1
εἰς τὸ τέλος ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυιδ
For the end, a psalm for David.
The heading frames the prayer as Davidic and prepares for a plea shaped by conflict.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςτέλοςN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'τέλος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ψαλμὸςpsalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδΔαυίδN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'Δαυίδ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
ἐξελοῦ με κύριε ἐξ ἀνθρώπου πονηροῦ ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς ἀδίκου ῥῦσαί με
Deliver me, O Lord, from the evil man; rescue me from the unjust man,
The psalm begins with direct petition for rescue from a morally corrupt and violent adversary.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐξελοῦαἱρέω + ἐκVZ AAD2S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'αἱρέω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνθρώπουἄνθρωποςN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'ἄνθρωπος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πονηροῦπονηρόςA1A GSM · πονηρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρός: meaning 'πονηρός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνδρὸςἀνήρN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'ἀνήρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀδίκουἄδικοςA1B GSM · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'ἄδικος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ῥῦσαίῥύομαιVA AAD2S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateῥύομαι: meaning 'ῥύομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
οἵτινες ἐλογίσαντο ἀδικίας ἐν καρδίᾳ ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν παρετάσσοντο πολέμους
those who devised injustices in their heart; all day long they were arraying wars.
The enemies' violence is shown to begin inwardly and to persist as continual preparation for conflict.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οἵτινεςὅστιςRX NPM · ὅστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅστις: meaning 'ὅστις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλογίσαντολογίζομαιVAI AMI3P · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι: meaning 'λογίζομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδικίαςἀδικίαN1A APF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδικία: meaning 'ἀδικία'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳin heartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'in heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅληνὅλοςA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'ὅλος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανἡμέραN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'ἡμέρα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρετάσσοντοτάσσω + παραV1I IMI3P · τάσσω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτάσσω + παρα: meaning 'τάσσω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολέμουςπόλεμοςN2 APM · πόλεμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'πόλεμος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ἠκόνησαν γλῶσσαν αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ ὄφεως ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν διάψαλμα
They sharpened their tongue like a serpent; the venom of asps is under their lips. Selah.
Hostility is concentrated in destructive speech, pictured as venomous and lethal.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἠκόνησανἀκονάωVAI AAI3P · ἀκονάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκονάω: meaning 'ἀκονάω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γλῶσσανγλῶσσαN1S ASF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'γλῶσσα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRP GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡσεὶlikeD · ὡσεὶadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄφεωςὄφιςN3I GSM · ὄφιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄφις: meaning 'ὄφις'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰὸςἰόςN2 NSM · ἰόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰός: meaning 'ἰός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσπίδωνἀσπίςN3D GPF · ἀσπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσπίς: meaning 'ἀσπίς'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείληlipsN3E APN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRP GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διάψαλμαδιάψαλμαN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'διάψαλμα'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
5
φύλαξόν με κύριε ἐκ χειρὸς ἁμαρτωλοῦ ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπων ἀδίκων ἐξελοῦ με οἵτινες ἐλογίσαντο ὑποσκελίσαι τὰ διαβήματά μου
Guard me, O Lord, from the hand of the sinner; from unjust men deliver me, those who planned to trip up my steps.
The prayer narrows to specific protection from those scheming to make the psalmist fall.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
φύλαξόνφυλάσσωVA AAD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'φυλάσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςχείρN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'χείρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἁμαρτωλοῦἁμαρτωλόςA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'ἁμαρτωλός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνἄνθρωποςN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'ἄνθρωπος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀδίκωνἄδικοςA1B GPM · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'ἄδικος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξελοῦαἱρέω + ἐκVB AMD2S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'αἱρέω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἵτινεςὅστιςRX NPM · ὅστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅστις: meaning 'ὅστις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλογίσαντολογίζομαιVAI AMI3P · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι: meaning 'λογίζομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑποσκελίσαισκελίζω + ὑποVA AAN · σκελίζω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσκελίζω + ὑπο: meaning 'σκελίζω + ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβήματάδιάβημαN3M APN · διάβημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιάβημα: meaning 'διάβημα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ἔκρυψαν ὑπερήφανοι παγίδα μοι καὶ σχοινία διέτειναν παγίδας τοῖς ποσίν μου ἐχόμενα τρίβου σκάνδαλον ἔθεντό μοι διάψαλμα
The proud hid a snare for me, and with cords they stretched out traps for my feet; beside the path they set a stumbling block for me. Selah.
The enemy's pride expresses itself in carefully hidden snares laid along the psalmist's road.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἔκρυψανκρύπτωVAI AAI3P · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρύπτω: meaning 'κρύπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπερήφανοιὑπερήφανοςA1B NPM · ὑπερήφανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπερήφανος: meaning 'ὑπερήφανος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παγίδαπαγίςN3D ASF · παγίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαγίς: meaning 'παγίς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σχοινίασχοινίονN2N APN · σχοινίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσχοινίον: meaning 'σχοινίον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διέτειναντείνω + διαVAI AAI3P · τείνω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτείνω + δια: meaning 'τείνω + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παγίδαςπαγίςN3D APF · παγίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαγίς: meaning 'παγίς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποσίνπούςN3D DPM · πούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'πούς'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐχόμεναπμπαπν ἔχωV1 · πμπαπν ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν ἔχω: meaning 'πμπαπν ἔχω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρίβουτρίβοςN2 GSF · τρίβοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτρίβος: meaning 'τρίβος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σκάνδαλονσκάνδαλονN2N ASN · σκάνδαλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκάνδαλον: meaning 'σκάνδαλον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔθεντότίθημιVEI AMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'τίθημι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διάψαλμαδιάψαλμαN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'διάψαλμα'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
εἶπα τῷ κυρίῳ θεός μου εἶ σύ ἐνώτισαι κύριε τὴν φωνὴν τῆς δεήσεώς μου
I said to the Lord, 'You are my God'; give ear, O Lord, to the voice of my supplication.
The middle of the psalm turns from danger to covenant confession and renewed request for attentive hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἶπαεἶπονVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'εἶπον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶεἰμίV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνώτισαιὠτίζομαι + ἐνVA AAD2S · ὠτίζομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὠτίζομαι + ἐν: meaning 'ὠτίζομαι + ἐν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνὴνφωνήN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'φωνή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεήσεώςδέησιςN3I GSF · δέησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδέησις: meaning 'δέησις'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
κύριε κύριε δύναμις τῆς σωτηρίας μου ἐπεσκίασας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν μου ἐν ἡμέρᾳ πολέμου
O Lord, Lord, strength of my salvation, you overshadowed my head in the day of war.
Past protection in battle becomes the basis for present confidence.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
δύναμιςδύναμιςN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'δύναμις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίαςσωτηρίαN1A GSF · σωτηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'σωτηρία'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπεσκίασαςσκιάζω + ἐπιVAI AAI2S · σκιάζω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκιάζω + ἐπι: meaning 'σκιάζω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλήνκεφαλήN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'κεφαλή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳἡμέραN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'ἡμέρα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πολέμουπόλεμοςN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'πόλεμος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
μὴ παραδῷς με κύριε ἀπὸ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας μου ἁμαρτωλῷ διελογίσαντο κατ' ἐμοῦ μὴ ἐγκαταλίπῃς με μήποτε ὑψωθῶσιν διάψαλμα
Do not hand me over, O Lord, from my desire to the sinner; they plotted against me; do not abandon me, lest they be exalted. Selah.
The psalmist asks not to be surrendered to enemy intention or allowed to become the occasion of their triumph.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδῷςδίδωμι + παραVO AAS2S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'δίδωμι + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθυμίαςἐπιθυμίαN1A GSF · ἐπιθυμίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπιθυμία: meaning 'ἐπιθυμία'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁμαρτωλῷἁμαρτωλόςA1B DSM · ἁμαρτωλόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'ἁμαρτωλός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διελογίσαντολογίζομαι + διαVAI AMI3P · λογίζομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι + δια: meaning 'λογίζομαι + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατ'κατάP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'κατά'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλίπῃςλείπω + ἐν + καταVB AAS2S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'λείπω + ἐν + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μήποτεμήποτεD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'μήποτε'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑψωθῶσινὑψόωVC APS3P · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὑψόω: meaning 'ὑψόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διάψαλμαδιάψαλμαN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'διάψαλμα'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
ἡ κεφαλὴ τοῦ κυκλώματος αὐτῶν κόπος τῶν χειλέων αὐτῶν καλύψει αὐτούς
The head of those surrounding me: the labor of their lips will cover them.
The harm generated by enemy lips is asked to fall back upon their own heads.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴκεφαλήN1 NSF · κεφαλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκεφαλή: meaning 'κεφαλή'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυκλώματοςκύκλωμαN3M GSN · κύκλωμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύκλωμα: meaning 'κύκλωμα'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRP GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κόποςκόποςN2 NSM · κόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόπος: meaning 'κόπος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειλέωνχεῖλοςN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'χεῖλος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRP GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καλύψεικαλύπτωVF FAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλύπτω: meaning 'καλύπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRP APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
πεσοῦνται ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἄνθρακες ἐν πυρὶ καταβαλεῖς αὐτούς ἐν ταλαιπωρίαις οὐ μὴ ὑποστῶσιν
Coals will fall upon them; you will cast them into fire, into miseries from which they will not stand.
The prayer imagines comprehensive divine judgment that leaves the wicked unable to recover.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πεσοῦνταιπίπτωVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'πίπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'ἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςαὐτόςRP APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄνθρακεςἄνθραξN3K NPM · ἄνθραξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθραξ: meaning 'ἄνθραξ'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πυρὶπῦρN3 DSN · πῦρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'πῦρ'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καταβαλεῖςβάλλω + καταVF2 FAI2S · βάλλω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'βάλλω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRP APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταλαιπωρίαιςταλαιπωρίαN1A DPF · ταλαιπωρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταλαιπωρία: meaning 'ταλαιπωρία'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποστῶσινἵστημι + ὑποVH AAS3P · ἵστημι + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ὑπο: meaning 'ἵστημι + ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ἀνὴρ γλωσσώδης οὐ κατευθυνθήσεται ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἄνδρα ἄδικον κακὰ θηρεύσει εἰς διαφθοράν
A man of tongue will not be established on the earth; evil will hunt an unjust man to destruction.
Those who live by destructive speech and injustice are declared fundamentally unstable.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀνὴρἀνήρN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'ἀνήρ'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλωσσώδηςγλωσσώδηςA3H NSM · γλωσσώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλωσσώδης: meaning 'γλωσσώδης'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατευθυνθήσεταιεὐθύνω + καταVC FPI3S · εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'εὐθύνω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄνδραἀνήρN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'ἀνήρ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄδικονἄδικοςA1B ASM · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'ἄδικος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κακὰκακόςA1 NPN · κακόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακός: meaning 'κακός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θηρεύσειθηρεύσωVF FAI3S · θηρεύσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθηρεύσω: meaning 'θηρεύσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαφθοράνδιαφθοράN1A ASF · διαφθοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαφθορά: meaning 'διαφθορά'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
ἔγνων ὅτι ποιήσει κύριος τὴν κρίσιν τοῦ πτωχοῦ καὶ τὴν δίκην τῶν πενήτων
I know that the Lord will execute the judgment of the poor and the cause of the needy.
The psalm ends its petition with certainty that God defends the vulnerable.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἔγνωνγιγνώσκωVZI AAI1S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνώσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειποιέωVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'ποιέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινκρίσιςN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'κρίσις'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτωχοῦpoorN2 GSM · πτωχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκηνδίκηN1 ASF · δίκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκη: meaning 'δίκη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενήτωνneedyN3T GPM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'needy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
πλὴν δίκαιοι ἐξομολογήσονται τῷ ὀνόματί σου καὶ κατοικήσουσιν εὐθεῖς σὺν τῷ προσώπῳ σου
Surely the righteous will give thanks to your name, and the upright will dwell with your face.
The closing hope is not only escape from danger but restored worship and abiding presence before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πλὴνπλήνD · πλήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'πλήν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιοιrighteousA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξομολογήσονταιὁμολογέω + ἐκVF FMI3P · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ὁμολογέω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικήσουσινοἰκέω + καταVF FAI3P · οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'οἰκέω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐθεῖςεὐθύςA3U NPM · εὐθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθύς: meaning 'εὐθύς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σὺνσύνP · σύνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'σύν'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπῳπρόσωπονN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'πρόσωπον'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.