1
τῷ Δαυιδ ψαλμός εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου
A psalm for David. The Lord said to my Lord, 'Sit at my right hand until I place your enemies as a footstool for your feet.'
The psalm begins with a divine speech that enthrones David's lord beside God and promises total subjugation of his enemies.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλμόςpsalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶπενεἶπονVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'εἶπον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουἐγώRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κάθουἧμαι + καταV1 PMD2S · ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'ἧμαι + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δεξιῶνright handA1A GPM · δεξιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουἐγώRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἂνἄνX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ἄν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θῶplaceVE AAS1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρούςenemyN2 APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑποπόδιονfootstoolN2N ASN · ὑποπόδιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑποπόδιον: meaning 'footstool'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδῶνfootN3D GPM · πούςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
ῥάβδον δυνάμεώς σου ἐξαποστελεῖ κύριος ἐκ Σιων καὶ κατακυρίευε ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου
The Lord will send out the scepter of your power from Zion, and rule in the midst of your enemies.
The enthroned ruler receives active dominion from Zion, extending his reign straight into hostile territory.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ῥάβδονscepterN2 ASF · ῥάβδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥάβδος: meaning 'scepter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δυνάμεώςpowerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'power'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξαποστελεῖστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποVF2 FAI3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣιωνΣιωνN GSF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Σιων'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακυρίευεκυριεύω + καταV1 PAD2S · κυριεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκυριεύω + κατα: meaning 'κυριεύω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
μετὰ σοῦ ἡ ἀρχὴ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῆς δυνάμεώς σου ἐν ταῖς λαμπρότησιν τῶν ἁγίων ἐκ γαστρὸς πρὸ ἑωσφόρου ἐξεγέννησά σε
With you is rule in the day of your power, in the splendors of the saints; from the womb, before the morning star, I begot you.
The oracle portrays the ruler in radiant holiness and traces his begetting to a time before the dawn.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχὴruleN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'rule'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεώςpowerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'power'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαμπρότησινsplendorN3T DPF · λαμπρότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαμπρότης: meaning 'splendor'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholyA1A GPM · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γαστρὸςwombN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγαστήρ: meaning 'womb'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἑωσφόρουmorning starN2 GSM · ἑωσφόροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἑωσφόρος: meaning 'morning star'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξεγέννησάγεννάω + ἐκVAI AAI1S · γεννάω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγεννάω + ἐκ: meaning 'γεννάω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ὤμοσεν κύριος καὶ οὐ μεταμεληθήσεται σὺ εἶ ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδεκ
The Lord swore and will not change his mind: 'You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek.'
Royal authority is deepened by a permanent priestly status grounded in the Lord's unalterable oath.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὤμοσενswearVAI AAI3S · ὄμνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὄμνυμι: meaning 'swear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταμεληθήσεταιμελέω + μεταVC FPI3S · μελέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμελέω + μετα: meaning 'μελέω + μετα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὺσύRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατὰagainstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τάξινorderN3I ASF · τάξιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτάξις: meaning 'order'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΜελχισεδεκΜελχισεκεκN GSM · Μελχισεκεκadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΜελχισεδεκ: meaning 'Μελχισεκεκ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
5
κύριος ἐκ δεξιῶν σου συνέθλασεν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλεῖς
The Lord at your right hand crushed kings in the day of his wrath.
The enthroned power now moves into battle, toppling kings when divine wrath is revealed.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δεξιῶνright handA1A GPM · δεξιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνέθλασενθλάω + συνVAI AAI3S · θλάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθλάω + συν: meaning 'θλάω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀργῆςwrathN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦαὐτόςRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
κρινεῖ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν πληρώσει πτώματα συνθλάσει κεφαλὰς ἐπὶ γῆς πολλῶν
He will judge among the nations; he will fill up corpses; he will crush heads over the land of many.
The martial oracle broadens from kings to nations, emphasizing decisive and overwhelming judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κρινεῖjudgeVF2 FAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πληρώσειfillVF FAI3S · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπληρόω: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτώματαcorpseN3M APN · πτῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτῶμα: meaning 'corpse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
συνθλάσειθλάω + συνVF FAI3S · θλάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθλάω + συν: meaning 'θλάω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κεφαλὰςheadN1 APF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ἐκ χειμάρρου ἐν ὁδῷ πίεται διὰ τοῦτο ὑψώσει κεφαλήν
He will drink from a brook on the way; therefore he will lift up his head.
A brief final image presents refreshed endurance on the march and the uplifted head of victory.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειμάρρουχειμάρρουςN3E GSM · χειμάρρουςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχειμάρρους: meaning 'χειμάρρους'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πίεταιdrinkVF FMI3S · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοοὗτοςRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑψώσειlift upVF FAI3S · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑψόω: meaning 'lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κεφαλήνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.