Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Psalms, Chapter 105ΨΑΛΜΟΙ ΡΕ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Israel's rebellions are confessed so the Lord's enduring mercy and renewed gathering may be magnified.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Psalms 105 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs-Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. A communal confession retells Israel's rebellions to magnify the Lord's enduring mercy and renewed gathering. It repeatedly sets human forgetfulness against divine judgment and divine compassion, ending in a plea for renewed gathering from the nations. Versification follows the LXX.

1

αλληλουια ἐξομολογεῖσθε τῷ κυρίῳ ὅτι χρηστός ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ

Alleluia. Give thanks to the Lord, because he is good, because his mercy is forever.

Praise refrainasyndeton
The psalm opens with the classic confession that God's goodness and enduring mercy underwrite the whole confession.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
αλληλουιααλληλουιαI ALLHLOUIAadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastαλληλουια: meaning 'αλληλουια'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξομολογεῖσθεὁμολογέω + ἐκV2 PMD2P · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ὁμολογέω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρηστόςχρηστόςA1 NSM · χρηστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρηστός: meaning 'χρηστός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνααἰώνN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'αἰών'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2

τίς λαλήσει τὰς δυναστείας τοῦ κυρίου ἀκουστὰς ποιήσει πάσας τὰς αἰνέσεις αὐτοῦ

Who will speak the mighty acts of the Lord, who will make all his praises heard?

Rhetorical wonderasyndeton
The singer acknowledges that the Lord's mighty deeds exceed full retelling.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τίςτίςRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'τίς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λαλήσειλαλέωVF FAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαλέω: meaning 'λαλέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυναστείαςδυναστείαN1A APF · δυναστείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδυναστεία: meaning 'δυναστεία'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀκουστὰςἀκουστόςA1 APF · ἀκουστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀκουστός: meaning 'ἀκουστός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσειποιέωVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'ποιέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάσαςπᾶςA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰνέσειςαἴνεσιςN3I APF · αἴνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴνεσις: meaning 'αἴνεσις'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3

μακάριοι οἱ φυλάσσοντες κρίσιν καὶ ποιοῦντες δικαιοσύνην ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ

Blessed are those who keep judgment and do righteousness at every time.

Wisdom beatitudeasyndeton
The community is reminded that covenant happiness belongs to steady justice and righteousness.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μακάριοιμακάριοςA1A NPM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'μακάριος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάσσοντεςπαπνπμ φυλάσσωV1 · παπνπμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'παπνπμ φυλάσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσινκρίσιςN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'κρίσις'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιοῦντεςπαπνπμ ποιέωV2 · παπνπμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ποιέω: meaning 'παπνπμ ποιέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνδικαιοσύνηN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'δικαιοσύνη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶπᾶςA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καιρῷκαιρόςN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'καιρός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
4

μνήσθητι ἡμῶν κύριε ἐν τῇ εὐδοκίᾳ τοῦ λαοῦ σου ἐπίσκεψαι ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ σωτηρίῳ σου

Remember us, O Lord, in the favor of your people; visit us with your salvation,

Petition for favorasyndeton
The psalm turns personal and communal, asking to share in the saving favor given to God's people.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μνήσθητιμιμνήσκωVS AAD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐδοκίᾳεὐδοκίαN1A DSF · εὐδοκίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐδοκία: meaning 'εὐδοκία'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦλαόςN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπίσκεψαισκέπτομαι + ἐπιVA AMD2S · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'σκέπτομαι + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίῳσωτήριονN2N DSN · σωτήριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσωτήριον: meaning 'σωτήριον'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5

τοῦ ἰδεῖν ἐν τῇ χρηστότητι τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν σου τοῦ εὐφρανθῆναι ἐν τῇ εὐφροσύνῃ τοῦ ἔθνους σου τοῦ ἐπαινεῖσθαι μετὰ τῆς κληρονομίας σου

to see the goodness of your chosen ones, to rejoice in the gladness of your nation, to be praised with your inheritance.

Desired participationasyndeton
The prayer seeks restored participation in Israel's joy, praise, and inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδεῖνὁράωVB AAN · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὁράω: meaning 'ὁράω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρηστότητιχρηστότηςN3T DSF · χρηστότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρηστότης: meaning 'χρηστότης'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτῶνἐκλεκτόςA1 GPM · ἐκλεκτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'ἐκλεκτός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐφρανθῆναιεὐφραίνωVC APN · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεὐφραίνω: meaning 'εὐφραίνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐφροσύνῃεὐφροσύνηN1 DSF · εὐφροσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'εὐφροσύνη'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαινεῖσθαιαἰνέω + ἐπιV2 PMN · αἰνέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἰνέω + ἐπι: meaning 'αἰνέω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαςκληρονομίαN1A GSF · κληρονομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'κληρονομία'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6

ἡμάρτομεν μετὰ τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἠνομήσαμεν ἠδικήσαμεν

We sinned with our fathers; we acted lawlessly; we did wrong.

Confession statedasyndeton
The recital begins with unqualified solidarity in ancestral and present guilt.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἡμάρτομενἁμαρτάνωVBI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'ἁμαρτάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνπατήρN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'πατήρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠνομήσαμενἀνομέωVAI AAI1P · ἀνομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀνομέω: meaning 'ἀνομέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἠδικήσαμενἀδικέωVAI AAI1P · ἀδικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀδικέω: meaning 'ἀδικέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7

οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ οὐ συνῆκαν τὰ θαυμάσιά σου οὐκ ἐμνήσθησαν τοῦ πλήθους τοῦ ἐλέους σου καὶ παρεπίκραναν ἀναβαίνοντες ἐν τῇ ἐρυθρᾷ θαλάσσῃ

Our fathers in Egypt did not understand your wonders; they did not remember the multitude of your mercy, but they provoked you as they went up at the Red Sea.

Red Sea rebellionasyndeton
Israel's failure is defined first as forgetfulness of mercy and provocation in the very place of deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρεςπατήρN3 NPM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'πατήρ'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑἰγύπτῳΑἴγυπτοςN2 DSF · Αἴγυπτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceΑἰγύπτῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐοὐD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'οὐ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνῆκανἵημι + συνVAI AAI3P · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵημι + συν: meaning 'ἵημι + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμάσιάθαυμάσιοςA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'θαυμάσιος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμνήσθησανμιμνήσκωVSI AAI3P · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθουςπλῆθοςN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'πλῆθος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλέουςmercyN3E APN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεπίκρανανπικραίνω + παραVAI AAI3P · πικραίνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπικραίνω + παρα: meaning 'πικραίνω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀναβαίνοντεςπαπνπμ βαίνω + ἀναV1 · παπνπμ βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ βαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'παπνπμ βαίνω + ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρυθρᾷἐρυθρόςA1A DSF · ἐρυθρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐρυθρός: meaning 'ἐρυθρός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θαλάσσῃθάλασσαN1S DSF · θάλασσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάλασσα: meaning 'θάλασσα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
8

καὶ ἔσωσεν αὐτοὺς ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ τοῦ γνωρίσαι τὴν δυναστείαν αὐτοῦ

Yet he saved them for the sake of his name, to make known his power.

Name-driven salvationasyndeton
God's rescue rests on his own name and reputation, not Israel's worthiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσωσενσώζωVAI AAI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσώζω: meaning 'σώζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕνεκενἕνεκενP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: meaning 'ἕνεκεν'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματοςnameN3M GSN · ὄνομαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνωρίσαιγνωρίζωVA AAN · γνωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγνωρίζω: meaning 'γνωρίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυναστείανδυναστείαN1A ASF · δυναστείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδυναστεία: meaning 'δυναστεία'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9

καὶ ἐπετίμησεν τῇ ἐρυθρᾷ θαλάσσῃ καὶ ἐξηράνθη καὶ ὡδήγησεν αὐτοὺς ἐν ἀβύσσῳ ὡς ἐν ἐρήμῳ

And he rebuked the Red Sea, and it dried up, and he led them through the deep as through a wilderness.

Sea subduedasyndeton
The sea obeys God's rebuke, turning chaos into a path of deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπετίμησεντιμάω + ἐπιVAI AAI3S · τιμάω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτιμάω + ἐπι: meaning 'τιμάω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρυθρᾷἐρυθρόςA1A DSF · ἐρυθρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐρυθρός: meaning 'ἐρυθρός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θαλάσσῃθάλασσαN1S DSF · θάλασσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάλασσα: meaning 'θάλασσα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξηράνθηξηραίνωVCI API3S · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristξηραίνω: meaning 'ξηραίνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡδήγησενὁδηγέωVAI AAI3S · ὁδηγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁδηγέω: meaning 'ὁδηγέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀβύσσῳἄβυσσοςN2 DSF · ἄβυσσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄβυσσος: meaning 'ἄβυσσος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐρήμῳἔρημοςN2 DSF · ἔρημοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: meaning 'ἔρημος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
10

καὶ ἔσωσεν αὐτοὺς ἐκ χειρὸς μισούντων καὶ ἐλυτρώσατο αὐτοὺς ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθροῦ

And he saved them from the hand of those who hated them and redeemed them from the hand of the enemy.

Redeemed from enemiesasyndeton
The exodus is cast as decisive rescue from hostile power.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσωσενσώζωVAI AAI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσώζω: meaning 'σώζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςχείρN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'χείρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μισούντωνπαπγπμ μισέωV2 · παπγπμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ μισέω: meaning 'παπγπμ μισέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλυτρώσατολυτρόωVAI AMI3S · λυτρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλυτρόω: meaning 'λυτρόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςχείρN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'χείρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐχθροῦἐχθρόςN2 GSM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11

καὶ ἐκάλυψεν ὕδωρ τοὺς θλίβοντας αὐτούς εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐχ ὑπελείφθη

And water covered those afflicting them; not one of them was left.

Enemies drownedasyndeton
The oppressors vanish completely under the returning waters.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλυψενκαλύπτωVAI AAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω: meaning 'καλύπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδωρὕδωρN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλίβονταςπαπαπμ θλίβωV1 · παπαπμ θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ θλίβω: meaning 'παπαπμ θλίβω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἷςεἷςA3 NSM · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countεἷς: meaning 'εἷς'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπελείφθηλείπω + ὑποVVI API3S · λείπω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'λείπω + ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12

καὶ ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ καὶ ᾖσαν τὴν αἴνεσιν αὐτοῦ

Then they believed his words and sang his praise.

Brief faithasyndeton
For a moment Israel responds properly with trust and praise.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίστευσανπιστεύωVAI AAI3P · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπιστεύω: meaning 'πιστεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾖσανεἶμιV9 IAI3P · εἶμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἶμι: meaning 'εἶμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἴνεσιναἴνεσιςN3I ASF · αἴνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴνεσις: meaning 'αἴνεσις'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13

ἐτάχυναν ἐπελάθοντο τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ οὐχ ὑπέμειναν τὴν βουλὴν αὐτοῦ

They quickly forgot his works; they did not wait for his counsel.

Quick forgetfulnessasyndeton
The faith of the previous verse proves fleeting when they refuse God's timing.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐτάχυνανταχύνωVAI AAI3P · ταχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταχύνω: meaning 'ταχύνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπελάθοντολανθάνω + ἐπιVBI AMI3P · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'λανθάνω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργωνἔργονN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔργον: meaning 'ἔργον'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπέμεινανμένω + ὑποVAI AAI3P · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'μένω + ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλὴνβουλήN1 ASF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'βουλή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14

καὶ ἐπεθύμησαν ἐπιθυμίαν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ ἐπείρασαν τὸν θεὸν ἐν ἀνύδρῳ

And they desired craving in the wilderness and tested God in the waterless place.

Craving rebellionasyndeton
Desire becomes rebellion as the people test God in their deprivation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεθύμησανθυμέω + ἐπιVAI AAI3P · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'θυμέω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιθυμίανἐπιθυμίαN1A ASF · ἐπιθυμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιθυμία: meaning 'ἐπιθυμία'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳἔρημοςN2 DSF · ἔρημοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: meaning 'ἔρημος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπείρασανπειράζωVAI AAI3P · πειράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπειράζω: meaning 'πειράζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνύδρῳἄνυδροςA1B DSM · ἄνυδροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνυδρος: meaning 'ἄνυδρος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
15

καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν πλησμονὴν εἰς τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν

And he gave them their request, and he sent fullness into their souls.

Given over to desireasyndeton
God answers, but the granted craving carries its own judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενδίδωμιVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'δίδωμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἴτημααἴτημαN3M ASN · αἴτημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴτημα: meaning 'αἴτημα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαπέστειλενστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλησμονὴνπλησμονήN1 ASF · πλησμονήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλησμονή: meaning 'πλησμονή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὰςψυχήN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'ψυχή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16

καὶ παρώργισαν Μωυσῆν ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ καὶ Ααρων τὸν ἅγιον κυρίου

And they provoked Moses in the camp, and Aaron the holy one of the Lord.

Leaders opposedasyndeton
Their rebellion extends against the Lord's appointed servants.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρώργισανὀργίζω + παραVAI AAI3P · ὀργίζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀργίζω + παρα: meaning 'ὀργίζω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΜωυσῆνΜωυσῆςN1M ASM · Μωυσῆςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationΜωυσῆν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῇπαρεμβολήN1 DSF · παρεμβολήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαρεμβολή: meaning 'παρεμβολή'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνἈαρώνN ASM · Ἀαρώνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑαρων: meaning 'Ἀαρών'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονἅγιοςA1A ASM · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'ἅγιος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17

ἠνοίχθη ἡ γῆ καὶ κατέπιεν Δαθαν καὶ ἐκάλυψεν ἐπὶ τὴν συναγωγὴν Αβιρων

The earth opened and swallowed Dathan and covered over the company of Abiram.

Earth judgmentasyndeton
God answers factional rebellion with sudden, terrifying judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἠνοίχθηοἴγω + ἀναVQI API3S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'οἴγω + ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέπιενπίνω + καταVBI AAI3S · πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίνω + κατα: meaning 'πίνω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΔαθανΔαθανN NSM · Δαθανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαθαν: meaning 'Δαθαν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλυψενκαλύπτωVAI AAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω: meaning 'καλύπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγὴνσυναγωγήN1 ASF · συναγωγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυναγωγή: meaning 'συναγωγή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΑβιρωνΑβιρωνN GSM · Αβιρωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑβιρων: meaning 'Αβιρων'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
18

καὶ ἐξεκαύθη πῦρ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ αὐτῶν φλὸξ κατέφλεξεν ἁμαρτωλούς

And fire was kindled in their company; flame burned up sinners.

Fire judgmentasyndeton
The rebellion is further consumed by holy fire.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεκαύθηκαίω + ἐκVCI API3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαίω + ἐκ: meaning 'καίω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρπῦρN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'πῦρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῇσυναγωγήN1 DSF · συναγωγήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυναγωγή: meaning 'συναγωγή'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φλὸξφλόξN3G NSF · φλόξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφλόξ: meaning 'φλόξ'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατέφλεξενφλέγω + καταVAI AAI3S · φλέγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφλέγω + κατα: meaning 'φλέγω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτωλούςἁμαρτωλόςA1B APM · ἁμαρτωλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'ἁμαρτωλός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19

καὶ ἐποίησαν μόσχον ἐν Χωρηβ καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ γλυπτῷ

And they made a calf in Horeb and worshiped the carved image.

Calf at Horebasyndeton
Idolatry stands at the center of Israel's wilderness failure.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανποιέωVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'ποιέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μόσχονμόσχοςN2 ASM · μόσχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμόσχος: meaning 'μόσχος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΧωρηβΧωρηβN DS · Χωρηβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧωρηβ: meaning 'Χωρηβ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεκύνησανκυνέω + προςVAI AAI3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκυνέω + προς: meaning 'κυνέω + προς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτῷγλυπτόςA1 DSM · γλυπτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλυπτός: meaning 'γλυπτός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
20

καὶ ἠλλάξαντο τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν ἐν ὁμοιώματι μόσχου ἔσθοντος χόρτον

And they exchanged their glory for the likeness of a calf that eats grass.

Glory exchangedasyndeton
The people trade the living God's glory for a degrading image.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠλλάξαντοἀλλάσσωVAI AMI3P · ἀλλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀλλάσσω: meaning 'ἀλλάσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξανδόξαN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'δόξα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁμοιώματιὁμοίωμαN3M DSN · ὁμοίωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁμοίωμα: meaning 'ὁμοίωμα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μόσχουμόσχοςN2 GSM · μόσχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμόσχος: meaning 'μόσχος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔσθοντοςπαπγσμ ἐσθίωV1 · παπγσμ ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ἐσθίω: meaning 'παπγσμ ἐσθίω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χόρτονχόρτοςN2 ASM · χόρτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχόρτος: meaning 'χόρτος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
21

ἐπελάθοντο τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ σῴζοντος αὐτούς τοῦ ποιήσαντος μεγάλα ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ

They forgot God who saved them, who did great things in Egypt,

Savior forgottenasyndeton
Their idolatry is exposed as amnesia toward the saving God.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐπελάθοντολανθάνω + ἐπιVBI AMI3P · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'λανθάνω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῴζοντοςπαπγσμ σώζωV1 · παπγσμ σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ σώζω: meaning 'παπγσμ σώζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιήσαντοςααπγσμ ποιέωVA · ααπγσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγσμ ποιέω: meaning 'ααπγσμ ποιέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεγάλαμέγαςA1 APN · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'μέγας'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑἰγύπτῳΑἴγυπτοςN2 DSF · Αἴγυπτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceΑἰγύπτῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
22

θαυμαστὰ ἐν γῇ Χαμ φοβερὰ ἐπὶ θαλάσσης ἐρυθρᾶς

wondrous things in the land of Ham, fearsome things upon the Red Sea.

Past wonders recalledasyndeton
The confession lingers over the magnitude of what Israel forgot.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
θαυμαστὰθαυμαστόςA1 APN · θαυμαστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθαυμαστός: meaning 'θαυμαστός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΧαμΧαμN GS · Χαμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧαμ: meaning 'Χαμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβερὰφοβερόςA1A APN · φοβερόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφοβερός: meaning 'φοβερός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θαλάσσηςθάλασσαN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'θάλασσα'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐρυθρᾶςἐρυθρόςA1A GSF · ἐρυθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐρυθρός: meaning 'ἐρυθρός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
23

καὶ εἶπεν τοῦ ἐξολεθρεῦσαι αὐτούς εἰ μὴ Μωυσῆς ὁ ἐκλεκτὸς αὐτοῦ ἔστη ἐν τῇ θραύσει ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι τὴν ὀργὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ μὴ ἐξολεθρεῦσαι

And he said that he would destroy them, had not Moses his chosen one stood in the breach before him to turn away his wrath, so that he did not destroy them.

Intercession at the breachasyndeton
Moses' mediation becomes the human means by which judgment is turned back.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενεἶπονVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'εἶπον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξολεθρεῦσαιὀλεθρεύω + ἐκVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰεἰC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'εἰ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜωυσῆςΜωυσῆςN1M NSM · Μωυσῆςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτὸςἐκλεκτόςA1 NSM · ἐκλεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκλεκτός: meaning 'ἐκλεκτός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστηἵστημιVHI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'ἵστημι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θραύσειθραῦσιςN3I DSF · θραῦσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθραῦσις: meaning 'θραῦσις'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνώπιονἐνώπιονP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'ἐνώπιον'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστρέψαιστρέφω + ἀποVA AAN · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'στρέφω + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργὴνὀργήN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'ὀργή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρεῦσαιὀλεθρεύω + ἐκVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24

καὶ ἐξουδένωσαν γῆν ἐπιθυμητήν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν τῷ λόγῳ αὐτοῦ

And they despised a desirable land; they did not believe his word.

Land despisedasyndeton
Unbelief now focuses on the very inheritance God promised.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξουδένωσανοὐδενόω + ἐκVA AAI3P · οὐδενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοὐδενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'οὐδενόω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιθυμητήνἐπιθυμητήA1 ASF · ἐπιθυμητήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιθυμητή: meaning 'ἐπιθυμητή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίστευσανπιστεύωVAI AAI3P · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπιστεύω: meaning 'πιστεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγῳwordN2 DSM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25

καὶ ἐγόγγυσαν ἐν τοῖς σκηνώμασιν αὐτῶν οὐκ εἰσήκουσαν τῆς φωνῆς κυρίου

And they grumbled in their tents; they did not listen to the voice of the Lord.

Tent-side murmuringasyndeton
Private grumbling is revealed as refusal of God's voice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγόγγυσανγογγύζωVAI AAI3P · γογγύζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγογγύζω: meaning 'γογγύζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώμασινσκήνωμαN3M DPN · σκήνωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκήνωμα: meaning 'σκήνωμα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήκουσανἀκούω + εἰςVAI AAI3P · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'ἀκούω + εἰς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςφωνήN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'φωνή'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
26

καὶ ἐπῆρεν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ αὐτοῖς τοῦ καταβαλεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ

And he lifted up his hand against them, to cast them down in the wilderness,

Oath of downfallasyndeton
God responds to unbelief with an oath of wilderness judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπῆρεναἴρω + ἐπιVAI AAI3S · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'αἴρω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραχείρN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'χείρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαλεῖνβάλλω + καταVF2 FAN · βάλλω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'βάλλω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳἔρημοςN2 DSF · ἔρημοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: meaning 'ἔρημος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
27

καὶ τοῦ καταβαλεῖν τὸ σπέρμα αὐτῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν καὶ διασκορπίσαι αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς χώραις

and to cast down their seed among the nations and scatter them through the lands.

Scattering foretoldasyndeton
The consequences widen from wilderness death to future dispersion.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαλεῖνβάλλω + καταVF2 FAN · βάλλω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'βάλλω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρμασπέρμαN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'σπέρμα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationsN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπίσαισκορπίζω + διαVA AAN · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'σκορπίζω + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώραιςχώραN1A DPF · χώραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχώρα: meaning 'χώρα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
28

καὶ ἐτελέσθησαν τῷ Βεελφεγωρ καὶ ἔφαγον θυσίας νεκρῶν

And they were joined to Baal-peor and ate sacrifices of the dead.

Baal-peor apostasyasyndeton
Covenant betrayal now takes explicit cultic form among foreign worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτελέσθησαντελέωVSI API3P · τελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτελέω: meaning 'τελέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒεελφεγωρΒεελφεγωρN DSM · Βεελφεγωρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΒεελφεγωρ: meaning 'Βεελφεγωρ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφαγονἐσθίωVBI AAI3P · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω: meaning 'ἐσθίω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυσίαςθυσίαN1A GSF · θυσίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυσία: meaning 'θυσία'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νεκρῶννεκρόςN2 GPM · νεκρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεκρός: meaning 'νεκρός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
29

καὶ παρώξυναν αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπληθύνθη ἐν αὐτοῖς ἡ πτῶσις

And they provoked him by their practices, and the plague multiplied among them.

Plague for sinasyndeton
Their idolatrous habits bring immediate communal devastation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρώξυνανὀξύνω + παραVAI AAI3P · ὀξύνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀξύνω + παρα: meaning 'ὀξύνω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδεύμασινἐπιτήδευμαN3M DPN · ἐπιτήδευμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'ἐπιτήδευμα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπληθύνθηπληθύνωVCI API3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληθύνω: meaning 'πληθύνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτῶσιςπτῶσιςN3I NSF · πτῶσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτῶσις: meaning 'πτῶσις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
30

καὶ ἔστη Φινεες καὶ ἐξιλάσατο καὶ ἐκόπασεν ἡ θραῦσις

Then Phinehas stood and made atonement, and the plague ceased.

Zeal intervenesasyndeton
A priestly act of zeal halts the spreading judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστηἵστημιVHI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'ἵστημι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΦινεεςΦινεεςN NSM · Φινεεςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΦινεες: meaning 'Φινεες'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιλάσατοἱλάσκομαι + ἐκVAI AMI3S · ἱλάσκομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἱλάσκομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'ἱλάσκομαι + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκόπασενκοπάζωVAI AAI3S · κοπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοπάζω: meaning 'κοπάζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θραῦσιςθραῦσιςN3I NSF · θραῦσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθραῦσις: meaning 'θραῦσις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
31

καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην εἰς γενεὰν καὶ γενεὰν ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος

And it was reckoned to him as righteousness from generation to generation forever.

Zeal rememberedasyndeton
Phinehas' action receives lasting covenant commendation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλογίσθηλογίζομαιVSI API3S · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι: meaning 'λογίζομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνηνδικαιοσύνηN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'δικαιοσύνη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεὰνγενεάN1A ASF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'γενεά'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενεὰνγενεάN1A ASF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'γενεά'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςαἰώνN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'αἰών'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
32

καὶ παρώργισαν αὐτὸν ἐφ' ὕδατος ἀντιλογίας καὶ ἐκακώθη Μωυσῆς δι' αὐτούς

And they provoked him at the water of contradiction, and Moses suffered because of them,

Meribah provocationasyndeton
Even near the end, Israel's contentiousness harms its mediator.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρώργισανὀργίζω + παραVAI AAI3P · ὀργίζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀργίζω + παρα: meaning 'ὀργίζω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐφ'ἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕδατοςὕδωρN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀντιλογίαςἀντιλογίαN1A GSF · ἀντιλογίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀντιλογία: meaning 'ἀντιλογία'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκακώθηκακόωVCI API3S · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκακόω: meaning 'κακόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΜωυσῆςΜωυσῆςN1M NSM · Μωυσῆςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δι'διάP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'διά'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
33

ὅτι παρεπίκραναν τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ καὶ διέστειλεν ἐν τοῖς χείλεσιν αὐτοῦ

because they embittered his spirit, and he spoke rashly with his lips.

Moses embitteredasyndeton
The people's rebellion spills over into Moses' own failure.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεπίκρανανπικραίνω + παραVAI AAI3P · πικραίνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπικραίνω + παρα: meaning 'πικραίνω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαπνεῦμαN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'πνεῦμα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέστειλενστέλλω + διαVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + δια: meaning 'στέλλω + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείλεσινχεῖλοςN3E DPN · χεῖλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχεῖλος: meaning 'χεῖλος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
34

οὐκ ἐξωλέθρευσαν τὰ ἔθνη ἃ εἶπεν κύριος αὐτοῖς

They did not destroy the nations that the Lord told them about,

Commands neglectedasyndeton
The sin of Canaan begins with simple refusal to obey the conquest charge.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξωλέθρευσανὀλεθρεύω + ἐκVAI AAI3P · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅςRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶπενεἶπονVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'εἶπον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
35

καὶ ἐμίγησαν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν καὶ ἔμαθον τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν

but they mingled among the nations and learned their works.

Assimilationasyndeton
Coexistence becomes imitation when Israel absorbs pagan practice.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμίγησανμίγνυμιVDI API3P · μίγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμίγνυμι: meaning 'μίγνυμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationsN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμαθονμανθάνωVBI AAI3P · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμανθάνω: meaning 'μανθάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
36

καὶ ἐδούλευσαν τοῖς γλυπτοῖς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐγενήθη αὐτοῖς εἰς σκάνδαλον

And they served their carved images, and these became a snare to them.

Idolatrous snareasyndeton
What they worship becomes the trap that undoes them.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδούλευσανδουλεύωVAI AAI3P · δουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδουλεύω: meaning 'δουλεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτοῖςγλυπτόςA1 DPM · γλυπτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλυπτός: meaning 'γλυπτός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηγίγνομαιVCI API3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'γίγνομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκάνδαλονσκάνδαλονN2N ASN · σκάνδαλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκάνδαλον: meaning 'σκάνδαλον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
37

καὶ ἔθυσαν τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας αὐτῶν τοῖς δαιμονίοις

And they sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons.

Children sacrificedasyndeton
The narrative reaches its darkest point in demonic child sacrifice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθυσανθύωVAI AAI3P · θύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθύω: meaning 'θύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςυἱόςN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'υἱός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέραςθυγάτηρN3 APF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'θυγάτηρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δαιμονίοιςδαιμόνιονN2N DPN · δαιμόνιονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδαιμόνιον: meaning 'δαιμόνιον'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
38

καὶ ἐξέχεαν αἷμα ἀθῷον αἷμα υἱῶν αὐτῶν καὶ θυγατέρων ὧν ἔθυσαν τοῖς γλυπτοῖς Χανααν καὶ ἐφονοκτονήθη ἡ γῆ ἐν τοῖς αἵμασιν

And they poured out innocent blood, the blood of their sons and daughters, whom they sacrificed to the carved images of Canaan, and the land was polluted with bloodshed.

Land defiledasyndeton
Violence against children renders the land itself blood-guilty.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέχεανχέω + ἐκVAI AAI3P · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'χέω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἷμααἷμαN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'αἷμα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀθῷονἀθῷοςA1 ASN · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθῷος: meaning 'ἀθῷος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἷμααἷμαN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'αἷμα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
υἱῶνυἱόςN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'υἱός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέρωνθυγάτηρN3 GPF · θυγάτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'θυγάτηρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὧνὅςRR GPF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθυσανθύωVAI AAI3P · θύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθύω: meaning 'θύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτοῖςγλυπτόςA1 DPM · γλυπτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλυπτός: meaning 'γλυπτός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΧαναανΧανάανN GSF · Χανάανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧανααν: meaning 'Χανάαν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφονοκτονήθηφονοκτονέωVCI API3S · φονοκτονέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφονοκτονέω: meaning 'φονοκτονέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵμασιναἷμαN3M DPN · αἷμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἷμα: meaning 'αἷμα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
39

καὶ ἐμιάνθη ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπόρνευσαν ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν αὐτῶν

And they were defiled by their works and prostituted themselves by their practices.

Defiled practicesasyndeton
Idolatry is named as spiritual prostitution and contamination.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμιάνθημιαίνωVCI API3S · μιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιαίνω: meaning 'μιαίνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργοιςἔργονN2N DPN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'ἔργον'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπόρνευσανπορνεύωVAI AAI3P · πορνεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπορνεύω: meaning 'πορνεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδεύμασινἐπιτήδευμαN3M DPN · ἐπιτήδευμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'ἐπιτήδευμα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
40

καὶ ὠργίσθη θυμῷ κύριος ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐβδελύξατο τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ

And the Lord grew angry in wrath against his people and abhorred his inheritance.

Divine abhorrenceasyndeton
God's covenant anger falls on the very people who are his inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠργίσθηὀργίζωVSI API3S · ὀργίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀργίζω: meaning 'ὀργίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυμῷθυμόςN2 DSM · θυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνλαόςN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβδελύξατοβδελύσσωVAI AMI3S · βδελύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβδελύσσω: meaning 'βδελύσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίανκληρονομίαN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'κληρονομία'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
41

καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς χεῖρας ἐθνῶν καὶ ἐκυρίευσαν αὐτῶν οἱ μισοῦντες αὐτούς

And he gave them into the hands of the nations, and those who hated them ruled over them.

Handed to nationsasyndeton
Foreign domination is interpreted as covenant judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέδωκενδίδωμι + παραVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'δίδωμι + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςχείρN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'χείρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκυρίευσανκυριεύωVAI AAI3P · κυριεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκυριεύω: meaning 'κυριεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισοῦντεςπαπνπμ μισέωV2 · παπνπμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ μισέω: meaning 'παπνπμ μισέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
42

καὶ ἔθλιψαν αὐτοὺς οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐταπεινώθησαν ὑπὸ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν

And their enemies oppressed them, and they were humbled under their hands.

Humbling oppressionasyndeton
The consequences of disobedience become political and bodily subjugation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθλιψανθλίβωVAI AAI3P · θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθλίβω: meaning 'θλίβω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὶἐχθρόςN2 NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταπεινώθησανταπεινόωVCI API3P · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'ταπεινόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςχείρN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'χείρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
43

πλεονάκις ἐρρύσατο αὐτούς αὐτοὶ δὲ παρεπίκραναν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ βουλῇ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐταπεινώθησαν ἐν ταῖς ἀνομίαις αὐτῶν

Many times he rescued them, but they provoked him in their counsel and were brought low in their lawless deeds.

Repeated cycleasyndeton
The psalm sums up the recurring cycle of rescue, rebellion, and humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
πλεονάκιςπλεονάκιςD · πλεονάκιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλεονάκις: meaning 'πλεονάκις'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρρύσατοῥύομαιVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥύομαι: meaning 'ῥύομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αὐτοὶtheyRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'they'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεπίκρανανπικραίνω + παραVAI AAI3P · πικραίνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπικραίνω + παρα: meaning 'πικραίνω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλῇβουλήN1 DSF · βουλήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβουλή: meaning 'βουλή'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταπεινώθησανταπεινόωVCI API3P · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'ταπεινόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίαιςἀνομίαN1A DPF · ἀνομίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνομία: meaning 'ἀνομία'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
44

καὶ εἶδεν ἐν τῷ θλίβεσθαι αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ αὐτὸν εἰσακοῦσαι τῆς δεήσεως αὐτῶν

Yet he saw when they were afflicted, when he heard their supplication.

Mercy sees afflictionasyndeton
Judgment does not cancel God's attentive compassion toward the afflicted.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενὁράωVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'ὁράω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλίβεσθαιθλίβωV1 PMN · θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementθλίβω: meaning 'θλίβω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰσακοῦσαιἀκούω + εἰςVA AAN · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'ἀκούω + εἰς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεήσεωςδέησιςN3I GSF · δέησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδέησις: meaning 'δέησις'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
45

καὶ ἐμνήσθη τῆς διαθήκης αὐτοῦ καὶ μετεμελήθη κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ ἐλέους αὐτοῦ

And he remembered his covenant and relented according to the multitude of his mercy.

Covenant compassionasyndeton
The same covenant that grounds judgment also grounds relenting mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμνήσθημιμνήσκωVSI AAI3S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηςδιαθήκηN1 GSF · διαθήκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'διαθήκη'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετεμελήθημελέω + μεταVCI AAI3S · μελέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμελέω + μετα: meaning 'μελέω + μετα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰκατάP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'κατά'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςπλῆθοςN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'πλῆθος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλέουςmercyN3E GSN · ἔλεοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
46

καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς οἰκτιρμοὺς ἐναντίον πάντων τῶν αἰχμαλωτισάντων αὐτούς

And he gave them compassion in the sight of all who had taken them captive.

Mercy through captorsasyndeton
God softens even their captors for the sake of his suffering people.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενδίδωμιVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'δίδωμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςheRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἰκτιρμοὺςοἰκτιρμόςN2 APM · οἰκτιρμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκτιρμός: meaning 'οἰκτιρμός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐναντίονἐναντίονP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'ἐναντίον'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάντωνπᾶςA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωτισάντωνααπγπμ αἰχμαλωτίζωVA · ααπγπμ αἰχμαλωτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγπμ αἰχμαλωτίζω: meaning 'ααπγπμ αἰχμαλωτίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
47

σῶσον ἡμᾶς κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν καὶ ἐπισυνάγαγε ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῶν ἐθνῶν τοῦ ἐξομολογήσασθαι τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἁγίῳ σου τοῦ ἐγκαυχᾶσθαι ἐν τῇ αἰνέσει σου

Save us, O Lord our God, and gather us from the nations, that we may give thanks to your holy name and glory in your praise.

Prayer for regatheringasyndeton
The history lesson becomes a direct plea for present restoration from dispersion.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
σῶσονσώζωVA AAD2S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσώζω: meaning 'σώζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισυνάγαγεἄγω + ἐπι + συνVB AAD2S · ἄγω + ἐπι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἄγω + ἐπι + συν: meaning 'ἄγω + ἐπι + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξομολογήσασθαιὁμολογέω + ἐκVA AMN · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ὁμολογέω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳἅγιοςA1A DSN · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'ἅγιος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγκαυχᾶσθαικαυχάομαι + ἐκVA AMN · καυχάομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαυχάομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'καυχάομαι + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰνέσειαἴνεσιςN3I DSF · αἴνεσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἴνεσις: meaning 'αἴνεσις'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
48

εὐλογητὸς κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ ἐρεῖ πᾶς ὁ λαός γένοιτο γένοιτο

Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, from everlasting even to everlasting, and all the people shall say, 'Amen, amen.'

Doxologyasyndeton
The confession ends in corporate blessing and congregational assent.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
εὐλογητὸςεὐλογητόςA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐλογητός: meaning 'εὐλογητός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλἸσραήλN GSM · Ἰσραήλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙσραηλ: meaning 'Ἰσραήλ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςαἰώνN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'αἰών'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςαἰώνN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'αἰών'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖεἶπονVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'εἶπον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςπᾶςA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςλαόςN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γένοιτογίγνομαιVB AMO3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'γίγνομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γένοιτογίγνομαιVB AMO3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'γίγνομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.