1
εἰς τὸ τέλος μὴ διαφθείρῃς τῷ Δαυιδ εἰς στηλογραφίαν
For the end: Do not destroy. For David, for an inscription.
The heading places the psalm in worshipful use, preserves the recurring refrain 'Do not destroy,' and identifies it as a Davidic memorial composition.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαφθείρῃςdestroyV1 PAS2S · φθείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφθείρω + δια: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷforRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στηλογραφίανinscriptionN1A ASF · στηλογραφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστηλογραφία: meaning 'inscription'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
εἰ ἀληθῶς ἄρα δικαιοσύνην λαλεῖτε εὐθεῖα κρίνετε οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων
If indeed you truly speak righteousness, judge uprightly, O sons of men.
The psalm opens by confronting human authorities with a question that already implies their failure to speak and judge with true justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀληθῶςtrulyD · ἀληθῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀληθῶς: meaning 'truly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄραindeedX · ἄραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄρα: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαλεῖτεyou speakV2 PAI2P · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλαλέω: meaning 'you speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐθεῖαuprightlyA3U NSF · εὐθύςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὐθεῖα: meaning 'uprightly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίνετεjudgeV1 PAI2P · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνmenN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
καὶ γὰρ ἐν καρδίᾳ ἀνομίας ἐργάζεσθε ἐν τῇ γῇ ἀδικίαν αἱ χεῖρες ὑμῶν συμπλέκουσιν
For even in your heart you work lawless deeds; in the land your hands weave together injustice.
The answer to the opening question is now explicit: their injustice is not accidental but proceeds from the heart and is enacted through their hands in society.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶevenC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'even'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessesN1A GSF · ἀνομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessnesses'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐργάζεσθεyou workV1 PMI2P · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐργάζομαι: meaning 'you work'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇearthN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖρεςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συμπλέκουσινweave togetherV1 PAI3P · πλέκω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπλέκω + συν: meaning 'weave together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ἀπηλλοτριώθησαν οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀπὸ μήτρας ἐπλανήθησαν ἀπὸ γαστρός ἐλάλησαν ψεύδη
The sinners were estranged from the womb; they went astray from the belly; they spoke lies.
The indictment deepens from actions to character, portraying the wicked as alienated and deceitful from the earliest imaginable point.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπηλλοτριώθησανwere estrangedVCI API3P · ἀλλοτριόω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀλλοτριόω + ἀπο: meaning 'were estranged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτωλοὶsinnersA1B NPM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μήτραςwombN1A GSF · μήτραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτρα: meaning 'womb'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπλανήθησανwent astrayVCI API3P · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπλανάω: meaning 'went astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γαστρόςbellyN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγαστήρ: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐλάλησανthey spokeVAI AAI3P · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'they spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψεύδηliesA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'lies'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
5
θυμὸς αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὴν ὁμοίωσιν τοῦ ὄφεως ὡσεὶ ἀσπίδος κωφῆς καὶ βυούσης τὰ ὦτα αὐτῆς
Their fury is according to the likeness of a serpent, like that of a deaf asp that stops up its ears.
The wicked are now likened to a venomous serpent whose rage is both dangerous and intentionally unresponsive.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
θυμὸςfuryN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'fury'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁμοίωσινlikenessN3I ASF · ὁμοίωσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁμοίωσις: meaning 'likeness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄφεωςserpentN3I GSM · ὄφιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄφις: meaning 'serpent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡσεὶlikeC · ὡσείconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσπίδοςaspN3D GSF · ἀσπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσπίς: meaning 'asp'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κωφῆςdeafA1 GSF · κωφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκωφός: meaning 'deaf'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βυούσηςstopping upVPAP GSF · βύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβύω: meaning 'stopping up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦταearsN3 APN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὖς: meaning 'ears'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ἥτις οὐκ εἰσακούσεται φωνὴν ἐπᾳδόντων φαρμάκου τε φαρμακευομένου παρὰ σοφοῦ
It will not listen to the voice of charmers, or to a drug being skillfully prepared by a wise man.
The serpent image is extended: the wicked are portrayed as resistant even to the wisest means of restraint or healing.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἥτιςwhichRR NSF · ὅστιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἥτις: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσακούσεταιwill listenV1 FDI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'will listen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπᾳδόντωνof charmersVPAP GPM · ἐπᾴδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ imperatival forceἐπᾴδω: meaning 'of charmers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φαρμάκουof a potionN2 GSN · φάρμακονnominal element functioning within the clause→ clausal contributionφάρμακον: meaning 'of a potion'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τεandX · τεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαρμακευομένουbeing preparedVPPP GSN · φαρμακεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφαρμακεύω: meaning 'being prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰbyP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοφοῦwise oneA1 GSM · σοφόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ clausal contributionσοφός: meaning 'wise one'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
7
ὁ θεὸς συνέτριψεν τοὺς ὀδόντας αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν τὰς μύλας τῶν λεόντων συνέθλασεν κύριος
God shattered their teeth in their mouth; the Lord crushed the fangs of the lions.
The psalm turns from description to judgment, invoking God's action against the predators by striking the instruments of their violence.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνέτριψενshatteredVAI AAI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + συν: meaning 'shattered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀδόνταςteethN3 APM · ὀδούςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀδούς: meaning 'teeth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματιmouthN3 DSN · στόμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μύλαςfangsN1C APF · μύληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμύλη: meaning 'fangs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λεόντωνlionsN3 GPM · λέωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλέων: meaning 'lions'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συνέθλασενcrushedVAI AAI3S · θλάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθλάω + συν: meaning 'crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ clausal contributionκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
8
ἐξουδενωθήσονται ὡς ὕδωρ διαπορευόμενον ἐντενεῖ τὸ τόξον αὐτοῦ ἕως οὗ ἀσθενήσουσιν
They will be brought to nothing like water running through; he will bend his bow until they grow weak.
The enemies' end is pictured first as dissipation and then as exposure to God's drawn bow until their strength fails.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐξουδενωθήσονταιwill be brought to nothingVFI FPI3P · οὐδενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοὐδενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'will be brought to nothing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διαπορευόμενονrunning throughVPPP NSN · διαπορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδιαπορεύομαι: meaning 'running through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντενεῖhe will bendV1 FAI3S · τείνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτείνω + ἐν: meaning 'he will bend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόξονbowN2 ASN · τόξονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗwhichRR GSN · ὅςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: meaning 'which'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσθενήσουσινthey grow weakV1 FAI3P · ἀσθενέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀσθενέω: meaning 'they grow weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
ὡσεὶ κηρὸς ὁ τακεὶς ἀνταναιρεθήσονται ἐπέπεσε πῦρ καὶ οὐκ εἶδον τὸν ἥλιον
Like wax that has melted away they will be taken off; fire fell, and they did not see the sun.
The downfall is intensified through images of melting wax and sudden consuming fire that cut off ordinary life and light.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὡσεὶlikeC · ὡσείconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κηρὸςwaxN2 NSM · κηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκηρός: meaning 'wax'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τακεὶςhaving meltedVAPP NSM · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ imperatival forceτήκω: meaning 'having melted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνταναιρεθήσονταιwill be swept awayVFI FPI3P · αἱρέω + ἀντι ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἱρέω + ἀντι ἀνα: meaning 'will be swept away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπέπεσεfell uponVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'fell upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδονthey sawV2 AAI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'they saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥλιονsunN2 ASM · ἥλιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
πρὸ τοῦ συνιέναι τὰς ἀκάνθας ὑμῶν τὴν ῥάμνον ὡσεὶ ζῶντας ὡσεὶ ἐν ὀργῇ καταπίεται ὑμᾶς
Before your thorns can understand the bramble, as though alive, as though in wrath, he will swallow you up.
The image stresses how quickly judgment will come: before the wicked fully develop or feel out their thorny designs, they are consumed.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνιέναιto perceiveVB PAN · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵημι + συν: meaning 'to perceive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκάνθαςthornsN1A APF · ἄκανθαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄκανθα: meaning 'thorns'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥάμνονbrambleN2 ASF · ῥάμνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥάμνος: meaning 'bramble'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡσεὶas ifC · ὡσείconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'as if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζῶνταςlivingVPAP APM · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ imperatival forceζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡσεὶas ifC · ὡσείconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'as if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀργῇwrathN1 DSF · ὀργήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καταπίεταιwill swallow upV1 FMI3S · πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίνω + κατα: meaning 'will swallow up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
εὐφρανθήσεται δίκαιος ὅταν ἴδῃ ἐκδίκησιν ἀσεβῶν τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ νίψεται ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ
The righteous will rejoice when he sees vengeance on the ungodly; he will wash his hands in the blood of the sinner.
The psalm reaches its moral resolution: the righteous rejoice not in private cruelty but in the public manifestation of God's just reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εὐφρανθήσεταιwill rejoiceVFI FPI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'will rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteous oneA1 NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτανwhenC · ὅτανconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδῃhe seesV2 AAS3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω: meaning 'he sees'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκδίκησινvengeanceN3I ASF · ἐκδίκησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA1 GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νίψεταιwill washV1 FMI3S · νίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureνίπτω: meaning 'will wash'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματιbloodN3 DSN · αἷμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτωλοῦsinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
καὶ ἐρεῖ ἄνθρωπος εἰ ἄρα ἔστιν καρπὸς τῷ δικαίῳ ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ θεὸς κρίνων αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ γῇ
And a man will say, 'Then surely there is fruit for the righteous; then surely there is a God who judges them on the earth.'
The final line draws the theological conclusion of the whole psalm: righteous living is not futile because God's earthly judgment is real.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖwill sayV2 FAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'will say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςa manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'a man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰsurelyC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄραthenX · ἄραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄρα: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV1 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρπὸςfruitN2 NSM · καρπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίῳrighteous oneA1 DSM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous one'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἄραthenX · ἄραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄρα: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστὶνthere isV1 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κρίνωνjudgingVPAP NSM · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ imperatival forceκρίνω: meaning 'judging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνonP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇearthN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.