1
εἰς τὸ τέλος ὑπὲρ Ιδιθουν ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυιδ
For the end, for Jeduthun, a psalm for David.
The heading frames the composition for musical use, links it with Jeduthun, and attributes the psalm to David before the meditation on trust begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρforP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙδιθουνJeduthunN AS · Ιδιθουνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙδιθουν: meaning 'Jeduthun'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλμὸςpsalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
οὐχὶ τῷ θεῷ ὑποταγήσεται ἡ ψυχή μου παρ' αὐτοῦ γὰρ τὸ σωτήριόν μου
Will not my soul be subject to God? For from him is my salvation.
The psalm opens with a rhetorical affirmation that the speaker's whole life is quietly ordered under God because deliverance comes from him alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐχὶsurelyD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑποταγήσεταιwill be subjectVD FPI3S · τάσσω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτάσσω + ὑπο: meaning 'will be subject'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρ'fromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτήριόνsalvationN2N ASN · σωτήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτήριον: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸς θεός μου καὶ σωτήρ μου ἀντιλήμπτωρ μου οὐ μὴ σαλευθῶ ἐπὶ πλεῖον
For he himself is my God and my savior, my defender; I shall certainly not be shaken any further.
The confession deepens by naming God as savior and defender, and the result is a firm refusal of destabilization.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωτήρsaviorN3 NSM · σωτήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτήρ: meaning 'savior'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντιλήμπτωρdefenderN3R NSM · ἀντιλήμπτωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀντιλήμπτωρ: meaning 'defender'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴcertainly notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'certainly not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαλευθῶbe shakenVC APS1S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσαλεύω: meaning 'be shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλεῖονfurtherA3C ASN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'further'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ἕως πότε ἐπιτίθεσθε ἐπ' ἄνθρωπον φονεύετε πάντες ὡς τοίχῳ κεκλιμένῳ καὶ φραγμῷ ὠσμένῳ
How long will you attack a man? Will you all commit murder, like a leaning wall and a wall thrust over?
The speaker turns directly toward the hostile group, exposing the duration, violence, and predatory weakness of their assault.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πότεwhenX · πότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπότε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιτίθεσθεdo you attackV7 PMI2P · τίθημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'do you attack'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'inP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄνθρωπονa manN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'a man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φονεύετεdo you murderV1 PAI2P · φονεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφονεύω: meaning 'do you murder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοίχῳa wallN2 DSM · τοῖχοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτοῖχος: meaning 'a wall'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κεκλιμένῳleaningVM · χππδσμ κλίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππδσμ κλίνω: meaning 'leaning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φραγμῷa fenceN2 DSM · φραγμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφραγμός: meaning 'a fence'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὠσμένῳpushed overVM · χππδσμ ὠθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππδσμ ὠθέω: meaning 'pushed over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
πλὴν τὴν τιμήν μου ἐβουλεύσαντο ἀπώσασθαι ἔδραμον ἐν ψεύδει τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν εὐλογοῦσαν καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν κατηρῶντο διάψαλμα
Only they planned to push down my honor; they ran in falsehood. With their mouth they blessed, but with their heart they were cursing. Pause.
The attack is clarified as a campaign against the psalmist's dignity, marked by deceitful haste and a split between public blessing and inward curse.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
πλὴνonlyD · πλήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'only'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τιμήνhonorN1 ASF · τιμήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτιμή: meaning 'honor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐβουλεύσαντοthey plannedVAI AMI3P · βουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβουλεύω: meaning 'they planned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπώσασθαιto thrust awayVA AMN · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'to thrust away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔδραμονthey ranVBI AAI3P · τρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρέχω: meaning 'they ran'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψεύδειfalsehoodV1 PAI3S · ψεύδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processψεύδομαι: meaning 'falsehood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷto theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐλογοῦσανthey were blessingV2 · παπασφ εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασφ εὐλογέω: meaning 'they were blessing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατηρῶντοthey were cursingV3I IMI3P · ἀράομαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀράομαι + κατα: meaning 'they were cursing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διάψαλμαpauseN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'pause'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
πλὴν τῷ θεῷ ὑποτάγηθι ἡ ψυχή μου ὅτι παρ' αὐτοῦ ἡ ὑπομονή μου
Only be subject to God, my soul, because from him is my endurance.
After describing the enemies, the singer addresses his own soul again, calling it back to quiet submission because persevering expectation comes from God.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πλὴνonlyD · πλήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'only'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑποτάγηθιbe subjectVD APD2S · τάσσω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτάσσω + ὑπο: meaning 'be subject'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρ'fromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπομονήenduranceN1 NSF · ὑπομονήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπομονή: meaning 'endurance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
ὅτι αὐτὸς θεός μου καὶ σωτήρ μου ἀντιλήμπτωρ μου οὐ μὴ μεταναστεύσω
For he himself is my God and my savior, my defender; I shall certainly not be moved away.
The earlier confession is repeated in slightly altered form so that trust answers threat with steadied resolve.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωτήρsaviorN3 NSM · σωτήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτήρ: meaning 'savior'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντιλήμπτωρdefenderN3R NSM · ἀντιλήμπτωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀντιλήμπτωρ: meaning 'defender'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴcertainly notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'certainly not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταναστεύσωbe moved awayVA AAS1S · μεταναστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμεταναστεύω: meaning 'be moved away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
ἐπὶ τῷ θεῷ τὸ σωτήριόν μου καὶ ἡ δόξα μου ὁ θεὸς τῆς βοηθείας μου καὶ ἡ ἐλπίς μου ἐπὶ τῷ θεῷ
In God are my salvation and my glory; the God of my help, and my hope, are in God.
The psalm compresses its theology into a dense chain of predicates, locating rescue, honor, help, and hope entirely in God.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτήριόνsalvationN2N ASN · σωτήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτήριον: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοηθείαςhelpN1A GSF · βοήθειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπίςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
9
ἐλπίσατε ἐπ' αὐτόν πᾶσα συναγωγὴ λαοῦ ἐκχέετε ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν ὁ θεὸς βοηθὸς ἡμῶν διάψαλμα
Hope in him, all the assembly of the people; pour out your hearts before him. God is our helper. Pause.
Personal confidence widens into instruction for the gathered people, who are invited both to trust and to pray with unveiled hearts.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐλπίσατεhopeVA AAD2P · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐλπίζω: meaning 'hope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συναγωγὴassemblyN1 NSF · συναγωγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυναγωγή: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαοῦof the peopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'of the people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκχέετεpour outV2 PAI2P · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartsN1A APF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'hearts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βοηθὸςhelperN2 NSM · βοηθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοηθός: meaning 'helper'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διάψαλμαpauseN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'pause'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
πλὴν μάταιοι οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ψευδεῖς οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐν ζυγοῖς τοῦ ἀδικῆσαι αὐτοὶ ἐκ ματαιότητος ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό
Only the sons of men are vain; the sons of men are false, in balances so as to do wrong; together they are from vanity.
Human status is demystified: ordinary people and prominent people alike prove weightless and deceptive when measured.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
πλὴνonlyD · πλήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'only'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάταιοιvainA1A NPM · μάταιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάταιος: meaning 'vain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνmenN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ψευδεῖςfalseA3H NPM · ψευδήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνmenN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ζυγοῖςbalancesN2 DPM · ζυγόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceζυγός: meaning 'balances'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικῆσαιdo wrongVA AAN · ἀδικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀδικέω: meaning 'do wrong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὶthey themselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'they themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ματαιότητοςvanityN3T GSF · ματαιότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationματαιότης: meaning 'vanity'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶtogetherP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'together'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτόthe sameRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'the same'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
μὴ ἐλπίζετε ἐπὶ ἀδικίαν καὶ ἐπὶ ἅρπαγμα μὴ ἐπιποθεῖτε πλοῦτος ἐὰν ῥέῃ μὴ προστίθεσθε καρδίαν
Do not hope in injustice, and do not long for plunder; if wealth should flow, do not set your heart on it.
The poem turns paraenetic, rejecting oppression, robbery, and rising wealth as false objects of confidence and desire.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μὴcertainly notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'certainly not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλπίζετεhopeV1 PAI2P · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐλπίζω: meaning 'hope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἅρπαγμαplunderN3M ASN · ἅρπαγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅρπαγμα: meaning 'plunder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴcertainly notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'certainly not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιποθεῖτεdesire eagerlyV2 PAI2P · ποθέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποθέω + ἐπι: meaning 'desire eagerly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥέῃshould flowV2 PAS3S · ῥέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyῥέω: meaning 'should flow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴcertainly notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'certainly not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προστίθεσθεsetV7 PMI2P · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτίθημι + προς: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
ἅπαξ ἐλάλησεν ὁ θεός δύο ταῦτα ἤκουσα
Once God spoke; these two things I heard:
A concise revelation formula prepares the closing summary by presenting what follows as the distilled content of divine speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἅπαξonceD · ἅπαξadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅπαξ: meaning 'once'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἤκουσαI heardVAI AAI1S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'I heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
ὅτι τὸ κράτος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ σοί κύριε τὸ ἔλεος ὅτι σὺ ἀποδώσεις ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
that power belongs to God, and to you, O Lord, belongs mercy, because you will repay each one according to his works.
The psalm ends by joining divine sovereignty and covenant mercy with the certainty of God's just recompense.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κράτοςpowerN3E ASN · κράτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκράτος: meaning 'power'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοίto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποδώσειςwill repayVF FAI2S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑκάστῳto eachA1 DSM · ἕκαστοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἕκαστος: meaning 'to each'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.