1
εἰς τὸ τέλος ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυιδ
For the end, a psalm for David.
The heading frames the composition before the plea begins and locates it within the Davidic psalm tradition.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ψαλμὸςpsalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷforRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
εἰσάκουσον ὁ θεός τῆς φωνῆς μου ἐν τῷ δέεσθαί με ἀπὸ φόβου ἐχθροῦ ἐξελοῦ τὴν ψυχήν μου
Hear, O God, the voice of my supplication; from fear of the enemy deliver my life.
The prayer opens with direct address and two imperatives, asking both for attentive hearing and for rescue from enemy-induced terror.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
εἰσάκουσονhearVA AAD2S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁORA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέεσθαίsupplicatingV2 PMN · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδέω: meaning 'supplicating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐχθροῦenemyN2 GSM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξελοῦdeliverVB AMD2S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ἐσκέπασάς με ἀπὸ συστροφῆς πονηρευομένων ἀπὸ πλήθους ἐργαζομένων τὴν ἀνομίαν
You sheltered me from the conspiracy of evildoers, from the crowd of those working lawlessness.
The prayer briefly shifts from request to remembered protection, grounding present confidence in God's prior sheltering action.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐσκέπασάςyou shelteredVAI AAI2S · σκεπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκεπάζω: meaning 'you sheltered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συστροφῆςconspiracyN1 GSF · συστροφήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυστροφή: meaning 'conspiracy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πονηρευομένωνof evildoersV1 · πμπγπμ πονηρεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ πονηρεύομαι: meaning 'of evildoers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλήθουςcrowdN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'crowd'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐργαζομένωνof those workingV1 · πμπγπμ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'of those working'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίανlawlessnessN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
οἵτινες ἠκόνησαν ὡς ῥομφαίαν τὰς γλώσσας αὐτῶν ἐνέτειναν τόξον αὐτῶν πρᾶγμα πικρὸν
They sharpened their tongues like a sword; they bent their bow, a bitter word.
The enemy crowd is now anatomized through vivid martial imagery, where speech itself becomes blade and arrow.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οἵτινεςwhoRX NPM · ὅστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅστις: meaning 'who'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠκόνησανsharpenedVAI AAI3P · ἀκονάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκονάω: meaning 'sharpened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥομφαίανa swordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'a sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλώσσαςtonguesN1S APF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongues'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνέτεινανthey bentVAI AAI3P · τείνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτείνω + ἐν: meaning 'they bent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τόξονbowN2N ASN · τόξονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρᾶγμαa wordN3M ASN · πρᾶγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρᾶγμα: meaning 'a word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πικρὸνbitterA1A ASM · πικρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπικρός: meaning 'bitter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
5
τοῦ κατατοξεῦσαι ἐν ἀποκρύφοις ἄμωμον ἐξάπινα κατατοξεύσουσιν αὐτὸν καὶ οὐ φοβηθήσονται
So as to shoot the blameless from hidden places; suddenly they will shoot at him and will not be afraid.
The hidden purpose behind their verbal weaponry is exposed: a sudden, shameless strike against the innocent.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατατοξεῦσαιshootVA AAN · τοξεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτοξεύω + κατα: meaning 'shoot'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνfromP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀποκρύφοιςhidden placesA1B DPM · ἀπόκρυφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπόκρυφος: meaning 'hidden places'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἄμωμονthe blameless oneA1B ASM · ἄμωμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμωμος: meaning 'the blameless one'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξάπιναsuddenlyD · ἐξάπιναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐξάπινα: meaning 'suddenly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατατοξεύσουσινthey will shootVF FAI3P · τοξεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτοξεύω + κατα: meaning 'they will shoot'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβηθήσονταιthey will be afraidVC FPI3P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφοβέω: meaning 'they will be afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ἐκραταίωσαν ἑαυτοῖς λόγον πονηρόν διηγήσαντο τοῦ κρύψαι παγίδας εἶπαν τίς ὄψεται αὐτούς
They strengthened an evil word for themselves; they discussed how to hide snares. They said, 'Who will see them?'
The verse moves from weaponized speech to organized plotting, stressing mutual reinforcement, hidden traps, and practical atheism.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐκραταίωσανthey strengthenedVAI AAI3P · κραταιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκραταιόω: meaning 'they strengthened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτοῖςfor themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'for themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πονηρόνevilA1A ASM · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διηγήσαντοthey discussedVAI AMI3P · ἡγέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἡγέομαι + δια: meaning 'they discussed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦhow toRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρύψαιhideVA AAN · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκρύπτω: meaning 'hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παγίδαςsnaresN3D APF · παγίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαγίς: meaning 'snares'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄψεταιwill seeVF FMI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'will see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
ἐξηρεύνησαν ἀνομίας ἐξέλιπον ἐξερευνῶντες ἐξερευνήσει προσελεύσεται ἄνθρωπος καὶ καρδία βαθεῖα
They searched out acts of lawlessness; in searching they were exhausted. A man will come near, and the heart is deep.
The wicked are portrayed as relentless investigators of evil, probing ever deeper into human interiority and stratagem.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐξηρεύνησανthey searched outVAI AAI3P · ἐρευνάω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐρευνάω + ἐκ: meaning 'they searched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνομίαςlawless actsN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawless acts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξέλιπονthey exhausted themselvesVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'they exhausted themselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξερευνῶντεςsearchingV3 · παπνπμ ἐρευνάω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἐρευνάω + ἐκ: meaning 'searching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξερευνήσειin investigationN3I DSF · ἐξερεύνησιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐξερεύνησις: meaning 'in investigation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
προσελεύσεταιwill come nearVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + προς: meaning 'will come near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςa manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'a man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρδίαthe heartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'the heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βαθεῖαdeepA3U NSF · βαθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβαθύς: meaning 'deep'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
8
καὶ ὑψωθήσεται ὁ θεός βέλος νηπίων ἐγενήθησαν αἱ πληγαὶ αὐτῶν
And God will be exalted; their wounds came to be like an arrow of little children.
The psalm turns sharply here: God's intervention overturns the conspiracy and reduces the enemy's force to weakness and ridicule.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑψωθήσεταιwill be exaltedVC FPI3S · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑψόω: meaning 'will be exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βέλοςan arrowN3E NSN · βέλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβέλος: meaning 'an arrow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νηπίωνof little childrenA1A GPM · νήπιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνήπιος: meaning 'of little children'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγενήθησανbecameVCI API3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληγαὶwoundsN1 NPF · πληγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπληγή: meaning 'wounds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
καὶ ἐξησθένησαν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς αἱ γλῶσσαι αὐτῶν ἐταράχθησαν πάντες οἱ θεωροῦντες αὐτούς
And their tongues grew weak against them; all who saw them were shaken.
The very instrument of the wicked, their tongue, turns against them, and the spectacle unsettles everyone who watches.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξησθένησανgrew weakVAI AAI3P · ἀσθενέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀσθενέω + ἐκ: meaning 'grew weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσαιtonguesN1S NPF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongues'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐταράχθησανwere shakenVQI API3P · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω: meaning 'were shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱwhoRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεωροῦντεςsawV2 · παπνπμ θεωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ θεωρέω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
καὶ ἐφοβήθη πᾶς ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἀνήγγειλαν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὰ ποιήματα αὐτοῦ συνῆκαν
And every person feared, and they reported the works of God, and they understood his deeds.
The effect of judgment extends beyond the enemies: human observers fear, speak about God's action, and come to understanding.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφοβήθηfearedVCI API3S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφοβέω: meaning 'feared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςeveryA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνθρωποςpersonN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'person'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήγγειλανthey reportedVAI AAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'they reported'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιήματαdeedsN3M APN · ποίημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποίημα: meaning 'deeds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνῆκανunderstoodVAI AAI3P · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵημι + συν: meaning 'understood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
εὐφρανθήσεται δίκαιος ἐπὶ τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἐλπιεῖ ἐπ' αὐτόν καὶ ἐπαινεσθήσονται πάντες οἱ εὐθεῖς τῇ καρδίᾳ
The righteous will be glad in the Lord and will hope in him, and all the upright in heart will be praised.
The psalm ends by turning the public lesson into communal assurance: the righteous rejoice, trust, and stand publicly vindicated.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εὐφρανθήσεταιwill be gladVC FPI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'will be glad'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςthe righteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'the righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶinP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλπιεῖwill hopeVF2 FAI3S · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλπίζω: meaning 'will hope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'inP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαινεσθήσονταιwill be praisedVC FPI3P · αἰνέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰνέω + ἐπι: meaning 'will be praised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐθεῖςuprightA3U NPM · εὐθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθύς: meaning 'upright'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇinRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.