1
ἐὰν καθίσῃς δειπνεῖν ἐπὶ τραπέζης δυναστῶν νοητῶς νόει τὰ παρατιθέμενά σοι
If you sit down to dine at the table of rulers, consider carefully what is set before you.
The chapter opens with a warning about proximity to power. Shared food is not neutral here; it requires alert discernment rather than naive appetite.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθίσῃςsettle / dwellVA AAS2S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵζω + κατα: meaning 'settle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δειπνεῖνto dineV2 PAN · δειπνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδειπνέω: meaning 'to dine'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τραπέζηςTrapezesN1S GSF · τράπεζαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτράπεζα: meaning 'Trapezes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δυναστῶνrulerN1M GPM · δυνάστηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδυνάστης: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νοητῶςcarefullyD · νοητῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνοητῶς: meaning 'carefully'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νόειconsiderV2 PAD2S · νοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateνοέω: meaning 'consider'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρατιθέμενάthings set beforeV7 · πμπαπν τίθημι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν τίθημι + παρα: meaning 'things set before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
καὶ ἐπίβαλλε τὴν χεῖρά σου εἰδὼς ὅτι τοιαῦτά σε δεῖ παρασκευάσαι
And put your hand there, knowing that you must prepare such things for yourself.
Self-restraint is made concrete through bodily imagery. The hearer must govern his own appetite before he imagines receiving from the powerful.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίβαλλεlay uponV1 PAD2S · βάλλω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'lay upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράcheiraN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'cheira'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰδὼςknowingVX · χαπνσμ ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ ὁράω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοιαῦτάsuch thingsA1 APN · τοιοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δεῖoughtV2 PAI3S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέω: meaning 'ought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρασκευάσαιto prepareVA AAN · σκευάζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσκευάζω + παρα: meaning 'to prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
εἰ δὲ ἀπληστότερος εἶ μὴ ἐπιθύμει τῶν ἐδεσμάτων αὐτοῦ ταῦτα γὰρ ἔχεται ζωῆς ψευδοῦς
But if you are more insatiable, do not desire his delicacies, for these belong to a false life.
The rich man's food is exposed as deceptive nourishment. What looks desirable participates in a life bent by falsehood.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰεἰC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'εἰ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπληστότεροςmore insatiableA1B NSMC · ἄπληστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄπληστος: meaning 'more insatiable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶareV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθύμειdesireV2 PAD2S · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'desire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐδεσμάτωνdelicaciesN3M GPN · ἔδεσμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔδεσμα: meaning 'delicacies'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχεταιbelong toV1 PMI3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'belong to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ψευδοῦςfalseA3H GSF · ψευδήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
μὴ παρεκτείνου πένης ὢν πλουσίῳ τῇ δὲ σῇ ἐννοίᾳ ἀπόσχου
Do not overstretch yourself, poor as you are, toward becoming rich; hold back from your own scheming.
The saying turns from table discipline to economic desire. Human calculation about wealth is treated as dangerous when it outruns wisdom and limits.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεκτείνουstretch yourself outV1 PPD2S · τείνω + παρα + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτείνω + παρα + ἐκ: meaning 'stretch yourself out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πένηςpoorN3T NSM · πένηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπένης: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλουσίῳrich manA1A DSM · πλούσιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλούσιος: meaning 'rich man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇthatRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σῇyourA1 DSF · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐννοίᾳthoughtN1A DSF · ἐννοίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐννοία: meaning 'thought'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπόσχουhold backVB AMD2S · ἔχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'hold back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
ἐὰν ἐπιστήσῃς τὸ σὸν ὄμμα πρὸς αὐτόν οὐδαμοῦ φανεῖται κατεσκεύασται γὰρ αὐτῷ πτέρυγες ὥσπερ ἀετοῦ καὶ ὑποστρέφει εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ προεστηκότος αὐτοῦ
If you fix your eye on it, it will appear nowhere, for wings have been prepared for it like an eagle's, and it returns to the house of its owner.
Riches are unstable and birdlike in their departure. The eye's fixation is rebuked by the speed with which wealth escapes control.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστήσῃςfixVA AAS2S · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'fix'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὸνyourA1 ASN · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὄμμαeyeN3M ASN · ὄμμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄμμα: meaning 'eye'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδαμοῦnowhereD · οὐδαμοῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδαμοῦ: meaning 'nowhere'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φανεῖταιwill appearVF2 FMI3S · φαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφαίνω: meaning 'will appear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατεσκεύασταιhave been preparedVT XMI3S · σκευάζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσκευάζω + κατα: meaning 'have been prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷwith himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'with him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πτέρυγεςwingsN3G APF · πτέρυξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτέρυξ: meaning 'wings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀετοῦof an eagleN2 GSM · ἀετόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀετός: meaning 'of an eagle'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποστρέφειreturnsV1 PAI3S · στρέφω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ὑπο: meaning 'returns'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προεστηκότοςowner / one presidingVXI XAPGSM I(/STHMI PROverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationπροεστηκότος: meaning 'owner'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
μὴ συνδείπνει ἀνδρὶ βασκάνῳ μηδὲ ἐπιθύμει τῶν βρωμάτων αὐτοῦ
Do not dine with an envious man, nor desire his foods.
Not every invitation into intimacy is safe. The host's inward disposition determines whether the meal nourishes or corrupts.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνδείπνειdine withV2 PAD2S · δειπνέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδειπνέω + συν: meaning 'dine with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βασκάνῳenviousA1B DSM · βάσκανοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβάσκανος: meaning 'envious'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'and do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθύμειdesireV2 PAD2S · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'desire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βρωμάτωνfoodN3M GPN · βρῶμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβρῶμα: meaning 'food'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
ὃν τρόπον γὰρ εἴ τις καταπίοι τρίχα οὕτως ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει
For in the way that someone might swallow a hair, so he eats and drinks.
The saying renders the envious host's hospitality unnatural and disturbing. What seems ordinary fellowship is inwardly disordered.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τρόπονformN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρόπος: meaning 'form'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιςsomeoneRI NSM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτις: meaning 'someone'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταπίοιmight swallow downVB AAO3S · πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίνω + κατα: meaning 'might swallow down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρίχαa hairN3 ASF · θρίξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρίξ: meaning 'a hair'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσθίειeatV1 PAI3S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίνειdrinkV1 PAI3S · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
μηδὲ πρὸς σὲ εἰσαγάγῃς αὐτὸν καὶ φάγῃς τὸν ψωμόν σου μετ' αὐτοῦ ἐξεμέσει γὰρ αὐτὸν καὶ λυμανεῖται τοὺς λόγους σου τοὺς καλούς
Nor bring him in to yourself and eat your morsel with him, for he will vomit it up and ruin your good words.
False companionship wastes both food and speech. The guest's generosity and gracious words are spoiled by the other's corrupt heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'and do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰσαγάγῃςbring inVB AAS2S · ἄγω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'bring in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγῃςeatVB AAS2S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψωμόνmorselN2 ASM · ψωμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψωμός: meaning 'morsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξεμέσειhe will vomit upVF FAI3S · ἐμέσω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐμέσω + ἐκ: meaning 'he will vomit up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυμανεῖταιwill ruinV2 PMI3S · λυμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλυμαίνω: meaning 'will ruin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλούςgoodA1 APM · καλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
εἰς ὦτα ἄφρονος μηδὲν λέγε μήποτε μυκτηρίσῃ τοὺς συνετοὺς λόγους σου
Say nothing into the ears of a fool, lest he mock your prudent words.
Instruction must be given with judgment about the hearer. Wisdom is not obliged to cast itself before contempt.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὦταearsN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὖς: meaning 'ears'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄφρονοςof a foolA3N GSM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'of a fool'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μηδὲνnothingA3P ASN · μηδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμηδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λέγεsayV1 PAD2S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μυκτηρίσῃhe mockVA AAS3S · μυκτηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμυκτηρίζω: meaning 'he mock'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνετοὺςunderstanding menA1 APM · συνετόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυνετός: meaning 'understanding men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
μὴ μεταθῇς ὅρια αἰώνια εἰς δὲ κτῆμα ὀρφανῶν μὴ εἰσέλθῃς
Do not move ancient boundaries, and do not enter into the property of orphans.
Inherited limits and vulnerable claims are guarded together. Economic aggression against the weak is treated as a direct moral trespass.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταθῇςmoveV2 PAS2S · τίθημι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι + μετα: meaning 'move'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰώνιαancientA1B APN · αἰώνιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰώνιος: meaning 'ancient'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτῆμαpossessionN3M ASN · κτῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκτῆμα: meaning 'possession'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀρφανῶνorphanosA1 GPM · ὀρφανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀρφανός: meaning 'orphanos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσέλθῃςyou enterVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'you enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
ὁ γὰρ λυτρούμενος αὐτοὺς κύριος κραταιός ἐστιν καὶ κρινεῖ τὴν κρίσιν αὐτῶν μετὰ σοῦ
For the Lord who redeems them is strong, and he will judge their case against you.
The orphan is not abandoned to human power. Divine redemption here appears in juridical form, as the Lord himself takes up their lawsuit.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυτρούμενοςredeemsV4 · πμπνσμ λυτρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ λυτρόω: meaning 'redeems'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κραταιόςstrongA1A NSM · κραταιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκραταιός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρινεῖkrinoVF2 FAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
δὸς εἰς παιδείαν τὴν καρδίαν σου τὰ δὲ ὦτά σου ἑτοίμασον λόγοις αἰσθήσεως
Give your heart to discipline, and prepare your ears for words of perception.
The chapter turns inward toward teachability. Wisdom begins with a willingly shaped heart and ears ready for disciplined hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὦτάearN3T APN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὖς: meaning 'ear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἑτοίμασονprepareVA AAD2S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγοιςword, matterN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word, matter'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αἰσθήσεωςperceptionN3I GSF · αἴσθησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἴσθησις: meaning 'perception'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
μὴ ἀπόσχῃ νήπιον παιδεύειν ὅτι ἐὰν πατάξῃς αὐτὸν ῥάβδῳ οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ
Do not hold back from disciplining a child, for if you strike him with a rod, he will certainly not die.
The saying defends correction against sentimental refusal. Proper discipline is presented as painful mercy rather than destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπόσχῃwithholdVB AAS3S · ἔχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'withhold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νήπιονinfantA1A ASM · νήπιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνήπιος: meaning 'infant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παιδεύεινto disciplineV1 PAN · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπαιδεύω: meaning 'to discipline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατάξῃςyou strikeVA AAS2S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπατάσσω: meaning 'you strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ῥάβδῳrodN2 DSF · ῥάβδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥάβδος: meaning 'rod'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθάνῃshe diesVB AAS3S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'she dies'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
σὺ μὲν γὰρ πατάξεις αὐτὸν ῥάβδῳ τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου ῥύσῃ
For you will strike him with a rod, but you will rescue his soul from death.
The outward blow is contrasted with a deeper saving purpose. Correction aims beyond discomfort toward deliverance from ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατάξειςstruckVF FAI2S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ῥάβδῳrodN2 DSF · ῥάβδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥάβδος: meaning 'rod'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'of death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ῥύσῃyou will rescueVF FMI2S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥύομαι: meaning 'you will rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
υἱέ ἐὰν σοφὴ γένηταί σου ἡ καρδία εὐφρανεῖς καὶ τὴν ἐμὴν καρδίαν
My son, if your heart becomes wise, you will gladden my heart as well.
Wisdom is relational rather than merely technical. The son's inner formation becomes joy in the father who teaches him.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφὴwiseA1 NSF · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γένηταίbecomesVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐφρανεῖςyou will gladdenVF2 FAI2S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'you will gladden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμὴνmyA1 ASF · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
16
καὶ ἐνδιατρίψει λόγοις τὰ σὰ χείλη πρὸς τὰ ἐμὰ χείλη ἐὰν ὀρθὰ ὦσιν
And your lips will linger over words in response to my lips, if they are upright.
The goal of instruction includes fitting speech. Upright words create a living reciprocity between teacher and hearer.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδιατρίψειwill linger overVF FAI3S · τρίβω + ἐν + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + ἐν + δια: meaning 'will linger over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγοιςword, matterN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word, matter'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὰyourA1 NPN · σόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χείληlipsN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμὰmineA1 APN · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'mine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χείληlipsN3E APN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθὰstraight aheadA1 APN · ὀρθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀρθός: meaning 'straight ahead'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὦσινearsN3T DPN · οὖςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοὖς: meaning 'ears'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
17
μὴ ζηλούτω ἡ καρδία σου ἁμαρτωλούς ἀλλὰ ἐν φόβῳ κυρίου ἴσθι ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν
Let not your heart envy sinners, but be in the fear of the Lord all the day.
Envy is redirected away from apparent success in sin. The lasting posture proposed in its place is steady reverence before the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζηλούτωlet envyV4 PAD3S · ζηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζηλόω: meaning 'let envy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁμαρτωλούςsinnersA1B APM · ἁμαρτωλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἴσθιbeV9 PAD2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
ἐὰν γὰρ τηρήσῃς αὐτά ἔσται σοι ἔκγονα ἡ δὲ ἐλπίς σου οὐκ ἀποστήσεται
For if you keep these things, there will be offspring for you, and your hope will not depart.
The proverb joins obedience to future and continuity. The reward is not momentary pleasure but an uncut hope.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τηρήσῃςkeepVA AAS2S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτηρέω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάhe, she, itRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔκγοναoffspringA1B NPN · ἔκγονοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔκγονος: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλπίςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστήσεταιshall departVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'shall depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
ἄκουε υἱέ καὶ σοφὸς γίνου καὶ κατεύθυνε ἐννοίας σῆς καρδίας
Hear, my son, and become wise, and direct the thoughts of your heart.
Wisdom again begins with listening, but now the emphasis falls on governing the inward traffic of thought.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἄκουεhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφὸςwise manA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γίνουbeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεύθυνεdirectV1 PAD2S · εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'direct'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐννοίαςthoughtsN1A APF · ἐννοίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐννοία: meaning 'thoughts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σῆςyourA1 GSF · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
μὴ ἴσθι οἰνοπότης μηδὲ ἐκτείνου συμβολαῖς κρεῶν τε ἀγορασμοῖς
Do not be a wine-drinker, nor stretch yourself out at banquets of meat-purchases.
The chapter gathers intoxication and indulgent feasting under one discipline of appetite. Desire misruled becomes a social habit and a moral threat.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴσθιbeV9 PAD2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἰνοπότηςwine-drinkerN1M NSN · οἰνοπότηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰνοπότης: meaning 'wine-drinker'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'and do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτείνουstretch yourself outV1 PMD2S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretch yourself out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συμβολαῖςat banquetsN1 DPF · συμβολήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυμβολή: meaning 'at banquets'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κρεῶνfleshN3 GPN · κρέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρέας: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγορασμοῖςpurchasesN2 DPM · ἀγορασμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγορασμός: meaning 'purchases'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
21
πᾶς γὰρ μέθυσος καὶ πορνοκόπος πτωχεύσει καὶ ἐνδύσεται διερρηγμένα καὶ ῥακώδη πᾶς ὑπνώδης
For every drunkard and fornicator will become poor, and every drowsy man will clothe himself with torn and ragged things.
The end of excess is public diminishment. Poverty, disorder, and humiliation expose the false promise of indulgence.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέθυσοςdrunkardA1B NSM · μέθυσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέθυσος: meaning 'drunkard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορνοκόποςfornicatorA1B NSM · πορνοκόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπορνοκόπος: meaning 'fornicator'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πτωχεύσειwill become poorVF FAI3S · πτωχεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπτωχεύω: meaning 'will become poor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύσεταιwill clothe himselfVF FMI3S · δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύω + ἐν: meaning 'will clothe himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διερρηγμέναVMI XMPAPN R(H/GNUMI DIAVMI XMPAPN R(H/GNUMI DIAverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationδιερρηγμένα: meaning 'VMI XMPAPN R(H'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥακώδηragged thingsN3H APN · ῥακώδηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥακώδης: meaning 'ragged things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπνώδηςdrowsy manA3H NSM · ὑπνώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπνώδης: meaning 'drowsy man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
22
ἄκουε υἱέ πατρὸς τοῦ γεννήσαντός σε καὶ μὴ καταφρόνει ὅτι γεγήρακέν σου ἡ μήτηρ
Hear, my son, your father who begot you, and do not despise your mother because she has grown old.
Honor for parents is pressed into the difficult territory of aging and decline. Wisdom resists contempt precisely where weakness becomes visible.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἄκουεhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεννήσαντόςwho begotVA · ααπγσμ γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγσμ γεννάω: meaning 'who begot'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφρόνειdespise / think lightly ofV2 PAD2S · φρονέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφρονέω + κατα: meaning 'despise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεγήρακένhas grown oldVX XAI3S · γηράσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγηράσκω: meaning 'has grown old'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
24
καλῶς ἐκτρέφει πατὴρ δίκαιος ἐπὶ δὲ υἱῷ σοφῷ εὐφραίνεται ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ
A righteous father rears well, and over a wise son his soul rejoices.
The chapter returns to the joy generated by intergenerational fidelity. Wise children are treated as the true fruition of righteous nurture.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καλῶςwellD · καλῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαλῶς: meaning 'well'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτρέφειrearsV1 PAI3S · τρέφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτρέφω + ἐκ: meaning 'rears'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίκαιοςjustA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'just'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱῷto the sonN2 DSM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'to the son'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σοφῷto a wise manA1 DSM · σοφόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφός: meaning 'to a wise man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐφραίνεταιrejoicesV1 PMI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoices'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
εὐφραινέσθω ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ἡ μήτηρ ἐπὶ σοί καὶ χαιρέτω ἡ τεκοῦσά σε
Let your father and mother rejoice over you, and let her who bore you be glad.
The hearer is urged to live in a way that becomes delight, not grief, to his parents.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐφραινέσθωlet rejoiceV1 PMD3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐφραίνω: meaning 'let rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαιρέτωlet be gladV1 PAD3S · χαίρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαίρω: meaning 'let be glad'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεκοῦσάwho boreVB · ααπνσφ τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσφ τίκτω: meaning 'who bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
26
δός μοι υἱέ σὴν καρδίαν οἱ δὲ σοὶ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἐμὰς ὁδοὺς τηρείτωσαν
Give me your heart, my son, and let your eyes keep my ways.
The central demand of wisdom teaching is interior allegiance. Heart and eyes alike must be brought under the path of the instructor.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
δόςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιfrom meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'from me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
σὴνyourA1 ASF · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοὶsoiRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'soi'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμὰςmyA1 APF · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τηρείτωσανlet them keepV2 PAD3P · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτηρέω: meaning 'let them keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
πίθος γὰρ τετρημένος ἐστὶν ἀλλότριος οἶκος καὶ φρέαρ στενὸν ἀλλότριον
For the strange house is a pierced jar, and the foreign woman is a narrow well.
Illicit sexuality is pictured through damaged and constricting containers. What appears alluring is unstable, confining, and ultimately unsafe.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πίθοςjarN2 NSM · πίθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπίθος: meaning 'jar'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρημένοςpiercedVM · χππνσμ τετραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ τετραίνω: meaning 'pierced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλότριοςforeignerA1A NSM · ἀλλότριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreigner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρέαρwellN3T NSN · φρέαρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρέαρ: meaning 'well'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στενὸνnarrowA1 NSN · στενόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστενός: meaning 'narrow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλότριονstrangeA1A NSN · ἀλλότριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'strange'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
28
οὗτος γὰρ συντόμως ἀπολεῖται καὶ πᾶς παράνομος ἀναλωθήσεται
For this will quickly be destroyed, and every lawless man will be consumed.
The proverb generalizes the danger into a wider lawlessness. Sexual disorder is one expression of a path that burns itself out.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντόμωςquicklyD · συντόμωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσυντόμως: meaning 'quickly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολεῖταιwill perishVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παράνομοςlawless personA1B NSM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless person'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀναλωθήσεταιwill be consumedVC FPI3S · ἁλίσκω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἁλίσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'will be consumed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
τίνι οὐαί τίνι θόρυβος τίνι κρίσις τίνι ἀηδίαι καὶ λέσχαι τίνι συντρίμματα διὰ κενῆς τίνος πέλειοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοί
For whom are woes? For whom turmoil? For whom strife? For whom vexations and talkings? For whom bruises without cause? Whose eyes are pale?
The anti-drinking unit begins diagnostically. A string of questions piles up the social, bodily, and emotional signs of intoxication's misery.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐαίalasI · οὐαίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαί: meaning 'alas'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θόρυβοςuproarN2 NSM · θόρυβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθόρυβος: meaning 'uproar'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρίσιςκρίσιςN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'κρίσις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀηδίαιvexationsN1A NPF · ἀηδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀηδία: meaning 'vexations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέσχαιtalkingsN1 NPF · λέσχηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέσχη: meaning 'talkings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συντρίμματαcrushingN3M NPN · σύντριμμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύντριμμα: meaning 'crushing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κενῆςcauseA1 GSF · κενόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκενός: meaning 'cause'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τίνοςwho? / what?RI GSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτίνος: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πέλειοιpaleA1A NPM · πέλειοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπέλειος: meaning 'pale'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
30
οὐ τῶν ἐγχρονιζόντων ἐν οἴνοις οὐ τῶν ἰχνευόντων ποῦ πότοι γίνονται
Is it not for those who linger over wines, for those who track down where drinking bouts happen?
The answer reveals that this misery is not accidental. It belongs to those who seek out the places and patterns of excess.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγχρονιζόντωνlingeringV1 · παπγπμ χρονίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ χρονίζω + ἐν: meaning 'lingering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴνοιςwinesN2 DPM · οἶνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶνος: meaning 'wines'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰχνευόντωνtracking downV1 · παπγπμ ἰχνεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ἰχνεύω: meaning 'tracking down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποῦ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πότοιdrinking boutsN2 NPM · πότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπότος: meaning 'drinking bouts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γίνονταιbecomeV1 PMI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
31
μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ ἀλλὰ ὁμιλεῖτε ἀνθρώποις δικαίοις καὶ ὁμιλεῖτε ἐν περιπάτοις ἐὰν γὰρ εἰς τὰς φιάλας καὶ τὰ ποτήρια δῷς τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου ὕστερον περιπατήσεις γυμνότερος ὑπέρου
Do not get drunk with wine, but keep company with righteous people and walk about with them; for if you give your eyes to bowls and cups, afterward you will walk barer than a pestle.
The prohibition is framed socially as well as morally. The eyes that linger over drink end in exposed, stripped-down disgrace.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθύσκεσθεget drunkV1 PMD2P · μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμεθύω: meaning 'get drunk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἴνῳwineN2 DSM · οἶνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμιλεῖτεassociateV2 PAD2P · ὁμιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁμιλέω: meaning 'associate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθρώποιςhuman beingN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δικαίοιςrighteousA1A DPM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμιλεῖτεassociateV2 PAD2P · ὁμιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁμιλέω: meaning 'associate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
περιπάτοιςin walksN2 DPM · περίπατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπερίπατος: meaning 'in walks'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φιάλαςbowlN1 APF · φιάληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφιάλη: meaning 'bowl'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποτήριαcupsN2N APN · ποτήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποτήριον: meaning 'cups'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δῷςyou giveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'you give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμούςeyeN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὕστερονlaterD · ὕστερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὕστερον: meaning 'later'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιπατήσειςyou will walk aboutVF FAI2S · πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατέω + περι: meaning 'you will walk about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυμνότεροςmore nakedA1 NSMC · γυμνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυμνός: meaning 'more naked'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπέρουthan a pestleV1 PMD2S · ἔρομαι + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρομαι + ὑπο: meaning 'than a pestle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
32
τὸ δὲ ἔσχατον ὥσπερ ὑπὸ ὄφεως πεπληγὼς ἐκτείνεται καὶ ὥσπερ ὑπὸ κεράστου διαχεῖται αὐτῷ ὁ ἰός
And in the end, like one struck by a serpent he stretches out, and like one bitten by a horned snake its venom is poured upon him.
Wine's pleasant onset conceals a venomous ending. The image of snakebite makes intoxication's aftermath bodily and inescapable.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσχατονthe endA1 ASN · ἔσχατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄφεωςof a serpentN3I GSM · ὄφιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄφις: meaning 'of a serpent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πεπληγὼςhaving been struckVX · χαπνσμ πλήσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πλήσσω: meaning 'having been struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκτείνεταιis spreadV1 PMI3S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'is spread'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεράστουa horned snakeN1M GSM · κεράστηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεράστης: meaning 'a horned snake'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διαχεῖταιis poured outV2 PPI3S · χέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχέω + δια: meaning 'is poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷwith himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'with him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰόςvenomN2 NSM · ἰόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
33
οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου ὅταν ἴδωσιν ἀλλοτρίαν τὸ στόμα σου τότε λαλήσει σκολιά
When your eyes see a strange woman, then your mouth will speak crooked things.
The intoxicated gaze bends into disordered desire and then into distorted speech. Moral collapse moves through both sight and mouth.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτανwheneverD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδωσινseeVB AAS3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλοτρίανforeignA1A ASF · ἀλλότριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσειwill speakVF FAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαλέω: meaning 'will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκολιάcrooked thingsA1A APN · σκολιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκολιός: meaning 'crooked things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
34
καὶ κατακείσῃ ὥσπερ ἐν καρδίᾳ θαλάσσης καὶ ὥσπερ κυβερνήτης ἐν πολλῷ κλύδωνι
And you will lie down as though in the heart of the sea, and like a helmsman in a great surge.
Drunkenness is figured as maritime instability. The drinker becomes like one suspended inside unmastered motion and danger.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακείσῃyou will lie downVF FMI2S · κεῖμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκεῖμαι + κατα: meaning 'you will lie down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυβερνήτηςhelmsmanN1M NSM · κυβερνήτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκυβερνήτης: meaning 'helmsman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολλῷgreatA1 DSM · πολύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολύς: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κλύδωνιsurgeN3W DSM · κλύδωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκλύδων: meaning 'surge'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
35
ἐρεῖς δέ τύπτουσίν με καὶ οὐκ ἐπόνεσα καὶ ἐνέπαιξάν μοι ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ ᾔδειν πότε ὄρθρος ἔσται ἵνα ἐλθὼν ζητήσω μεθ' ὧν συνελεύσομαι
And you will say, 'They beat me, and I did not feel pain; they mocked me, and I did not know it. When will morning come, so that I may go and seek those with whom I may consort?'
The final line gives the addicted voice to itself. Even after pain and ridicule, the speaker wakes not to repentance but to renewed pursuit of the same company.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τύπτουσίνthey beatV1 PAI3P · τύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτύπτω: meaning 'they beat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπόνεσαπονεωVAI AAI1S · πονέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπονέω: meaning 'πονεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέπαιξάνthey mockedVAI AAI3P · παίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπαίζω + ἐν: meaning 'they mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιfrom meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'from me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾔδεινknewVX YAI1S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'knew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πότεpoteD · πότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπότε: meaning 'pote'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄρθροςdawn / daybreakN2 NSM · ὄρθροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρθρος: meaning 'dawn'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλθὼνcomeVB · ααπνσμ ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζητήσωI will seekVA AAS1S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyζητέω: meaning 'I will seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνελεύσομαιI will consortVF FMI1S · ἔρχομαι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + συν: meaning 'I will consort'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.