1
εἰς τὸ τέλος τοῖς ἀλλοιωθησομένοις ἔτι εἰς στηλογραφίαν τῷ Δαυιδ εἰς διδαχήν
For the end, for those who will yet be changed, for an inscription, for David, for instruction.
The heading presents the composition as a Davidic instructional memorial and prepares the reader for a psalm that interprets military crisis through worshipful reflection.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοιωθησομένοιςthose who will be changedVC · φππδπμ ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφππδπμ ἀλλοιόω: meaning 'those who will be changed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιyetD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'yet'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στηλογραφίανinscriptionN1A ASF · στηλογραφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστηλογραφία: meaning 'inscription'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷforRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διδαχήνinstructionN1 ASF · διδαχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιδαχή: meaning 'instruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
ὁπότε ἐνεπύρισεν τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν Συρίας καὶ τὴν Συρίαν Σωβα καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν Ιωαβ καὶ ἐπάταξεν τὴν φάραγγα τῶν ἁλῶν δώδεκα χιλιάδας
When he burned Mesopotamia of Syria and Syrian Soba, and Joab returned and struck the Valley of Salt, twelve thousand.
The superscription narrows the setting to remembered conflict in the Aramean and Edomite sphere, giving the lament a concrete national backdrop.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὁπότεwhenD · ὁπότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁπότε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεπύρισενhe burnedVAI AAI3S · ἐμπυρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐμπυρίζω: meaning 'he burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜεσοποταμίανMesopotamiaN1A ASF · Μεσοποταμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationΜεσοποταμίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
Συρίαςof SyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΣυρίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣυρίανSyriaN1A ASF · Συρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationΣυρίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΣωβαSobaN ASF · Σωβαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣωβα: meaning 'Soba'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψενreturnedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙωαβJoabN NSM · Ιωαβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωαβ: meaning 'Joab'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstruckVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγγαvalleyN3G ASF · φάραγξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφάραγξ: meaning 'valley'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁλῶνsaltsN3 GPM · ἅλςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅλς: meaning 'salts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δώδεκαtwelveM · δώδεκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδώδεκα: meaning 'twelve'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χιλιάδαςthousandsN3D APF · χιλιάςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
ὁ θεός ἀπώσω ἡμᾶς καὶ καθεῖλες ἡμᾶς ὠργίσθης καὶ οἰκτίρησας ἡμᾶς
O God, you rejected us and pulled us down; you were angry, yet you had compassion on us.
The prayer begins by naming God as the one who allowed national collapse, holding together rejection, anger, and a first hint of mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁthe / ORA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπώσωyou rejectedVA AMI2S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'you rejected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθεῖλεςyou pulled downVBI AAI2S · αἱρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + κατα: meaning 'you pulled down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὠργίσθηςyou were angryVSI API2S · ὀργίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀργίζω: meaning 'you were angry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκτίρησαςyou had compassionVA AAI2S · οἰκτείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἰκτείρω: meaning 'you had compassion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
συνέσεισας τὴν γῆν καὶ συνετάραξας αὐτήν ἴασαι τὰ συντρίμματα αὐτῆς ὅτι ἐσαλεύθη
You shook the earth and troubled it; heal its fractures, because it was shaken.
The communal complaint intensifies the previous verse by depicting the land itself as shattered and in need of healing from God.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
συνέσεισαςyou shookVAI AAI2S · σείω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσείω + συν: meaning 'you shook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετάραξαςyou troubledVAI AAI2S · ταράσσω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω + συν: meaning 'you troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἴασαιhealVA AMD2S · ἰάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἰάομαι: meaning 'heal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντρίμματαfracturesN3M APN · σύντριμμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύντριμμα: meaning 'fractures'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςof itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσαλεύθηit was shakenVCI API3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'it was shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
ἔδειξας τῷ λαῷ σου σκληρά ἐπότισας ἡμᾶς οἶνον κατανύξεως
You showed your people hard things; you made us drink the wine of staggering.
The people interpret their suffering as something shown and administered by God, using the image of bitter wine to describe disorientation under judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἔδειξαςyou showedVAI AAI2S · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδεικνύω: meaning 'you showed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷforRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκληράhard thingsA1A APN · σκληρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκληρός: meaning 'hard things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπότισαςyou made drinkVAI AAI2S · ποτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποτίζω: meaning 'you made drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατανύξεωςof staggeringN3I GSF · κατάνυξιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκατάνυξις: meaning 'of staggering'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
ἔδωκας τοῖς φοβουμένοις σε σημείωσιν τοῦ φυγεῖν ἀπὸ προσώπου τόξου διάψαλμα
You gave a sign to those who fear you, that they might flee from before the bow. Interlude.
Even within distress, the psalm identifies a divine sign granted to the God-fearing, suggesting that judgment has not erased the possibility of preservation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔδωκαςyou gaveVAI AAI2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'you gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβουμένοιςthose fearingV2 · πμπδπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδπμ φοβέω: meaning 'those fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σημείωσινsignN3I ASF · σημείωσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημείωσις: meaning 'sign'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυγεῖνto fleeVB AAN · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφεύγω: meaning 'to flee'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουbefore the faceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'before the face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τόξουbowN2N GSN · τόξονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
ὅπως ἂν ῥυσθῶσιν οἱ ἀγαπητοί σου σῶσον τῇ δεξιᾷ σου καὶ ἐπάκουσόν μου
So that your beloved ones may be delivered, save with your right hand and hear me.
The communal lament contracts into a direct request that God save his beloved by powerful intervention and answer the plea.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνindeedX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥυσθῶσινthey may be deliveredVD APS3P · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyῥύομαι: meaning 'they may be delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαπητοίbeloved onesA1 NPM · ἀγαπητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαπητός: meaning 'beloved ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σῶσονsaveVA AAD2S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇby theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιᾷright handA1A DSF · δεξιόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάκουσόνhearVA AAD2S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουme / myRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
ὁ θεὸς ἐλάλησεν ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ αὐτοῦ ἀγαλλιάσομαι καὶ διαμεριῶ Σικιμα καὶ τὴν κοιλάδα τῶν σκηνῶν διαμετρήσω
God spoke in his holy place: "I will rejoice, and I will divide Shechem, and I will measure out the valley of tents."
A decisive shift occurs when God speaks, replacing communal instability with sovereign speech over Israel's geography.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὁthe / ORA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷforRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳholy placeA1A DSM · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγαλλιάσομαιI will rejoiceVF FMI1S · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'I will rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαμεριῶI will divideVF2 FAI1S · μερίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμερίζω + δια: meaning 'I will divide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣικιμαShechemN AS · Σικιμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣικιμα: meaning 'Shechem'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλάδαvalleyN3D ASF · κοιλάςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοιλάς: meaning 'valley'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῶνof tentsN1 GPF · σκηνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκηνή: meaning 'of tents'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διαμετρήσωI will measure outVF FAI1S · μετρέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμετρέω + δια: meaning 'I will measure out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
ἐμός ἐστιν Γαλααδ καὶ ἐμός ἐστιν Μανασση καὶ Εφραιμ κραταίωσις τῆς κεφαλῆς μου Ιουδας βασιλεύς μου
Gilead is mine, and Manasseh is mine, and Ephraim is the strength of my head; Judah is my king.
The divine claim continues by listing central tribal territories and symbols of rule, portraying Israel's core identity as securely possessed by God.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐμόςmineA1 NSM · ἐμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμός: meaning 'mine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΓαλααδGileadN NSF · Γαλαάδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΓαλααδ: meaning 'Gilead'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμόςmineA1 NSM · ἐμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμός: meaning 'mine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΜανασσηManassehN NSM · Μανασσήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΜανασση: meaning 'Manasseh'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Εφράιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΕφραιμ: meaning 'Ephraim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κραταίωσιςstrengthN3I NSF · κραταίωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκραταίωσις: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουme / myRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙουδαςJudahN1T NSM · Ἰούδαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceΙουδας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουme / myRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
Μωαβ λέβης τῆς ἐλπίδος μου ἐπὶ τὴν Ιδουμαίαν ἐκτενῶ τὸ ὑπόδημά μου ἐμοὶ ἀλλόφυλοι ὑπετάγησαν
Moab is the pot of my hope; over Idumea I will stretch out my sandal; the foreigners have been subjected to me.
The oracle widens from Israel's own territories to neighboring peoples, presenting them in images of subordination beneath divine dominion.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ΜωαβMoabN NS · Μωαβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΜωαβ: meaning 'Moab'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέβηςpotN3T NSM · λέβηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέβης: meaning 'pot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπίδοςof hopeN3D GSF · ἐλπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐλπίς: meaning 'of hope'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουme / myRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙδουμαίανIdumeaN1A ASF · Ιδουμαίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationΙδουμαίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκτενῶI will stretch outVF2 FAI1S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will stretch out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπόδημάsandalN3M ASN · ὑπόδημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπόδημα: meaning 'sandal'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουme / myRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμοὶto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀλλόφυλοιforeignersA1B NPM · ἀλλόφυλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλλόφυλος: meaning 'foreigners'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπετάγησανwere subjectedVAI AAI3P · τάσσω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτάσσω + ὑπο: meaning 'were subjected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
τίς ἀπάξει με εἰς πόλιν περιοχῆς τίς ὁδηγήσει με ἕως τῆς Ιδουμαίας
Who will bring me into a fortified city? Who will guide me as far as Idumea?
After hearing the oracle, the speaker asks who will actually lead the people into the next concrete objective, the fortified city in Idumea.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπάξειwill bringVF FAI3S · ἄγω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'will bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
περιοχῆςof fortificationN1 GSF · περιοχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπεριοχή: meaning 'of fortification'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁδηγήσειwill guideVF FAI3S · ὁδηγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁδηγέω: meaning 'will guide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕωςas far asP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'as far as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιδουμαίαςof IdumeaN1A GSF · Ιδουμαίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΙδουμαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
οὐχὶ σύ ὁ θεός ὁ ἀπωσάμενος ἡμᾶς καὶ οὐκ ἐξελεύσῃ ὁ θεός ἐν ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ἡμῶν
Is it not you, O God, who rejected us? And will you not go out, O God, with our forces?
The question answers itself by turning back to God, candidly remembering prior rejection while asking for renewed presence with Israel's armies.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὐχὶis it notD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'is it not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σύyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁthe / ORA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁthe / ORA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπωσάμενοςhaving rejectedVA · αμπνσμ ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ ὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'having rejected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσῃwill you go outVF FMI2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'will you go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁthe / ORA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςwith theRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεσινforcesN3I DPF · δύναμιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: meaning 'forces'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
δὸς ἡμῖν βοήθειαν ἐκ θλίψεως καὶ ματαία σωτηρία ἀνθρώπου
Give us help from affliction, for human deliverance is vain.
The psalm states its practical need in compressed form: help must come from beyond human capacity because merely human rescue proves empty.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βοήθειανhelpN1A ASF · βοήθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θλίψεωςafflictionN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ματαίαvainA1A NSF · μάταιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάταιος: meaning 'vain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σωτηρίαdeliveranceN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτηρία: meaning 'deliverance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπουof manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'of man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
ἐν δὲ τῷ θεῷ ποιήσομεν δύναμιν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐξουδενώσει τοὺς θλίβοντας ἡμᾶς
But in God we will do mighty deeds, and he himself will bring to nothing those afflicting us.
The closing line resolves the tension by grounding future strength in God alone, who will overturn the people's oppressors.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷforRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ποιήσομενwe will doVF FAI1P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'we will do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δύναμινmighty deedsN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'mighty deeds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξουδενώσειwill bring to nothingVF FAI3S · οὐδενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοὐδενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'will bring to nothing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλίβονταςthose afflictingV1 · παπαπμ θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ θλίβω: meaning 'those afflicting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.