1
οἱ ἐμοὶ λόγοι εἴρηνται ὑπὸ θεοῦ βασιλέως χρηματισμός ὃν ἐπαίδευσεν ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ
My words have been spoken by God, the oracle of a king whom his mother instructed.
The chapter opens by presenting the saying as a divinely framed royal instruction transmitted through maternal formation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμοὶmyRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λόγοιwordsN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἴρηνταιhave been spokenVM XMI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἶπον: meaning 'have been spoken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασιλέωςof a kingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'of a king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χρηματισμόςoracleN2 NSM · χρηματισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρηματισμός: meaning 'oracle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπαίδευσενinstructedVAI AAI3S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπαιδεύω: meaning 'instructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
τί τέκνον τηρήσεις τί ῥήσεις θεοῦ πρωτογενές σοὶ λέγω υἱέ τί τέκνον ἐμῆς κοιλίας τί τέκνον ἐμῶν εὐχῶν
What, child, will you keep? What will you say? God’s firstborn, to you I speak, my son: what, child of my womb, what, child of my vows?
The mother intensifies her address with repeated vocatives, grounding her counsel in both birth and vowed devotion.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τηρήσειςwill you keepVF FAI2S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτηρέω: meaning 'will you keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ῥήσειςwill you sayVF FAI2S · ῥέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥέω: meaning 'will you say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρωτογενέςfirstbornA3H NSN · πρωτογενήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρωτογενής: meaning 'firstborn'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοὶto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγωI speakV1 PAI1S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'I speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐμῆςmyA1 GSF · ἐμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κοιλίαςwombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'womb'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐμῶνmyA1 GPF · ἐμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐχῶνvowsN1 GPF · εὐχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐχή: meaning 'vows'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
μὴ δῷς γυναιξὶ σὸν πλοῦτον καὶ τὸν σὸν νοῦν καὶ βίον εἰς ὑστεροβουλίαν
Do not give your wealth to women, nor your mind and your life over to regretful ruin.
Royal strength is not to be squandered in appetites that dissolve judgment, substance, and future stability.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυναιξὶto womenN3K DPF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'to women'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὸνyourA1 ASM · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νοῦνmindN2C ASM · νοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνοῦς: meaning 'mind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βίονlifeN2 ASM · βίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑστεροβουλίανlate regretN1A ASF · ὑστεροβουλίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑστεροβουλία: meaning 'late regret'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
μετὰ βουλῆς πάντα ποίει μετὰ βουλῆς οἰνοπότει οἱ δυνάσται θυμώδεις εἰσίν οἶνον δὲ μὴ πινέτωσαν
Do everything with counsel; with counsel drink wine. Rulers are hot-tempered, so let them not drink wine,
The saying links prudent deliberation with restraint, warning that those who rule are especially vulnerable to inflamed passions.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βουλῆςcounselN1 GSF · βουλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάνταall thingsA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποίειdoV2 PAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βουλῆςcounselN1 GSF · βουλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἰνοπότειdrink wineV2 PAD2S · οἰνοποτέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἰνοποτέω: meaning 'drink wine'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάσταιrulersN1M NPM · δυνάστηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδυνάστης: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θυμώδειςhot-temperedA3H NPM · θυμώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμώδης: meaning 'hot-tempered'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰσίνareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πινέτωσανlet them drinkV1 PAD3P · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίνω: meaning 'let them drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
ἵνα μὴ πιόντες ἐπιλάθωνται τῆς σοφίας καὶ ὀρθὰ κρῖναι οὐ μὴ δύνωνται τοὺς ἀσθενεῖς
lest, after drinking, they forget wisdom and be unable to judge the weak with fairness.
Sobriety matters because intoxication distorts the very wisdom needed to protect the vulnerable in judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πιόντεςafter drinkingVB · ααπνπμ πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ πίνω: meaning 'after drinking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιλάθωνταιthey may forgetVB AMS3P · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'they may forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθὰrightlyA1 APN · ὀρθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀρθός: meaning 'rightly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κρῖναιto judgeVA AAN · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκρίνω: meaning 'to judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύνωνταιthey may be ableV6 PMS3P · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδύναμαι: meaning 'they may be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσθενεῖςweakA3H APM · ἀσθενήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσθενής: meaning 'weak'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
δίδοτε μέθην τοῖς ἐν λύπαις καὶ οἶνον πίνειν τοῖς ἐν ὀδύναις
Give strong drink to those in grief, and wine to those in distress,
The contrast narrows intoxicants to the realm of suffering rather than governance, where they function as temporary relief rather than ruling habit.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
δίδοτεgiveV8 PAI2P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μέθηνstrong drinkN1 ASF · μέθηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέθη: meaning 'strong drink'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςto thoseRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λύπαιςgriefsN1 DPF · λύπηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλύπη: meaning 'griefs'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πίνεινto drinkV1 PAN · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπίνω: meaning 'to drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςto thoseRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀδύναιςpainsN1 DPF · ὀδύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀδύνη: meaning 'pains'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
7
ἵνα ἐπιλάθωνται τῆς πενίας καὶ τῶν πόνων μὴ μνησθῶσιν ἔτι
so that they may forget their poverty and remember their pains no longer.
The permission is pastoral and limited: drink serves the afflicted by dulling present misery, not by guiding public responsibility.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθωνταιthey may forgetVB AMS3P · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'they may forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενίαςpovertyN1A GSF · πενίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπενία: meaning 'poverty'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόνωνtoilsN2 GPM · πόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόνος: meaning 'toils'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνησθῶσινthey may rememberVS APS3P · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμιμνήσκω: meaning 'they may remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
8
ἄνοιγε σὸν στόμα λόγῳ θεοῦ καὶ κρῖνε πάντας ὑγιῶς
Open your mouth with the word of God, and judge everyone soundly.
The king’s speech is to be governed by divine truth and expressed in sound, health-giving judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἄνοιγεopenV1 PAD2S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὸνyourA1 ASN · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λόγῳby the wordN2 DSM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'by the word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρῖνεjudgeV1 PAD2S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑγιῶςsoundlyD · ὑγιῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὑγιῶς: meaning 'soundly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
9
ἄνοιγε σὸν στόμα καὶ κρῖνε δικαίως διάκρινε δὲ πένητα καὶ ἀσθενῆ
Open your mouth and judge righteously; decide the cause of the poor and the weak.
The exhortation culminates in advocacy, defining righteous rule by the defense of those least able to defend themselves.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἄνοιγεopenV1 PAD2S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὸνyourA1 ASN · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρῖνεjudgeV1 PAD2S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαίωςrighteouslyD · δικαίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδικαίως: meaning 'righteously'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διάκρινεdecideV1 PAD2S · κρίνω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκρίνω + δια: meaning 'decide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πένηταpoor manN3T ASM · πένηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπένης: meaning 'poor man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσθενῆweak manA3H ASM · ἀσθενήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσθενής: meaning 'weak man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
γυναῖκα ἀνδρείαν τίς εὑρήσει τιμιωτέρα δέ ἐστιν λίθων πολυτελῶν ἡ τοιαύτη
A courageous wife, who will find? Such a woman is more precious than costly stones.
The poem begins with a rhetorical search that magnifies the rarity and worth of the truly strong wife.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνδρείανcourageousA1A ASF · ἀνδρεῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'courageous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὑρήσειwill findVF FAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιμιωτέραmore preciousA1A NSFC · τίμιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτίμιος: meaning 'more precious'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λίθωνthan stonesN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'than stones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολυτελῶνcostlyA3H GPM · πολυτελήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολυτελής: meaning 'costly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοιαύτηsuch a oneA1 NSF · τοιοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such a one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
θαρσεῖ ἐπ' αὐτῇ ἡ καρδία τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς ἡ τοιαύτη καλῶν σκύλων οὐκ ἀπορήσει
The heart of her husband trusts in her; such a woman will not leave him lacking fine spoils.
Her reliability produces confidence, and the household enjoys increase rather than anxious shortage.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
θαρσεῖtrustsV2 PAI3S · θαρσέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθαρσέω: meaning 'trusts'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'inP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὸςhusbandN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'husband'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοιαύτηsuch a oneA1 NSF · τοιοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such a one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καλῶνfineA1 GPN · καλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαλός: meaning 'fine'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σκύλωνspoilsN2N GPN · σκῦλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκῦλον: meaning 'spoils'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπορήσειwill lackVF FAI3S · ἀπορέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀπορέω: meaning 'will lack'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ἐνεργεῖ γὰρ τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἀγαθὰ πάντα τὸν βίον
For she brings her husband good all the days of her life.
Her contribution is not occasional but sustained, marking the whole span of life with active good.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐνεργεῖworksV2 PAI3S · ἐργέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐργέω + ἐν: meaning 'works'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὶhusbandN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'husband'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάνταall thingsA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίονlifeN2 ASM · βίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
μηρυομένη ἔρια καὶ λίνον ἐποίησεν εὔχρηστον ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτῆς
Gathering wool and flax, she makes them useful with her hands.
The praise turns practical at once, locating excellence in skilled labor that transforms raw materials into serviceable goods.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μηρυομένηcardingV1 · πμπνσφ μηρύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ μηρύομαι: meaning 'carding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔριαwoolN2N APN · ἔριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔριον: meaning 'wool'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίνονflaxN2N ASN · λίνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίνον: meaning 'flax'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίησενshe madeVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'she made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὔχρηστονusefulA1B ASN · εὔχρηστοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὔχρηστος: meaning 'useful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταῖςwith theRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερσὶνhandsN3 DPF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
ἐγένετο ὡσεὶ ναῦς ἐμπορευομένη μακρόθεν συνάγει δὲ αὕτη τὸν βίον
She became like a trading ship; she gathers her livelihood from afar.
Her household economy is expansive rather than narrow, bringing in provision from beyond the immediate horizon.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐγένετοshe becameVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'she became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡσεὶlikeD · ὡσείadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ναῦςa shipN3 NSF · ναῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceναῦς: meaning 'a ship'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμπορευομένηtradingV1 · πμπνσφ πορεύομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ πορεύομαι + ἐν: meaning 'trading'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μακρόθενfrom afarD · μακρόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρόθεν: meaning 'from afar'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνάγειgathersV1 PAI3S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὕτηthis womanRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this woman'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίονlifeN2 ASM · βίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
καὶ ἀνίσταται ἐκ νυκτῶν καὶ ἔδωκεν βρώματα τῷ οἴκῳ καὶ ἔργα ταῖς θεραπαίναις
She rises in the night and gives food to her household and tasks to her maidservants.
Her diligence combines nourishment with administration, feeding the house while ordering its work.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνίσταταιrisesV6 PMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'rises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νυκτῶνnightsN3 GPF · νύξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνύξ: meaning 'nights'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgaveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βρώματαfoodsN3M APN · βρῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβρῶμα: meaning 'foods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseholdN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'household'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔργαtasksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'tasks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταῖςwith theRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεραπαίναιςmaidservantsN1S DPF · θεραπαίναdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεραπαίνα: meaning 'maidservants'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
16
θεωρήσασα γεώργιον ἐπρίατο ἀπὸ δὲ καρπῶν χειρῶν αὐτῆς κατεφύτευσεν κτῆμα
Having examined a field, she bought it; from the fruit of her hands she planted an estate.
Her labor produces surplus, and her prudence converts that surplus into lasting property.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
θεωρήσασαhaving examinedVA · ααπνσφ θεωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσφ θεωρέω: meaning 'having examined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γεώργιονa fieldN2N ASN · γεώργιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγεώργιον: meaning 'a field'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπρίατοboughtVHI AMI3S · πρίαμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπρίαμαι: meaning 'bought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρπῶνfruitsN2 GPM · καρπόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατεφύτευσενplantedVAI AAI3S · φυτεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυτεύω + κατα: meaning 'planted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κτῆμαa possessionN3M ASN · κτῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκτῆμα: meaning 'a possession'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
17
ἀναζωσαμένη ἰσχυρῶς τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτῆς ἤρεισεν τοὺς βραχίονας αὐτῆς εἰς ἔργον
Having girded her waist firmly, she braces her arms for work.
The wife’s excellence includes disciplined bodily strength directed toward productive effort.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀναζωσαμένηhaving girded upVA · αμπνσφ ζώννυμι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσφ ζώννυμι + ἀνα: meaning 'having girded up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχυρῶςstronglyD · ἰσχυρῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰσχυρῶς: meaning 'strongly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφὺνwaistN3U ASF · ὀσφύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀσφύς: meaning 'waist'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἤρεισενstrengthenedVAI AAI3S · ἐρείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐρείδω: meaning 'strengthened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναςarmsN3N APM · βραχίωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβραχίων: meaning 'arms'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔργονworkN2N ASN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
ἐγεύσατο ὅτι καλόν ἐστιν τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι καὶ οὐκ ἀποσβέννυται ὅλην τὴν νύκτα ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς
She tasted that laboring is good, and her lamp is not extinguished through the whole night.
Experience confirms the value of work, and the unquenched lamp portrays durable, watchful industry.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐγεύσατοtastedVAI AMI3S · γεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγεύω: meaning 'tasted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλόνgoodA1 NSN · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργάζεσθαιto workV1 PMN · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἐργάζομαι: meaning 'to work'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποσβέννυταιis extinguishedV5 PMI3S · σβέννυμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσβέννυμι + ἀπο: meaning 'is extinguished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νύκταnightN3 ASF · νύξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λύχνοςlampN2 NSM · λύχνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλύχνος: meaning 'lamp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
τοὺς πήχεις αὐτῆς ἐκτείνει ἐπὶ τὰ συμφέροντα τὰς δὲ χεῖρας αὐτῆς ἐρείδει εἰς ἄτρακτον
She stretches her forearms toward what is useful, and her hands press on the spindle.
The poem keeps returning to the hands, presenting wisdom as competent, embodied craft rather than abstraction.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πήχειςforearmsN3E APM · πῆχυςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῆχυς: meaning 'forearms'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκτείνειstretches outV1 PAI3S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretches out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶtowardP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμφέρονταuseful thingsV1 · παπαπν φέρω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπν φέρω + συν: meaning 'useful things'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐρείδειsets firmlyV1 PAI3S · ἐρείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐρείδω: meaning 'sets firmly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄτρακτονspindleN2 ASM · ἄτρακτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄτρακτος: meaning 'spindle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
χεῖρας δὲ αὐτῆς διήνοιξεν πένητι καρπὸν δὲ ἐξέτεινεν πτωχῷ
She opened her hands to the poor, and she stretched out her produce to the needy.
Household competence overflows into generosity, so prosperity becomes a means of mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διήνοιξενopened wideVAI AAI3S · οἴγω + δια + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἴγω + δια + ἀνα: meaning 'opened wide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πένητιto the poorN3T DSM · πένηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπένης: meaning 'to the poor'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέτεινενstretched outVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτωχῷto the needyN2 DSM · πτωχόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπτωχός: meaning 'to the needy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
21
οὐ φροντίζει τῶν ἐν οἴκῳ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς ὅταν που χρονίζῃ πάντες γὰρ οἱ παρ' αὐτῆς ἐνδιδύσκονται
Her husband does not worry about those at home whenever he is delayed somewhere, for all who belong to her are clothed.
Because she has ordered the house well, absence and delay do not expose the family to shame or neglect.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φροντίζειis anxiousV1 PAI3S · φροντίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφροντίζω: meaning 'is anxious'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseholdN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'household'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρhusbandN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'husband'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτανwheneverD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πουsomewhereD · ποῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπου: meaning 'somewhere'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρονίζῃis delayedV1 PAS3S · χρονίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyχρονίζω: meaning 'is delayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρ'fromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνδιδύσκονταιare clothedV1 PMI3P · ἐνδιδύσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐνδιδύσκω: meaning 'are clothed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
δισσὰς χλαίνας ἐποίησεν τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς ἐκ δὲ βύσσου καὶ πορφύρας ἑαυτῇ ἐνδύματα
She made double cloaks for her husband, and garments of fine linen and purple for herself.
Her industry yields not only basic coverage but durable and honorable clothing suited to the household’s standing.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
δισσὰςdoubleA1 APF · δισσόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδισσός: meaning 'double'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χλαίναςcloaksN1A APF · χλαῖναaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχλαῖνα: meaning 'cloaks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίησενshe madeVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'she made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὶhusbandN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'husband'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βύσσουfine linenN2 GSF · βύσσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβύσσος: meaning 'fine linen'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύραςpurpleN1A GSF · πορφύραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπορφύρα: meaning 'purple'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑαυτῇfor herselfRD DSF · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῇ: meaning 'for herself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνδύματαgarmentsN3M APN · ἔνδυμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔνδυμα: meaning 'garments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
περίβλεπτος δὲ γίνεται ἐν πύλαις ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς ἡνίκα ἂν καθίσῃ ἐν συνεδρίῳ μετὰ τῶν γερόντων κατοίκων τῆς γῆς
Her husband becomes conspicuous in the gates whenever he sits in council with the elders who dwell in the land.
The wife’s ordered house contributes to her husband’s civic prominence among the governing elders.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
περίβλεπτοςconspicuousA1B NSM · περίβλεπτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπερίβλεπτος: meaning 'conspicuous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πύλαιςin the gatesN1 DPF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'in the gates'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρhusbandN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'husband'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡνίκαwhenD · ἡνίκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθίσῃhe sitsVA AAS3S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵζω + κατα: meaning 'he sits'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συνεδρίῳin councilN2N DSN · συνέδριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυνέδριον: meaning 'in council'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γερόντωνeldersN3 GPM · γέρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγέρων: meaning 'elders'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατοίκωνdwellingN2 GPM · κατοίκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκατοίκος: meaning 'dwelling'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24
σινδόνας ἐποίησεν καὶ ἀπέδοτο περιζώματα δὲ τοῖς Χαναναίοις
She made linen cloths and sold them, and belts for the Canaanites.
The poem presents her not merely as a consumer but as a producer whose goods move into wider trade.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
σινδόναςlinen clothsN3N APF · σινδώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσινδών: meaning 'linen cloths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίησενshe madeVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'she made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέδοτοsoldVOI AMI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'sold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περιζώματαbeltsN3M APN · περίζωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπερίζωμα: meaning 'belts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto thoseRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Χαναναίοιςto CanaanitesN2 DPM · Χαναναῖοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΧαναναίοις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
25
στόμα αὐτῆς διήνοιξεν προσεχόντως καὶ ἐννόμως καὶ τάξιν ἐστείλατο τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτῆς
She opened her mouth attentively and lawfully, and she set order upon her tongue.
Her speech matches her labor: disciplined, attentive, and shaped by moral order rather than impulse.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διήνοιξενopened wideVAI AAI3S · οἴγω + δια + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἴγω + δια + ἀνα: meaning 'opened wide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσεχόντωςattentivelyD · προσεχόντωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπροσεχόντως: meaning 'attentively'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐννόμωςlawfullyD · ἐννόμωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐννόμως: meaning 'lawfully'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάξινorderN3I ASF · τάξιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτάξις: meaning 'order'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐστείλατοarrangedVAI AMI3S · στέλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω: meaning 'arranged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇupon theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλώσσῃtongueN1S DSF · γλῶσσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
26
ἰσχὺν καὶ εὐπρέπειαν ἐνεδύσατο καὶ εὐφράνθη ἐν ἡμέραις ἐσχάταις
She put on strength and dignity, and she rejoiced in the last days.
Strength and beauty become moral garments here, giving her confidence about what lies ahead.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐπρέπειανdignityN1A ASF · εὐπρέπειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐπρέπεια: meaning 'dignity'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνεδύσατοput onVAI AMI3S · δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδύω + ἐν: meaning 'put on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφράνθηrejoicedVC API3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoiced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέραιςin daysN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'in days'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐσχάταιςlastA1 DPF · ἔσχατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔσχατος: meaning 'last'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
27
στεγναὶ διατριβαὶ οἴκων αὐτῆς σῖτα δὲ ὀκνηρὰ οὐκ ἔφαγεν
The routines of her household are well-kept, and she did not eat the bread of idleness.
Ordered domestic oversight stands opposite sloth, showing that her stability is built by vigilant care.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
στεγναὶcarefulA1 NPF · στεγνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστεγνός: meaning 'careful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διατριβαὶroutinesN1 NPF · διατριβήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιατριβή: meaning 'routines'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἴκωνof the householdN2 GPM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'of the household'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σῖταbreadN2 APN · σῖτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῖτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀκνηρὰof idlenessA1A APN · ὀκνηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀκνηρός: meaning 'of idleness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφαγενateVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω: meaning 'ate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
τὸ στόμα δὲ ἀνοίγει σοφῶς καὶ νομοθέσμως ἡ δὲ ἐλεημοσύνη αὐτῆς ἀνέστησεν τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπλούτησαν καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς ᾔνεσεν αὐτήν
She opens her mouth wisely and with lawful speech; her mercy raised up her children, and they became prosperous, and her husband praised her.
Her wisdom and mercy bear fruit in the flourishing and public gratitude of the household itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίγειopensV1 PAI3S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'opens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφῶςwiselyD · σοφῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσοφῶς: meaning 'wisely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νομοθέσμωςwith lawful orderD · νομοθέσμωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνομοθέσμως: meaning 'with lawful order'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεημοσύνηmercyN1 NSF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνέστησενraised upVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raised up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλούτησανbecame prosperousVAI AAI3P · πλουτέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπλουτέω: meaning 'became prosperous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρhusbandN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'husband'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ᾔνεσενpraisedVAI AAI3S · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰνέω: meaning 'praised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
πολλαὶ θυγατέρες ἐκτήσαντο πλοῦτον πολλαὶ ἐποίησαν δυνατά σὺ δὲ ὑπέρκεισαι καὶ ὑπερῆρας πάσας
Many daughters acquired wealth; many accomplished mighty things, but you surpass and excel them all.
The husband’s praise becomes comparative, placing her above every other notable woman.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πολλαὶmanyA1 NPF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκτήσαντοacquiredVAI AMI3P · κτάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτάομαι: meaning 'acquired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πολλαὶmanyA1 NPF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δυνατάmighty thingsA1 APN · δυνατόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδυνατός: meaning 'mighty things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπέρκεισαιsurpassV5 PMI2S · κεῖμαι + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκεῖμαι + ὑπερ: meaning 'surpass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερῆραςexcelledVAI AAI2S · αἴρω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω + ὑπερ: meaning 'excelled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
30
ψευδεῖς ἀρέσκειαι καὶ μάταιον κάλλος γυναικός γυνὴ γὰρ συνετὴ εὐλογεῖται φόβον δὲ κυρίου αὕτη αἰνείτω
Charm is false and a woman’s beauty is vain, but an intelligent woman is blessed; let her be praised for the fear of the Lord.
External attraction is relativized, while understanding and reverent fear define the basis of enduring honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ψευδεῖςfalseA3H NPF · ψευδήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀρέσκειαιpleasuresN1A NPF · ἀρέσκειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρέσκεια: meaning 'pleasures'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάταιονvainA1A NSN · μάταιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάταιος: meaning 'vain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E NSN · κάλλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυναικόςof a womanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'of a woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γυνὴa womanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'a woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετὴintelligentA1 NSF · συνετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυνετός: meaning 'intelligent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐλογεῖταιis blessedV2 PMI3S · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐλογέω: meaning 'is blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὕτηthis womanRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this woman'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἰνείτωlet her praiseV2 PAD3S · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰνέω: meaning 'let her praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
31
δότε αὐτῇ ἀπὸ καρπῶν χειρῶν αὐτῆς καὶ αἰνείσθω ἐν πύλαις ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς
Give her from the fruit of her hands, and let her husband praise her in the gates.
The chapter closes by insisting that her works deserve visible reward and open acknowledgment in the civic sphere.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
δότεgiveVO AAD2P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρπῶνfruitsN2 GPM · καρπόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰνείσθωlet him praiseV2 PMD3S · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰνέω: meaning 'let him praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πύλαιςin the gatesN1 DPF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'in the gates'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρhusbandN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'husband'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.