning 'obedient'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φυλασσόμενοςbeing guardedV1 · πμπνσμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'being guarded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαλήσειwill speakVF FAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαλέω: meaning 'will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
ἀσεβὴς ἀνὴρ ἀναιδῶς ὑφίσταται προσώπῳ ὁ δὲ εὐθὴς αὐτὸς συνίει τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ
An ungodly man shamelessly sets his face, but the upright man understands his own ways.
Brazen self-presentation is opposed to the self-understanding of the upright.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀναιδῶςshamelesslyD · ἀναιδῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀναιδῶς: meaning 'shamelessly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑφίσταταιsets himselfV6 PMI3S · ἵστημι + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵστημι + ὑπο: meaning 'sets himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσώπῳin faceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'in face'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁthe oneRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐθὴςuprightA3H NSM · εὐθήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθής: meaning 'upright'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνίειunderstandsV7 PAI3S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵημι + συν: meaning 'understands'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
30
οὐκ ἔστιν σοφία οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνδρεία οὐκ ἔστιν βουλὴ πρὸς τὸν ἀσεβῆ
There is no wisdom, there is no courage, there is no counsel against the ungodly.
The saying strips false confidence bare: no human resource can finally secure the wicked against judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνδρείαcourageN1A NSF · ἀνδρείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνδρεία: meaning 'courage'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςagainstP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῆungodlyA3H ASM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
31
ἵππος ἑτοιμάζεται εἰς ἡμέραν πολέμου παρὰ δὲ κυρίου ἡ βοήθεια
A horse is prepared for the day of war, but help is from the Lord.
The chapter closes by subordinating military readiness to divine aid, completing the opening theme of God's superior rule over power.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἵπποςhorseN2 NSM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἑτοιμάζεταιis preparedV1 PMI3S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'is prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πολέμουof warN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'of war'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοήθειαhelpN1A NSF · βοήθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.