1
αλληλουια ἐξομολογεῖσθε τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἐπικαλεῖσθε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἀπαγγείλατε ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
Alleluia. Give thanks to the Lord and call upon his name; declare his works among the nations.
The psalm opens with praise and public proclamation, directing Israel to announce the Lord's deeds beyond its own borders.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
αλληλουιααλληλουιαI ALLHLOUIAadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastαλληλουια: meaning 'αλληλουια'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξομολογεῖσθεὁμολογέω + ἐκV2 PMD2P · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ὁμολογέω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπικαλεῖσθεκαλέω + ἐπιV2 PMD2P · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'καλέω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπαγγείλατεἀγγέλλω + ἀποVA AAD2P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀγγέλλω + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationsN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
ᾄσατε αὐτῷ καὶ ψάλατε αὐτῷ διηγήσασθε πάντα τὰ θαυμάσια αὐτοῦ
Sing to him and make melody to him; recount all his wonders.
The congregation is urged to turn thanksgiving into sung remembrance of God's marvelous acts.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ᾄσατεᾄδωVA AAD2P · ᾄδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateᾄδω: meaning 'ᾄδω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψάλατεψάλλωVA AAD2P · ψάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateψάλλω: meaning 'ψάλλω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διηγήσασθεἡγέομαι + διαVA AMD2P · ἡγέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἡγέομαι + δια: meaning 'ἡγέομαι + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταπᾶςA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμάσιαθαυμάσιοςA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'θαυμάσιος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ἐπαινεῖσθε ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἁγίῳ αὐτοῦ εὐφρανθήτω καρδία ζητούντων τὸν κύριον
Boast in his holy name; let the heart of those who seek the Lord rejoice.
The call to praise becomes an inward delight for those whose identity is rooted in seeking the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐπαινεῖσθεαἰνέω + ἐπιV2 PMI2P · αἰνέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἰνέω + ἐπι: meaning 'αἰνέω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳἅγιοςA1A DSM · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'ἅγιος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐφρανθήτωεὐφραίνωVC APD3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐφραίνω: meaning 'εὐφραίνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίακαρδίαN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'καρδία'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζητούντωνπαπγπμ ζητέωV2 · παπγπμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ζητέω: meaning 'παπγπμ ζητέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ζητήσατε τὸν κύριον καὶ κραταιώθητε ζητήσατε τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ διὰ παντός
Seek the Lord and be strengthened; seek his face continually.
The psalm binds true strength to continual pursuit of God's presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ζητήσατεζητέωVA AAD2P · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζητέω: meaning 'ζητέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κραταιώθητεκραταιόωVC APD2P · κραταιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκραταιόω: meaning 'κραταιόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζητήσατεζητέωVA AAD2P · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζητέω: meaning 'ζητέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονπρόσωπονN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'πρόσωπον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντόςπᾶςA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
μνήσθητε τῶν θαυμασίων αὐτοῦ ὧν ἐποίησεν τὰ τέρατα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ κρίματα τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ
Remember his wonders that he performed, his marvels and the judgments of his mouth.
Israel is told to keep both God's saving wonders and his spoken judgments before them.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μνήσθητεμιμνήσκωVS AAS2P · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμασίωνθαυμάσιοςA1A GPM · θαυμάσιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'θαυμάσιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὧνὅςRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησενποιέωVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'ποιέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέρατατέραςN3T APN · τέραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέρας: meaning 'τέρας'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίματαjudgmentsN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματοςστόμαN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'στόμα'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
σπέρμα Αβρααμ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ υἱοὶ Ιακωβ ἐκλεκτοὶ αὐτοῦ
Seed of Abraham, his servants, sons of Jacob, his chosen ones.
The audience is named as the covenant family that inherits these remembered acts.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
σπέρμασπέρμαN3M NSN · σπέρμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσπέρμα: meaning 'σπέρμα'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑβρααμἈβραάμN GSM · Ἀβραάμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑβρααμ: meaning 'Ἀβραάμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δοῦλοιδοῦλοςN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'δοῦλος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
υἱοὶυἱόςN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'υἱός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙακωβἸακώβN GSM · Ἰακώβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙακωβ: meaning 'Ἰακώβ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλεκτοὶἐκλεκτόςA1 NPM · ἐκλεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκλεκτός: meaning 'ἐκλεκτός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
αὐτὸς κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦ
He is the Lord our God; his judgments are in all the earth.
The God of the covenant people is confessed as judge over the whole earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃπᾶςA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίματαjudgmentsN3M NPN · κρίμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
ἐμνήσθη εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα διαθήκης αὐτοῦ λόγου οὗ ἐνετείλατο εἰς χιλίας γενεάς
He remembered his covenant forever, the word he commanded for a thousand generations,
The historical rehearsal begins by grounding everything in God's enduring memory of his covenant word.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐμνήσθημιμνήσκωVSI AAI3S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνααἰώνN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'αἰών'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διαθήκηςδιαθήκηN1 GSF · διαθήκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'διαθήκη'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λόγουwordN2 GSM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὗὅςRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνετείλατοτέλλομαι + ἐνVAI AMI3S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'τέλλομαι + ἐν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χιλίαςχίλιοιA1A APF · χίλιοιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχίλιοι: meaning 'χίλιοι'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γενεάςγενεάN1A APF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'γενεά'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
ὃν διέθετο τῷ Αβρααμ καὶ τοῦ ὅρκου αὐτοῦ τῷ Ισαακ
which he established with Abraham, and his oath to Isaac,
The promise is traced through the patriarchs as a sworn commitment.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὃνὅςRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διέθετοτίθημι + διαVEI AMI3S · τίθημι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι + δια: meaning 'τίθημι + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑβρααμἈβραάμN DSM · Ἀβραάμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑβρααμ: meaning 'Ἀβραάμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρκουὅρκοςN2 GSM · ὅρκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅρκος: meaning 'ὅρκος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσαακΙσαακN DSM · Ισαακadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙσαακ: meaning 'Ισαακ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
10
καὶ ἔστησεν αὐτὴν τῷ Ιακωβ εἰς πρόσταγμα καὶ τῷ Ισραηλ διαθήκην αἰώνιον
and he set it for Jacob as an ordinance and for Israel as an everlasting covenant,
The oath becomes a fixed statute for the nation descended from Jacob.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησενἵστημιVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'ἵστημι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβἸακώβN DSM · Ἰακώβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙακωβ: meaning 'Ἰακώβ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρόσταγμαπρόσταγμαN3M ASN · πρόσταγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: meaning 'πρόσταγμα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλἸσραήλN DSM · Ἰσραήλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙσραηλ: meaning 'Ἰσραήλ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθήκηνδιαθήκηN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'διαθήκη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰώνιοναἰώνιοςA1B ASF · αἰώνιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰώνιος: meaning 'αἰώνιος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
λέγων σοὶ δώσω τὴν γῆν Χανααν σχοίνισμα κληρονομίας ὑμῶν
saying, 'To you I will give the land of Canaan, the measured portion of your inheritance,'
The content of the covenant is stated as the promised inheritance of Canaan.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
λέγωνπαπνσμ λέγωV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'παπνσμ λέγω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοὶto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δώσωδίδωμιVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'δίδωμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΧαναανΧανάανN ASF · Χανάανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧανααν: meaning 'Χανάαν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σχοίνισμασχοίνισμαN3M ASN · σχοίνισμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσχοίνισμα: meaning 'σχοίνισμα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κληρονομίαςκληρονομίαN1A GSF · κληρονομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'κληρονομία'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀριθμῷ βραχεῖς ὀλιγοστοὺς καὶ παροίκους ἐν αὐτῇ
when they were few in number, very few, and sojourners in it,
The promise is shown to rest on divine faithfulness, not on the strength of the patriarchs.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιεἰμίV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀριθμῷἀριθμόςN2 DSM · ἀριθμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀριθμός: meaning 'ἀριθμός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βραχεῖςβραχύςA3U APM · βραχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβραχύς: meaning 'βραχύς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀλιγοστοὺςὀλιγοστόςA1 APM · ὀλιγοστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλιγοστός: meaning 'ὀλιγοστός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροίκουςπάροικοςA1B APM · πάροικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπάροικος: meaning 'πάροικος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
καὶ διῆλθον ἐξ ἔθνους εἰς ἔθνος ἐκ βασιλείας εἰς λαὸν ἕτερον
and they passed from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another people,
The fathers moved vulnerably among foreign peoples without settled security.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διῆλθονἔρχομαι + διαVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βασιλείαςβασιλείαN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'βασιλεία'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λαὸνλαόςN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἕτερονἕτεροςA1A ASM · ἕτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἕτερος: meaning 'ἕτερος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
οὐκ ἀφῆκεν ἄνθρωπον ἀδικῆσαι αὐτοὺς καὶ ἤλεγξεν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν βασιλεῖς
he allowed no one to wrong them, and for their sake he rebuked kings,
God actively guarded the patriarchs even while they were exposed and few.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφῆκενἵημι + ἀποVAI AAI3S · ἵημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἵημι + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωπονἄνθρωποςN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'ἄνθρωπος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀδικῆσαιἀδικέωVA AAN · ἀδικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀδικέω: meaning 'ἀδικέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤλεγξενἐλέγχωVAI AAI3S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐλέγχω: meaning 'ἐλέγχω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὲρὑπέρP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'ὑπέρ'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλεῖςβασιλεύςN3V APM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'βασιλεύς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
μὴ ἅπτεσθε τῶν χριστῶν μου καὶ ἐν τοῖς προφήταις μου μὴ πονηρεύεσθε
'Do not touch my anointed ones, and do no evil to my prophets.'
The Lord's protection is voiced as a command that kings must not harm his chosen servants.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅπτεσθεἅπτομαιV1 PMI2P · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἅπτομαι: meaning 'ἅπτομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χριστῶνχριστόςA1 GPM · χριστόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχριστός: meaning 'χριστός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήταιςπροφήτηςN1M DPM · προφήτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπροφήτης: meaning 'προφήτης'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηρεύεσθεπονηρεύομαιV1 PMI2P · πονηρεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπονηρεύομαι: meaning 'πονηρεύομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
καὶ ἐκάλεσεν λιμὸν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν πᾶν στήριγμα ἄρτου συνέτριψεν
And he called a famine upon the land; he shattered every support of bread.
The story turns to Joseph with God sovereign even over the crisis that drives events forward.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσενκαλέωVAI AAI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'καλέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λιμὸνλιμόςN2 ASM · λιμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλιμός: meaning 'λιμός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πᾶνπᾶςA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στήριγμαστήριγμαN3M ASN · στήριγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστήριγμα: meaning 'στήριγμα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄρτουἄρτοςN2 GSM · ἄρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'ἄρτος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συνέτριψεντρίβω + συνVAI AAI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + συν: meaning 'τρίβω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἀπέστειλεν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν ἄνθρωπον εἰς δοῦλον ἐπράθη Ιωσηφ
He sent a man before them; Joseph was sold as a slave.
Joseph's betrayal is re-read as God's prior sending.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἀπέστειλενστέλλω + ἀποVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'στέλλω + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔμπροσθενἔμπροσθενP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'ἔμπροσθεν'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄνθρωπονἄνθρωποςN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'ἄνθρωπος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δοῦλονδοῦλοςN2 ASM · δοῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'δοῦλος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπράθηπιπράσκωVCI API3S · πιπράσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπιπράσκω: meaning 'πιπράσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙωσηφΙωσηφN NSM · Ιωσηφadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωσηφ: meaning 'Ιωσηφ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
18
ἐταπείνωσαν ἐν πέδαις τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ σίδηρον διῆλθεν ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ
They humbled his feet in fetters; iron passed through his soul.
The servant's suffering is described with stark bodily and inward pain.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐταπείνωσανταπεινόωVAI AAI3P · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'ταπεινόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πέδαιςπέδηN1 DPF · πέδηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπέδη: meaning 'πέδη'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαςπούςN3D APM · πούςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'πούς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σίδηρονσίδηροςN2 ASM · σίδηροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσίδηρος: meaning 'σίδηρος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διῆλθενἔρχομαι + διαVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴψυχήN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'ψυχή'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
μέχρι τοῦ ἐλθεῖν τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ τὸ λόγιον κυρίου ἐπύρωσεν αὐτόν
Until the time when his word came, the oracle of the Lord tested him.
Joseph remains under refinement until God's appointed word arrives.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μέχριμέχριP · μέχριpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμέχρι: meaning 'μέχρι'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνἔρχομαιVB AAN · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγιονλόγιονN2N ASN · λόγιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγιον: meaning 'λόγιον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπύρωσενπυρόωVAI AAI3S · πυρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπυρόω: meaning 'πυρόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνheRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
ἀπέστειλεν βασιλεὺς καὶ ἔλυσεν αὐτόν ἄρχων λαῶν καὶ ἀφῆκεν αὐτόν
The king sent and released him, the ruler of peoples set him free.
God overturns Joseph's captivity through royal intervention.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπέστειλενστέλλω + ἀποVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'στέλλω + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεὺςβασιλεύςN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'βασιλεύς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλυσενλύωVAI AAI3S · λύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλύω: meaning 'λύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνheRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄρχωνἄρχωνN3 NSM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'ἄρχων'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαῶνpeoplesN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφῆκενἵημι + ἀποVAI AAI3S · ἵημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἵημι + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνheRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
κατέστησεν αὐτὸν κύριον τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἄρχοντα πάσης τῆς κτήσεως αὐτοῦ
He made him lord of his house and ruler of all his possessions,
Joseph is elevated to authority over Pharaoh's household and resources.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κατέστησενἵστημι + καταVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'ἵστημι + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουοἶκοςN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'οἶκος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρχονταἄρχωνN3 ASM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ἄρχων'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάσηςπᾶςA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήσεωςκτῆσιςN3I GSF · κτῆσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκτῆσις: meaning 'κτῆσις'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
τοῦ παιδεῦσαι τοὺς ἄρχοντας αὐτοῦ ὡς ἑαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους αὐτοῦ σοφίσαι
to instruct his rulers like himself and to make his elders wise.
Joseph's authority includes shaping the rulers of Egypt with wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδεῦσαιπαιδεύωVA AAN · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπαιδεύω: meaning 'παιδεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταςἄρχωνN3 APM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ἄρχων'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑαυτὸνἑαυτοῦRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἑαυτὸν: meaning 'ἑαυτοῦ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςπρεσβύτεροςN2 APM · πρεσβύτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'πρεσβύτερος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοφίσαισοφίζωVA AAN · σοφίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσοφίζω: meaning 'σοφίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ισραηλ εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ Ιακωβ παρῴκησεν ἐν γῇ Χαμ
Then Israel entered Egypt, and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.
The family follows the path God prepared through Joseph.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενἔρχομαι + εἰςVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + εἰς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙσραηλἸσραήλN NSM · Ἰσραήλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙσραηλ: meaning 'Ἰσραήλ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑἴγυπτονΑἴγυπτοςN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationΑἴγυπτον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙακωβἸακώβN NSM · Ἰακώβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙακωβ: meaning 'Ἰακώβ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρῴκησενοἰκέω + παραVAI AAI3S · οἰκέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'οἰκέω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΧαμΧαμN GS · Χαμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧαμ: meaning 'Χαμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
24
καὶ ηὔξησεν τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ σφόδρα καὶ ἐκραταίωσεν αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοῦ
And he increased his people greatly and made them stronger than their enemies.
The Lord blesses Israel with surprising growth under foreign rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ηὔξησεναὐξάνωVAI AAI3S · αὐξάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαὐξάνω: meaning 'αὐξάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνλαόςN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σφόδρασφόδραD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'σφόδρα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκραταίωσενκραταίοωVAI AAI3S · κραταίοωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκραταίοω: meaning 'κραταίοω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπὲρὑπέρP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'ὑπέρ'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςἐχθρόςN2 APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
μετέστρεψεν τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῶν τοῦ μισῆσαι τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ τοῦ δολιοῦσθαι ἐν τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ
He turned their heart to hate his people, to deal craftily with his servants.
Egyptian hostility is folded into God's larger governance of the story.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μετέστρεψενστρέφω + μεταVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + μετα: meaning 'στρέφω + μετα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανκαρδίαN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'καρδία'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισῆσαιμισέωVA AAN · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementμισέω: meaning 'μισέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνλαόςN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δολιοῦσθαιδολιόωV4 PMN · δολιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδολιόω: meaning 'δολιόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλοιςδοῦλοςN2 DPM · δοῦλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: meaning 'δοῦλος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
26
ἐξαπέστειλεν Μωυσῆν τὸν δοῦλον αὐτοῦ Ααρων ὃν ἐξελέξατο αὐτόν
He sent Moses his servant, and Aaron whom he chose.
Deliverance begins with the dispatch of God's appointed mediators.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐξαπέστειλενστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΜωυσῆνΜωυσῆςN1M ASM · Μωυσῆςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationΜωυσῆν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλονδοῦλοςN2 ASM · δοῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'δοῦλος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΑαρωνἈαρώνN ASM · Ἀαρώνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑαρων: meaning 'Ἀαρών'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃνὅςRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξελέξατολέγω + ἐκVAI AMI3S · λέγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'λέγω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνheRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
27
ἔθετο ἐν αὐτοῖς τοὺς λόγους τῶν σημείων αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν τεράτων ἐν γῇ Χαμ
He set among them the words of his signs and wonders in the land of Ham.
The plagues are presented as God's own sign-words enacted in Egypt.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἔθετοτίθημιVEI AMI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'τίθημι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημείωνσημεῖονN2N GPN · σημεῖονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'σημεῖον'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεράτωντέραςN3T GPN · τέραςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέρας: meaning 'τέρας'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΧαμΧαμN GS · Χαμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧαμ: meaning 'Χαμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
28
ἐξαπέστειλεν σκότος καὶ ἐσκότασεν καὶ παρεπίκραναν τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ
He sent darkness and made it dark, and they rebelled against his words.
The judgment of darkness exposes Egypt's resistance to God's command.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐξαπέστειλενστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκότοςσκότοςN3E ASN · σκότοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκότος: meaning 'σκότος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσκότασενσκοτίζωVAI AAI3S · σκοτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκοτίζω: meaning 'σκοτίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεπίκρανανπικραίνω + παραVAI AAI3P · πικραίνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπικραίνω + παρα: meaning 'πικραίνω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
μετέστρεψεν τὰ ὕδατα αὐτῶν εἰς αἷμα καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν τοὺς ἰχθύας αὐτῶν
He turned their waters into blood and killed their fish.
Creation itself becomes an instrument of judgment against Egypt.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μετέστρεψενστρέφω + μεταVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + μετα: meaning 'στρέφω + μετα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδαταὕδωρN3T APN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἷμααἷμαN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'αἷμα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκτεινενκτείνω + ἀποVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'κτείνω + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰχθύαςἰχθύςN3U APM · ἰχθύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰχθύς: meaning 'ἰχθύς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
30
ἐξῆρψεν ἡ γῆ αὐτῶν βατράχους ἐν τοῖς ταμιείοις τῶν βασιλέων αὐτῶν
Their land swarmed with frogs, even in the chambers of their kings.
The plague invades even royal space, showing no earthly refuge from God.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐξῆρψενἔρπω + ἐκVAI AAI3S · ἔρπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρπω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἔρπω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βατράχουςβάτραχοςN2 APM · βάτραχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάτραχος: meaning 'βάτραχος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταμιείοιςταμιεῖονN2N DPN · ταμιεῖονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταμιεῖον: meaning 'ταμιεῖον'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωνβασιλεύςN3V GPM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'βασιλεύς'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
31
εἶπεν καὶ ἦλθεν κυνόμυια καὶ σκνῖπες ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ὁρίοις αὐτῶν
He spoke, and dogflies came, and gnats in all their borders.
A mere divine word is enough to unleash the next wave of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἶπενεἶπονVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'εἶπον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κυνόμυιακυνόμυιαN1A NSF · κυνόμυιαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκυνόμυια: meaning 'κυνόμυια'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκνῖπεςσκνίψN3P NPM · σκνίψnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκνίψ: meaning 'σκνίψ'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσιπᾶςA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρίοιςὅριονN2N DPN · ὅριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅριον: meaning 'ὅριον'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
32
ἔθετο τὰς βροχὰς αὐτῶν χάλαζαν πῦρ καταφλέγον ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν
He made their rains hail, a blazing fire in their land.
The heavens themselves testify against Egypt through destructive storm.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔθετοτίθημιVEI AMI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'τίθημι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βροχὰςβροχήN1 APF · βροχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβροχή: meaning 'βροχή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χάλαζανχάλαζαN1S ASF · χάλαζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάλαζα: meaning 'χάλαζα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πῦρπῦρN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'πῦρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καταφλέγονπαπασν φλέγω + καταV1 · παπασν φλέγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασν φλέγω + κατα: meaning 'παπασν φλέγω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
33
καὶ ἐπάταξεν τὰς ἀμπέλους αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς συκᾶς αὐτῶν καὶ συνέτριψεν πᾶν ξύλον ὁρίου αὐτῶν
And he struck their vines and their fig trees and shattered every tree of their border.
Egypt's cultivated abundance collapses under God's blows.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενπατάσσωVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'πατάσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπέλουςἄμπελοςN2 APF · ἄμπελοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμπελος: meaning 'ἄμπελος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συκᾶςσυκῆN1 APF · συκῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυκῆ: meaning 'συκῆ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέτριψεντρίβω + συνVAI AAI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + συν: meaning 'τρίβω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶνπᾶςA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ξύλονξύλονN2N ASN · ξύλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationξύλον: meaning 'ξύλον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁρίουὅριονN2N GSN · ὅριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅριον: meaning 'ὅριον'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
34
εἶπεν καὶ ἦλθεν ἀκρὶς καὶ βροῦχος οὗ οὐκ ἦν ἀριθμός
He spoke, and locusts came, and caterpillars without number,
Again the plague follows divine speech, now in overwhelming multitudes.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἶπενεἶπονVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'εἶπον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀκρὶςἀκρίςN3D NSF · ἀκρίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκρίς: meaning 'ἀκρίς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βροῦχοςβροῦχοςN2 NSM · βροῦχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβροῦχος: meaning 'βροῦχος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὗὅςRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνεἰμίV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'εἰμί'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀριθμόςἀριθμόςN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: meaning 'ἀριθμός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
35
καὶ κατέφαγεν πάντα τὸν χόρτον ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν καὶ κατέφαγεν τὸν καρπὸν τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν
and they devoured all the grass in their land and devoured the fruit of their ground.
The land is stripped bare under the invading swarm.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέφαγενἐσθίω + καταVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'ἐσθίω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταπᾶςA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χόρτονχόρτοςN2 ASM · χόρτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχόρτος: meaning 'χόρτος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέφαγενἐσθίω + καταVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'ἐσθίω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπὸνκαρπόςN2 ASM · καρπόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'καρπός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
36
καὶ ἐπάταξεν πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν ἀπαρχὴν παντὸς πόνου αὐτῶν
And he struck every firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their toil.
The final plague falls on Egypt's first strength and inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενπατάσσωVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'πατάσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶνπᾶςA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρωτότοκονπρωτότοκοςA1B ASM · πρωτότοκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρωτότοκος: meaning 'πρωτότοκος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπαρχὴνἀπαρχήN1 ASF · ἀπαρχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπαρχή: meaning 'ἀπαρχή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παντὸςπᾶςA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πόνουπόνοςN2 GSM · πόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόνος: meaning 'πόνος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
37
καὶ ἐξήγαγεν αὐτοὺς ἐν ἀργυρίῳ καὶ χρυσίῳ καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἐν ταῖς φυλαῖς αὐτῶν ἀσθενῶν
And he brought them out with silver and gold, and there was no weak one among their tribes.
The exodus is pictured as wealthy, orderly, and unhindered by infirmity.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήγαγενἄγω + ἐκVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἄγω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀργυρίῳἀργύριονN2N DSN · ἀργύριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀργύριον: meaning 'ἀργύριον'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίῳχρυσίονN2N DSN · χρυσίονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: meaning 'χρυσίον'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνεἰμίV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'εἰμί'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλαῖςφυλήN1 DPF · φυλήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφυλή: meaning 'φυλή'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀσθενῶνἀσθενήςA3H GPM · ἀσθενήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσθενής: meaning 'ἀσθενής'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
38
εὐφράνθη Αἴγυπτος ἐν τῇ ἐξόδῳ αὐτῶν ὅτι ἐπέπεσεν ὁ φόβος αὐτῶν ἐπ' αὐτούς
Egypt rejoiced at their departure, because fear of them had fallen upon them.
The oppressor is glad to see Israel go after the terror of divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐφράνθηεὐφραίνωVC API3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐφραίνω: meaning 'εὐφραίνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΑἴγυπτοςΑἴγυπτοςN2 NSF · Αἴγυπτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceΑἴγυπτος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξόδῳἔξοδοςN2 DSF · ἔξοδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔξοδος: meaning 'ἔξοδος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέπεσενπίπτω + ἐπιVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'πίπτω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβοςφόβοςN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'φόβος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπ'ἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
39
διεπέτασεν νεφέλην εἰς σκέπην αὐτοῖς καὶ πῦρ τοῦ φωτίσαι αὐτοῖς τὴν νύκτα
He spread a cloud as a shelter for them, and fire to give them light by night.
The Lord continues as guardian guide once his people leave Egypt.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διεπέτασενπετάζω + διαVAI AAI3S · πετάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπετάζω + δια: meaning 'πετάζω + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεφέληννεφέληN1 ASF · νεφέληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεφέλη: meaning 'νεφέλη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκέπηνσκέπηςN1 ASF · σκέπηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκέπης: meaning 'σκέπης'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῦρπῦρN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'πῦρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωτίσαιφωτίζωVA AAN · φωτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφωτίζω: meaning 'φωτίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νύκτανύξN3 ASF · νύξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνύξ: meaning 'νύξ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
40
ᾔτησαν καὶ ἦλθεν ὀρτυγομήτρα καὶ ἄρτον οὐρανοῦ ἐνέπλησεν αὐτούς
They asked, and quail came, and he satisfied them with bread from heaven.
Wilderness need is met by God's generous provision.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ᾔτησαναἰτέωVAI AAI3P · αἰτέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰτέω: meaning 'αἰτέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀρτυγομήτραὀρτυγομήτραN1A NSF · ὀρτυγομήτραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀρτυγομήτρα: meaning 'ὀρτυγομήτρα'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρτονἄρτοςN2 ASM · ἄρτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρτος: meaning 'ἄρτος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐρανοῦοὐρανόςN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'οὐρανός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνέπλησενπίμπλημι + ἐνVAI AAI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'πίμπλημι + ἐν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
41
διέρρηξεν πέτραν καὶ ἐρρύησαν ὕδατα ἐπορεύθησαν ἐν ἀνύδροις ποταμοί
He split a rock, and waters flowed; rivers ran in dry places.
Even barren places become channels of life when God provides.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
διέρρηξενῥήγνυμι + διαVAI AAI3S · ῥήγνυμι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥήγνυμι + δια: meaning 'ῥήγνυμι + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πέτρανπέτραN1A ASF · πέτραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπέτρα: meaning 'πέτρα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρρύησανῥέωVAI AAI3P · ῥέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥέω: meaning 'ῥέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδαταὕδωρN3T ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπορεύθησανπορεύομαιVCI API3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'πορεύομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνύδροιςἄνυδροςA1B DPM · ἄνυδροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνυδρος: meaning 'ἄνυδρος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ποταμοίποταμόςN2 NPM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'ποταμός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
42
ὅτι ἐμνήσθη τοῦ λόγου τοῦ ἁγίου αὐτοῦ τοῦ πρὸς Αβρααμ τὸν δοῦλον αὐτοῦ
For he remembered his holy word spoken to Abraham his servant.
The wilderness gifts are traced back to God's remembered promise to Abraham.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμνήσθημιμνήσκωVSI AAI3S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουwordN2 GSM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουἅγιοςA1A GSM · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'ἅγιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑβρααμἈβραάμN ASM · Ἀβραάμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑβρααμ: meaning 'Ἀβραάμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλονδοῦλοςN2 ASM · δοῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'δοῦλος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
43
καὶ ἐξήγαγεν τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει καὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς αὐτοῦ ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ
And he brought out his people with exultation, and his chosen ones with gladness,
The redeemed departure is marked by celebratory joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήγαγενἄγω + ἐκVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἄγω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνλαόςN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀγαλλιάσειἀγαλλίασιςN3I DSF · ἀγαλλίασιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγαλλίασις: meaning 'ἀγαλλίασις'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτοὺςἐκλεκτόςA1 APM · ἐκλεκτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'ἐκλεκτός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐφροσύνῃεὐφροσύνηN1 DSF · εὐφροσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'εὐφροσύνη'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
44
καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς χώρας ἐθνῶν καὶ πόνους λαῶν ἐκληρονόμησαν
and he gave them the lands of the nations, and they inherited the labors of peoples,
The psalm reaches the conquest outcome: Israel receives what others had cultivated.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενδίδωμιVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'δίδωμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χώραςχώραN1A APF · χώραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχώρα: meaning 'χώρα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόνουςπόνοςN2 APM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόνος: meaning 'πόνος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαῶνpeoplesN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκληρονόμησανκληρονομέωVAI AAI3P · κληρονομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκληρονομέω: meaning 'κληρονομέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
45
ὅπως ἂν φυλάξωσιν τὰ δικαιώματα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν νόμον αὐτοῦ ἐκζητήσωσιν
so that they might keep his ordinances and seek out his law.
The historical recital ends by naming obedience as the goal of God's saving gifts.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅπωςὅπωςC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'ὅπως'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνἄνX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ἄν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξωσινφυλάσσωVA AAS3P · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφυλάσσω: meaning 'φυλάσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιώματαδικαίωμαN3M APN · δικαίωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαίωμα: meaning 'δικαίωμα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμοννόμοςN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'νόμος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκζητήσωσινζητέω + ἐκVA AAS3P · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ζητέω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.