1
υἱέ μὴ ζηλώσῃς κακοὺς ἄνδρας μηδὲ ἐπιθυμήσῃς εἶναι μετ' αὐτῶν
My son, do not envy evil men, nor desire to be with them.
The chapter opens with a paternal prohibition against admiring or joining the company of the wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
υἱέmy sonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'my son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζηλώσῃςenvyVA AAS2S · ζηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyζηλόω: meaning 'envy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακοὺςevilA1 APM · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνδραςmenN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθυμήσῃςdesireVA AAS2S · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'desire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
ψεύδη γὰρ μελετᾷ ἡ καρδία αὐτῶν καὶ πόνους τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν λαλεῖ
For their heart meditates falsehoods, and their lips speak troubles.
The reason for avoiding such men is internal and verbal: deceit in the heart issues in harmful speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ψεύδηfalsehoodsA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'falsehoods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μελετᾷmeditatesV3 PAI3S · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμελετάω: meaning 'meditates'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόνουςtroublesN2 APM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόνος: meaning 'troubles'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείληlipsN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λαλεῖspeaksV2 PAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλαλέω: meaning 'speaks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
μετὰ σοφίας οἰκοδομεῖται οἶκος καὶ μετὰ συνέσεως ἀνορθοῦται
By wisdom a house is built, and by understanding it is set upright.
Household stability is grounded not in force but in wisdom and understanding.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἰκοδομεῖταιis builtV2 PPI3S · οἰκοδομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'is built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συνέσεωςunderstandingN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνορθοῦταιis set uprightV4 PPI3S · ὀρθόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὀρθόω + ἀνα: meaning 'is set upright'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
μετὰ αἰσθήσεως ἐμπίμπλαται ταμίεια ἐκ παντὸς πλούτου τιμίου καὶ καλοῦ
By perception storerooms are filled with every precious and beautiful kind of wealth.
The chapter extends house-building into ordered abundance produced by informed discernment.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰσθήσεωςperceptionN3I GSF · αἴσθησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἴσθησις: meaning 'perception'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐμπίμπλαταιis filledV6 PMI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'is filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταμίειαstoreroomsN2N NPN · ταμιεῖονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταμιεῖον: meaning 'storerooms'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκwithP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλούτουwealthN2 GSM · πλοῦτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τιμίουpreciousA1A GSM · τίμιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτίμιος: meaning 'precious'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλοῦbeautifulA1 GSM · καλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
κρείσσων σοφὸς ἰσχυροῦ καὶ ἀνὴρ φρόνησιν ἔχων γεωργίου μεγάλου
A wise man is better than a strong man, and a man who has prudence is better than a great estate.
Wisdom and prudence are valued above brute strength and even large productive property.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰσχυροῦstrong manA1A GSM · ἰσχυρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'strong man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρόνησινprudenceN3I ASF · φρόνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'prudence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχωνhavingV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γεωργίουestateN2N GSN · γεώργιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγεώργιον: meaning 'estate'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSN · μέγαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
μετὰ κυβερνήσεως γίνεται πόλεμος βοήθεια δὲ μετὰ καρδίας βουλευτικῆς
With good steering war is waged, and help comes with a heart fit for counsel.
Conflict requires ordered guidance and inward deliberation rather than rash force.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυβερνήσεωςsteeringN3I GSF · κυβέρνησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκυβέρνησις: meaning 'steering'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόλεμοςwarN2 NSM · πόλεμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βοήθειαhelpN1A NSF · βοήθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίαςof a heartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'of a heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βουλευτικῆςfit for counselA1 GSF · βουλευτικόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβουλευτικός: meaning 'fit for counsel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
σοφία καὶ ἔννοια ἀγαθὴ ἐν πύλαις σοφῶν σοφοὶ οὐκ ἐκκλίνουσιν ἐκ στόματος κυρίου
Wisdom and good understanding are in the gates of the wise; the wise do not turn aside from the mouth of the Lord.
Public judgment and true wisdom remain aligned with receptivity to the Lord's speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔννοιαunderstandingN1A NSF · ἔννοιαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔννοια: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθὴgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σοφῶνof the wiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'of the wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σοφοὶthe wiseA1 NPM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'the wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκλίνουσινturn asideV1 PAI3P · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκwithP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
ἀλλὰ λογίζονται ἐν συνεδρίοις ἀπαιδεύτοις συναντᾷ θάνατος
But among undisciplined councils they take counsel, and death meets them.
Where counsel is sought without discipline, the outcome is not wisdom but destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λογίζονταιtake counselV1 PMI3P · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλογίζομαι: meaning 'take counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συνεδρίοιςcouncilsN2N DPN · συνέδριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυνέδριον: meaning 'councils'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπαιδεύτοιςundisciplinedA1B DPN · ἀπαίδευτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπαίδευτος: meaning 'undisciplined'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συναντᾷmeetsV3 PAI3S · ἀντάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀντάω + συν: meaning 'meets'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
ἀποθνῄσκει δὲ ἄφρων ἐν ἁμαρτίαις ἀκαθαρσία δὲ ἀνδρὶ λοιμῷ ἐμμολυνθήσεται
A fool dies in sins, and impurity will be defiled in a pestilent man.
The saying compresses folly, sin, and contagion into a stark picture of moral uncleanness ending in death.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀποθνῄσκειdiesV1 PAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'dies'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinsN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀκαθαρσίαimpurityN1A NSF · ἀκαθαρσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκαθαρσία: meaning 'impurity'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνδρὶin a manN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'in a man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λοιμῷpestilentA1B DSM · λοιμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλοιμός: meaning 'pestilent'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐμμολυνθήσεταιwill be defiledVCI API3S · μολύνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμολύνω + ἐν: meaning 'will be defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κακῇ καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ θλίψεως ἕως ἂν ἐκλίπῃ
In an evil day and in a day of affliction, hold out until you fail not.
The proverb presses endurance in adversity rather than collapse under pressure.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κακῇevilA1 DSF · κακόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θλίψεωςafflictionN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλίπῃyou failVB AAS3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'you fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
ῥῦσαι ἀγομένους εἰς θάνατον καὶ ἐκπρίου κτεινομένους μὴ φείσῃ
Rescue those being led to death, and do not spare those being drawn off to be killed.
Wisdom here takes active, costly form in intervening for the endangered.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ῥῦσαιrescueVA AMD2S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγομένουςthose being ledV1 · πμπαπμ ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἄγω: meaning 'those being led'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκπρίουthose being drawn offV1 PMD2S · πρίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπρίω + ἐκ: meaning 'those being drawn off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κτεινομένουςbeing killedV1 · πμπαπμ κτείνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ κτείνω: meaning 'being killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φείσῃspareVA AMS2S · φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφείδομαι: meaning 'spare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ἐὰν δὲ εἴπῃς οὐκ οἶδα τοῦτον γίνωσκε ὅτι κύριος καρδίας πάντων γινώσκει καὶ ὁ πλάσας πνοὴν πᾶσιν αὐτὸς οἶδεν πάντα ὃς ἀποδίδωσιν ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
But if you say, 'I do not know this one,' know that the Lord knows the hearts of all, and he who formed breath for all himself knows everything, he who repays each one according to his works.
Feigning ignorance cannot stand before the creator and judge who knows hearts and repays deeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπῃςyou sayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'you say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶδαI knowVX XAI1S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦτονthis oneRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this one'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γίνωσκεknowV1 PAD2S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγιγνώσκω: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίαςof a heartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'of a heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάντωνof allA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'of all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γινώσκειknowsV1 PAI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάσαςhaving formedVA · ααπνσμ πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πλάσσω: meaning 'having formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πνοὴνbreathN1 ASF · πνοήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνοή: meaning 'breath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πᾶσινfor allA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'for all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταall thingsA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποδίδωσινrepaysV8 PAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'repays'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑκάστῳto eachA1 DSM · ἕκαστοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἕκαστος: meaning 'to each'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
φάγε μέλι υἱέ ἀγαθὸν γὰρ κηρίον ἵνα γλυκανθῇ σου ὁ φάρυγξ
Eat honey, my son, for the honeycomb is good, so that your throat may be sweetened.
The father turns to sweetness as a fitting image for what true wisdom offers.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
φάγεeatVB AAD2S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μέλιhoneyN3T ASN · μέλιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέλι: meaning 'honey'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
υἱέmy sonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'my son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 NSN · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κηρίονhoneycombN2N NSN · κηρίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκηρίον: meaning 'honeycomb'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γλυκανθῇmay be sweetenedVC APS3S · γλυκαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγλυκαίνω: meaning 'may be sweetened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάρυγξthroatN3G NSM · φάρυγξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφάρυγξ: meaning 'throat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
14
οὕτως αἰσθήσῃ σοφίαν τῇ σῇ ψυχῇ ἐὰν γὰρ εὕρῃς ἔσται καλὴ ἡ τελευτή σου καὶ ἐλπίς σε οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψει
So you will perceive wisdom for your soul; for if you find it, your end will be good, and hope will not abandon you.
The sweetness of honey becomes an analogy for wisdom's sustaining and hopeful outcome.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'so'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσθήσῃyou will perceiveVC FPI2S · αἰσθάνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰσθάνομαι: meaning 'you will perceive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανσοφίαN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'σοφία'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῇfor theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῇyourA1 DSF · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕρῃςyou findVB AAS2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'you find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλὴgoodA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελευτήendN1 NSF · τελευτήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτελευτή: meaning 'end'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλπίςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλείψειwill abandonVF FAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'will abandon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
μὴ προσαγάγῃς ἀσεβῆ νομῇ δικαίων μηδὲ ἀπατηθῇς χορτασίᾳ κοιλίας
Do not bring an ungodly man to the pasture of the righteous, nor be deceived by the filling of the belly.
The saying warns against letting the wicked intrude upon righteous provision or being misled by mere satiety.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσαγάγῃςbring nearVB AAS2S · ἄγω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἄγω + προς: meaning 'bring near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβῆungodlyA3H ASM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νομῇpastureN1 DSF · νομήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνομή: meaning 'pasture'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπατηθῇςbe deceivedVC APS2S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀπατάω: meaning 'be deceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χορτασίᾳsatietyN1A DSF · χορτασίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχορτασία: meaning 'satiety'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κοιλίαςof the bellyN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'of the belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
ἑπτάκι γὰρ πεσεῖται ὁ δίκαιος καὶ ἀναστήσεται οἱ δὲ ἀσεβεῖς ἀσθενήσουσιν ἐν κακοῖς
For seven times the righteous will fall and rise again, but the ungodly will be made weak in evils.
The resilience of the righteous is opposed to the cumulative weakening of the wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἑπτάκιseven timesD · ἑπτάκιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπτάκι: meaning 'seven times'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσεῖταιwill fallVF2 FMI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'will fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστήσεταιwill riseVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'will rise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσθενήσουσινwill grow weakVF FAI3P · ἀσθενέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀσθενέω: meaning 'will grow weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακοῖςevilsA1 DPM · κακόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
17
ἐὰν πέσῃ ὁ ἐχθρός σου μὴ ἐπιχαρῇς αὐτῷ ἐν δὲ τῷ ὑποσκελίσματι αὐτοῦ μὴ ἐπαίρου
If your enemy falls, do not rejoice over him, and when he stumbles do not exalt yourself.
The proverb forbids triumphal delight over an enemy's collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέσῃfallsVF FMI2S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'falls'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρόςenemyA1A NSM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιχαρῇςrejoice overVD APS2S · χαίρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyχαίρω + ἐπι: meaning 'rejoice over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷwith himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'with him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷin theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑποσκελίσματιstumblingN3M DSM · ὑποσκέλισμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑποσκέλισμα: meaning 'stumbling'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαίρουexalt yourselfV1 PMD2S · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'exalt yourself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
ὅτι ὄψεται κύριος καὶ οὐκ ἀρέσει αὐτῷ καὶ ἀποστρέψει τὸν θυμὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ
For the Lord will see, and it will not please him, and he will turn his wrath away from him.
Gloating is checked by the reminder that the Lord judges the onlooker as well as the fallen foe.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψεταιwill seeVF FMI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'will see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρέσειwill pleaseVF FAI3S · ἀρέσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀρέσω: meaning 'will please'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷwith himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'with him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστρέψειwill turn awayVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'will turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸνwrathN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
μὴ χαῖρε ἐπὶ κακοποιοῖς μηδὲ ζήλου ἁμαρτωλούς
Do not rejoice over evildoers, nor be zealous for sinners.
The admonition of verse 1 returns in shorter form to restrain envy and admiration of the wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαῖρεrejoiceV1 PAD2S · χαίρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαίρω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακοποιοῖςevildoersA1B NPM · κακοποιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακοποιός: meaning 'evildoers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζήλουbe zealous forV4 PMD2S · ζηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζηλόω: meaning 'be zealous for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτωλούςsinnersA1B APM · ἁμαρτωλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
οὐ γὰρ μὴ γένηται ἔκγονα πονηρῶν λαμπτὴρ δὲ ἀσεβῶν σβεσθήσεται
For there shall surely be no offspring for the wicked, and the lamp of the ungodly will be extinguished.
The end of the wicked is pictured as the loss of future and of light.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὐοὐD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'οὐ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γένηταιthere shall beVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'there shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔκγοναoffspringA1B NPN · ἔκγονοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔκγονος: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πονηρῶνof the wickedA1A GPM · πονηρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρός: meaning 'of the wicked'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λαμπτὴρlampN3 NSM · λαμπτήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαμπτήρ: meaning 'lamp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνἀσεβήςA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ἀσεβής'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σβεσθήσεταιwill be extinguishedVC FPI3S · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσβέννυμι: meaning 'will be extinguished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
φοβοῦ τὸν θεόν υἱέ καὶ βασιλέα καὶ μηθετέρῳ αὐτῶν ἀπειθήσῃς
Fear God, my son, and the king, and disobey neither of them.
Reverence for God and for royal authority is joined in a single filial command.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
υἱέmy sonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'my son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μηθετέρῳneither of the twoA1A DSM · μηθέτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμηθέτερος: meaning 'neither of the two'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπειθήσῃςdisobeyVA AAS2S · ἀπειθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀπειθέω: meaning 'disobey'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
ἐξαίφνης γὰρ τείσονται τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς τὰς δὲ τιμωρίας ἀμφοτέρων τίς γνώσεται λόγον φυλασσόμενος υἱὸς ἀπωλείας ἐκτὸς ἔσται δεχόμενος δὲ ἐδέξατο αὐτόν μηδὲν ψεῦδος ἀπὸ γλώσσης βασιλεῖ λεγέσθω καὶ οὐδὲν ψεῦδος ἀπὸ γλώσσης αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃ μάχαιρα γλῶσσα βασιλέως καὶ οὐ σαρκίνη ὃς δ' ἂν παραδοθῇ συντριβήσεται ἐὰν γὰρ ὀξυνθῇ ὁ θυμὸς αὐτοῦ σὺν νεύροις ἀνθρώπους ἀναλίσκει καὶ ὀστᾶ ἀνθρώπων κατατρώγει καὶ συγκαίει ὥσπερ φλὸξ ὥστε ἄβρωτα εἶναι νεοσσοῖς ἀετῶν
For suddenly they will punish the ungodly; and who will know the account of the punishments from both? A son who keeps the word will remain far from destruction, and one who receives it has received him. Let no falsehood be spoken from the tongue to a king, and let no falsehood at all go out from his tongue; for a king's tongue is a sword and not fleshly, and whoever is handed over to it will be crushed. For if his anger is sharpened, with sinews it consumes men and eats the bones of men and burns them up like a flame, so that they become inedible even to young eagles.
The long royal saying expands the danger of rebellion and deceit before power, portraying judgment as swift, bodily, and devastating.
Word-by-word analysis· 70 words
ἐξαίφνηςsuddenlyD · ἐξαίφνηςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐξαίφνης: meaning 'suddenly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τείσονταιthey will punishVF FMI3P · τίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίνω: meaning 'they will punish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H APM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςὁRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιμωρίαςpunishmentsN1A APF · τιμωρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτιμωρία: meaning 'punishments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀμφοτέρωνof bothA1A GPM · ἀμφότεροιgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'of both'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γνώσεταιwill knowVF FMI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'will know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγονaccountN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'account'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φυλασσόμενοςkeepingV1 · πμπνσμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'keeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱὸςυἱόςN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'υἱός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπωλείαςdestructionN1A GSF · ἀπώλειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκτὸςoutsideP · ἐκτόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκτὸς: meaning 'outside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δεχόμενοςreceivingV1 · πμπνσμ δέχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ δέχομαι: meaning 'receiving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδέξατοhas receivedVAI AMI3S · δέχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδέχομαι: meaning 'has received'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόναὐτόςRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μηδὲνnothingA3P ASN · μηδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμηδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ψεῦδοςfalsehoodN3E ASN · ψεύδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψεύδος: meaning 'falsehood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασιλεῖto a kingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'to a king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λεγέσθωlet ... be spokenV1 PMD3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλέγω: meaning 'let ... be spoken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ψεῦδοςfalsehoodN3E ASN · ψεύδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψεύδος: meaning 'falsehood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐοὐD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'οὐ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέλθῃgo outVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάχαιραswordN1A NSF · μάχαιραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλῶσσαγλῶσσαN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'γλῶσσα'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλέωςβασιλεύςN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'βασιλεύς'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐοὐD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'οὐ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαρκίνηfleshlyA1 NSF · σάρκινοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσάρκινος: meaning 'fleshly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δ'δέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδ': meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδοθῇis handed overVC APS3S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'is handed over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συντριβήσεταιwill be crushedVD FPI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'will be crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀξυνθῇis sharpenedVC APS3S · ὀξύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀξύνω: meaning 'is sharpened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸςθυμόςN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεύροιςsinewsN2 DPN · νεῦρονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεῦρον: meaning 'sinews'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνθρώπουςmenN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀναλίσκειconsumesV1 PAI3S · ἁλίσκω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἁλίσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'consumes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρώπωνἄνθρωποςN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'ἄνθρωπος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατατρώγειeats upV1 PAI3S · τρώγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτρώγω + κατα: meaning 'eats up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συγκαίειburns upV1 PAI3S · καίω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαίω + συν: meaning 'burns up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φλὸξφλόξN3G NSF · φλόξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφλόξ: meaning 'φλόξ'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄβρωταinedibleA1B NPN · ἄβρωτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄβρωτος: meaning 'inedible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεοσσοῖςto nestlingsN2 DPM · νεοσσόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεοσσός: meaning 'to nestlings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀετῶνof eaglesN2 GPM · ἀετόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀετός: meaning 'of eagles'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
23
ταῦτα δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν τοῖς σοφοῖς ἐπιγινώσκειν αἰδεῖσθαι πρόσωπον ἐν κρίσει οὐ καλόν
And I say these things to you, the wise: to recognize and show partiality in judgment is not good.
The chapter pivots into explicit wisdom instruction about impartial adjudication.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγωI sayV1 PAI1S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'I say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςὁRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφοῖςσοφόςA1 DPM · σοφόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφός: meaning 'σοφός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπιγινώσκεινto recognizeV1 PAN · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'to recognize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰδεῖσθαιto show partialityV2 PMN · αἰδέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἰδέομαι: meaning 'to show partiality'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐοὐD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'οὐ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλόνgoodA1 NSN · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
24
ὁ εἰπὼν τὸν ἀσεβῆ δίκαιός ἐστιν ἐπικατάρατος λαοῖς ἔσται καὶ μισητὸς εἰς ἔθνη
He who says of the ungodly, 'He is righteous,' shall be cursed by peoples and hated among nations.
Judicial inversion brings public curse and broad social hatred.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰπὼνsayingVB · ααπνσμ εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ εἶπον: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῆungodlyA3H ASM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δίκαιόςδίκαιοςA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'δίκαιος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπικατάρατοςaccursedA1B NSM · ἐπικατάρατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπικατάρατος: meaning 'accursed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαοῖςamong peoplesN2 DPM · λαόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'among peoples'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μισητὸςhatedA1 NSM · μισητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμισητός: meaning 'hated'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔθνηamong nationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'among nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
25
οἱ δὲ ἐλέγχοντες βελτίους φανοῦνται ἐπ' αὐτοὺς δὲ ἥξει εὐλογία ἀγαθή
But those who reprove will appear better, and upon them good blessing will come.
Honest correction, unlike corrupt acquittal, yields honor and blessing.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλέγχοντεςthose reprovingV1 · παπνπμ ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἐλέγχω: meaning 'those reproving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βελτίουςbetterA3C NPM · βελτίωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβελτίων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φανοῦνταιwill appearVF2 FMI3P · φαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφαίνω: meaning 'will appear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'ἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐλογίαblessingN1A NSF · εὐλογίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐλογία: meaning 'blessing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθήgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
26
χείλη δὲ φιλήσουσιν ἀποκρινόμενα λόγους ἀγαθούς
Lips will kiss those answering good words.
A fitting and truthful answer draws affectionate approval.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
χείληlipsN3E APN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φιλήσουσινwill kissVF FAI3P · φιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφιλέω: meaning 'will kiss'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποκρινόμεναansweringV1 · πμπαπν κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν κρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαθούςgoodA1 APM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
27
ἑτοίμαζε εἰς τὴν ἔξοδον τὰ ἔργα σου καὶ παρασκευάζου εἰς τὸν ἀγρὸν καὶ πορεύου κατόπισθέν μου καὶ ἀνοικοδομήσεις τὸν οἶκόν σου
Prepare your works for going out, and make yourself ready for the field, and go behind me, and you shall rebuild your house.
The saying enjoins ordering labor properly, giving precedence to productive work before household expansion.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἑτοίμαζεprepareV1 PAD2S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔξοδονoutgoingN2 ASF · ἔξοδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔξοδος: meaning 'outgoing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρασκευάζουmake readyV1 PMD2S · σκευάζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσκευάζω + παρα: meaning 'make ready'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγρὸνfieldN2 ASM · ἀγρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύουgoV1 PMD2S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατόπισθένafterD · κατόπισθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκατόπισθέν: meaning 'after'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοικοδομήσειςyou will rebuildVF FAI2S · οἰκοδομέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκοδομέω + ἀνα: meaning 'you will rebuild'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκόνhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
28
μὴ ἴσθι ψευδὴς μάρτυς ἐπὶ σὸν πολίτην μηδὲ πλατύνου σοῖς χείλεσιν
Do not be a false witness against your fellow citizen, nor widen things with your lips.
False testimony and expansive, manipulative speech are both forbidden in civic dealings.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴσθιbeV9 PAD2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψευδὴςfalseA3H NSM · ψευδήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μάρτυςwitnessN3 NSM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάρτυς: meaning 'witness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πολίτηνfellow citizenN1 ASM · πολίτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολίτης: meaning 'fellow citizen'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλατύνουwidenV1 PMD2S · πλατύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπλατύνω: meaning 'widen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοῖςyourA1 DPN · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χείλεσινwith lipsN3E DPN · χεῖλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχεῖλος: meaning 'with lips'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
29
μὴ εἴπῃς ὃν τρόπον ἐχρήσατό μοι χρήσομαι αὐτῷ τείσομαι δὲ αὐτὸν ἅ με ἠδίκησεν
Do not say, 'As he treated me, so I will treat him; I will repay him for the wrong he did me.'
The proverb rejects retaliatory speech and private requital.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπῃςyou sayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'you say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὃνὅςRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τρόπονwayN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρόπος: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐχρήσατόhe dealtVAI AMI3S · χράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχράω: meaning 'he dealt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιwith meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'with me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χρήσομαιI will dealVF FMI1S · χράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχράω: meaning 'I will deal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷwith himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'with him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τείσομαιI will repayVF FMI1S · τίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίνω: meaning 'I will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἅwhat thingsRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἅ: meaning 'what things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠδίκησενhe wrongedVAI AAI3S · ἀδικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀδικέω: meaning 'he wronged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
30
ὥσπερ γεώργιον ἀνὴρ ἄφρων καὶ ὥσπερ ἀμπελὼν ἄνθρωπος ἐνδεὴς φρενῶν
Like a farm was a foolish man, and like a vineyard a man lacking understanding.
The closing observational parable begins by likening a senseless person to neglected productive land.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεώργιονfarmN2N NSN · γεώργιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγεώργιον: meaning 'farm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμπελὼνvineyardN3W NSM · ἀμπελώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνθρωποςmanN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνδεὴςlackingA3H NSM · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'lacking'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρενῶνsenseN3 GPF · φρήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρήν: meaning 'sense'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
31
ἐὰν ἀφῇς αὐτόν χερσωθήσεται καὶ χορτομανήσει ὅλος καὶ γίνεται ἐκλελειμμένος οἱ δὲ φραγμοὶ τῶν λίθων αὐτοῦ κατασκάπτονται
If you let it alone, it will become barren and altogether overgrown with grass, and it becomes abandoned, and its stone walls are being torn down.
Neglect is shown not as static but as a process of decay, overgrowth, and collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφῇςyou leaveVH AAS2S · ἵημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'you leave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόναὐτόςRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χερσωθήσεταιwill become barrenVC FPI3S · χερσεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχερσεύω: meaning 'will become barren'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χορτομανήσειwill be overgrown with grassVF FAI3S · χορτομανέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχορτομανέω: meaning 'will be overgrown with grass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅλοςall overA1 NSM · ὅλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅλος: meaning 'all over'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκλελειμμένοςabandonedVP · χμπνσμ λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ λείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'abandoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φραγμοὶfencesN2 NPM · φραγμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφραγμός: meaning 'fences'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθωνstonesN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατασκάπτονταιare torn downV1 PPI3P · σκάπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκάπτω + κατα: meaning 'are torn down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
32
ὕστερον ἐγὼ μετενόησα ἐπέβλεψα τοῦ ἐκλέξασθαι παιδείαν
Afterward I repented; I looked so as to choose instruction.
The observer turns the ruined field into a lesson internalized as discipline.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ὕστερονafterwardD · ὕστερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὕστερον: meaning 'afterward'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετενόησαrepentedVAI AAI1S · νοέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνοέω + μετα: meaning 'repented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπέβλεψαlookedVAI AAI1S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'looked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλέξασθαιchooseVA AMN · λέγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανinstructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'instruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
33
ὀλίγον νυστάζω ὀλίγον δὲ καθυπνῶ ὀλίγον δὲ ἐναγκαλίζομαι χερσὶν στήθη
A little I slumber, a little I sleep, a little I embrace my breast with my hands.
The sluggard's small postponements are quoted in their deceptively harmless tone.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὀλίγονa littleA1 ASM · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'a little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νυστάζωI slumberV1 PAI1S · νυστάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processνυστάζω: meaning 'I slumber'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀλίγονa littleA1 ASM · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'a little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθυπνῶI sleepV4 PAI1S · ὑπνόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὑπνόω + κατα: meaning 'I sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀλίγονa littleA1 ASM · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'a little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐναγκαλίζομαιI foldV1 PMI1S · ἀγκαλίζομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγκαλίζομαι + ἐν: meaning 'I fold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χερσὶνwith handsN3 DPF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'with hands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στήθηbreastN3E APN · στῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστῆθος: meaning 'breast'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
34
ἐὰν δὲ τοῦτο ποιῇς ἥξει προπορευομένη ἡ πενία σου καὶ ἡ ἔνδειά σου ὥσπερ ἀγαθὸς δρομεύς
But if you do this, your poverty will come striding ahead, and your want like a swift runner.
The chapter closes by converting repeated small neglect into the sudden arrival of poverty and need.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιῇςyou doV2 PAS2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'you do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προπορευομένηstriding aheadV1 · πμπνσφ πορεύομαι + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ πορεύομαι + προ: meaning 'striding ahead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενίαpovertyN1A NSF · πενίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπενία: meaning 'poverty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔνδειάwantN1A NSF · ἔνδειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔνδεια: meaning 'want'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὸςἀγαθόςA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'ἀγαθός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δρομεύςrunnerN3V NSM · δρομεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδρομεύς: meaning 'runner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.