1
συνέσεως τῷ Ασαφ ἵνα τί ἀπώσω ὁ θεός εἰς τέλος ὠργίσθη ὁ θυμός σου ἐπὶ πρόβατα νομῆς σου
A contemplation of Asaph. Why, O God, did you cast us off to the end? Why was your anger kindled against the sheep of your pasture?
The psalm begins with a double why-question that interprets national ruin as a bewildering experience of divine rejection and anger against God's own flock.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
συνέσεωςcontemplationN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'contemplation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσαφAsaphN DSM · Ασαφadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑσαφ: meaning 'Asaph'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵναwhyC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'why'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'why'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπώσωdid you cast offVA AMI2S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'did you cast off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςthe endN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὠργίσθηwas kindledVSI API3S · ὀργίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀργίζω: meaning 'was kindled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμόςangerN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'anger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νομῆςpastureN1 GSF · νομήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνομή: meaning 'pasture'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
μνήσθητι τῆς συναγωγῆς σου ἧς ἐκτήσω ἀπ' ἀρχῆς ἐλυτρώσω ῥάβδον κληρονομίας σου ὄρος Σιων τοῦτο ὃ κατεσκήνωσας ἐν αὐτῷ
Remember your congregation, which you acquired from the beginning; you redeemed the rod of your inheritance, this mount Zion where you dwelt.
The prayer answers the sense of abandonment by rehearsing God's prior acts of choosing, redeeming, and dwelling with his people on Zion.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῆςcongregationN1 GSF · συναγωγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: meaning 'congregation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἧςwhichRR GSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκτήσωyou acquiredVAI AMI2S · κτάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτάομαι: meaning 'you acquired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχῆςthe beginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'the beginning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐλυτρώσωyou redeemedVAI AMI2S · λυτρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλυτρόω: meaning 'you redeemed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥάβδονrodN2 ASF · ῥάβδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥάβδος: meaning 'rod'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κληρονομίαςinheritanceN1A GSF · κληρονομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄροςmountN3E NSN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'mount'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΣιωνZionN GSF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃwhichRR NSN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατεσκήνωσαςyou dweltVAI AAI2S · σκηνόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκηνόω + κατα: meaning 'you dwelt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷitRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ἔπαρον τὰς χεῖράς σου ἐπὶ τὰς ὑπερηφανίας αὐτῶν εἰς τέλος ὅσα ἐπονηρεύσατο ὁ ἐχθρὸς ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις σου
Lift up your hands against their proud deeds forever, against all the evils the enemy committed in your holy place.
The speaker asks God to raise his hand at last and to take direct notice of the totality of the enemy's desecrating work in the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἔπαρονlift upVA AAD2S · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερηφανίαςproud deedsN1A GSF · ὑπερηφανίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑπερηφανία: meaning 'proud deeds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςthe endN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅσαall thatA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'all that'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπονηρεύσατοcommitted wickedlyVAI AMI3S · πονηρεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπονηρεύομαι: meaning 'committed wickedly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρὸςenemyN2 NSM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίοιςholy placesA1A DPM · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy places'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
καὶ ἐνεκαυχήσαντο οἱ μισοῦντές σε ἐν μέσῳ τῆς ἑορτῆς σου ἔθεντο τὰ σημεῖα αὐτῶν σημεῖα καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν
And those who hate you boasted in the midst of your feast; they set up their own signs as signs, and they did not understand.
The invaders are portrayed as exulting inside sacred space, replacing God's markers with their own and acting in blind arrogance.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεκαυχήσαντοboastedVAI AMI3P · καυχάομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαυχάομαι + ἐν: meaning 'boasted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισοῦντέςthose hatingV2 · παπνπμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ μισέω: meaning 'those hating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑορτῆςfeastN1 GSF · ἑορτήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἑορτή: meaning 'feast'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθεντοthey setVEI AMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'they set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημεῖαsignsN2N APN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'signs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σημεῖαsignsN2N APN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'signs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωσανthey understoodVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'they understood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
ὡς εἰς τὴν εἴσοδον ὑπεράνω
As if at the entrance above.
The line is compressed and difficult, serving as a jagged transition into the picture of men hacking their way into the sanctuary from above.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἴσοδονentranceN2 ASF · εἴσοδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἴσοδος: meaning 'entrance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπεράνωaboveD · ὑπεράνωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὑπεράνω: meaning 'above'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
6
ὡς ἐν δρυμῷ ξύλων ἀξίναις ἐξέκοψαν τὰς θύρας αὐτῆς ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐν πελέκει καὶ λαξευτηρίῳ κατέρραξαν αὐτήν
As in a forest of trees, with axes they cut down its doors all at once; with axe and carving tool they smashed it.
The sanctuary is treated like timber in a woodland, and the verse slows down over the brutal mechanics of breaking doors and panels apart.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δρυμῷforestN2 DSM · δρυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδρυμός: meaning 'forest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ξύλωνof treesN2N GPN · ξύλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationξύλον: meaning 'of trees'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀξίναιςwith axesN1 DPF · ἀξίνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀξίνη: meaning 'with axes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐξέκοψανthey cut downVAI AAI3P · κόπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκόπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'they cut down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorsN1A APF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'doors'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸsameRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'same'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πελέκειwith axeN3 DSM · πέλεκυςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπέλεκυς: meaning 'with axe'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαξευτηρίῳwith carving toolN2N DSN · λαξευτήριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαξευτήριον: meaning 'with carving tool'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατέρραξανthey smashedVAI AAI3P · ῥάσσω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥάσσω + κατα: meaning 'they smashed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
ἐνεπύρισαν ἐν πυρὶ τὸ ἁγιαστήριόν σου εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐβεβήλωσαν τὸ σκήνωμα τοῦ ὀνόματός σου
They burned your sanctuary with fire; to the ground they profaned the dwelling place of your name.
What began as invasion ends in total profanation, as the holy place and the name-bearing dwelling are burned and brought down.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνεπύρισανthey burnedVAI AAI3P · ἐμπυρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐμπυρίζω: meaning 'they burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πυρὶwith fireN3 DSN · πῦρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'with fire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγιαστήριόνsanctuaryN2N ASN · ἁγιαστήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁγιαστήριον: meaning 'sanctuary'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνgroundN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'ground'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐβεβήλωσανthey profanedVAI AAI3P · βεβηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβεβηλόω: meaning 'they profaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκήνωμαdwelling placeN3M ASN · σκήνωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκήνωμα: meaning 'dwelling place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματόςnameN3M GSN · ὄνομαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
εἶπαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν ἡ συγγένεια αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό δεῦτε καὶ κατακαύσωμεν πάσας τὰς ἑορτὰς τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς
They said in their heart, their whole brood together, Come, let us burn up all the feasts of God from the land.
The attack is shown to be deliberate and comprehensive: the enemy plans not merely damage but the erasure of Israel's gathered worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇin theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγγένειαbroodN1A NSF · συγγένειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυγγένεια: meaning 'brood'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτόsameRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'same'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δεῦτεcomeD · δεῦτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδεῦτε: meaning 'come'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακαύσωμενlet us burn upVA AAS1P · καίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκαίω + κατα: meaning 'let us burn up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑορτὰςfeastsN1 APF · ἑορτήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἑορτή: meaning 'feasts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςthe landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'the land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
τὰ σημεῖα ἡμῶν οὐκ εἴδομεν οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι προφήτης καὶ ἡμᾶς οὐ γνώσεται ἔτι
We have not seen our signs; there is no longer a prophet, and he will know us no more.
The lament shifts into first-person plural grief over the disappearance of sacred signs and prophetic guidance, leaving the people disoriented.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημεῖαsignsN2N APN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'signs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴδομενwe have seenVBI AAI1P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'we have seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσεταιwill knowVF FMI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'will know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
10
ἕως πότε ὁ θεός ὀνειδιεῖ ὁ ἐχθρός παροξυνεῖ ὁ ὑπεναντίος τὸ ὄνομά σου εἰς τέλος
How long, O God, will the enemy reproach? Will the adversary provoke your name to the end?
The community turns its pain into a direct question about duration, insisting that the enemy's contempt is ultimately aimed at God's own name.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πότεwhenX · πότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπότε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀνειδιεῖwill reproachVF2 FAI3S · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀνειδίζω: meaning 'will reproach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρόςἐχθρόςN2 NSM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παροξυνεῖprovokesV1 PAI3S · ὀξύνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὀξύνω + παρα: meaning 'provokes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπεναντίοςadversaryA1A NSM · ὑπεναντίοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπεναντίος: meaning 'adversary'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςthe endN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
ἵνα τί ἀποστρέφεις τὴν χεῖρά σου καὶ τὴν δεξιάν σου ἐκ μέσου τοῦ κόλπου σου εἰς τέλος
Why do you turn away your hand, even your right hand, from the midst of your bosom to the end?
The complaint becomes more intimate by picturing God's powerful hand as held back when decisive action is most needed.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἵναwhyC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'why'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'why'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποστρέφειςdo you turn awayV1 PAI2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'do you turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιάνright handA1A ASF · δεξιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSM · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόλπουbosomN2 GSM · κόλποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκόλπος: meaning 'bosom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςthe endN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
ὁ δὲ θεὸς βασιλεὺς ἡμῶν πρὸ αἰῶνος εἰργάσατο σωτηρίαν ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς
But God is our king from before the age; he worked salvation in the midst of the earth.
Against present helplessness the psalm asserts God's ancient kingship and his history of effecting public salvation in the world.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰῶνοςthe ageN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'the age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰργάσατοworkedVAI AMI3S · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐργάζομαι: meaning 'worked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σωτηρίανsalvationN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςthe landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'the land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
σὺ ἐκραταίωσας ἐν τῇ δυνάμει σου τὴν θάλασσαν σὺ συνέτριψας τὰς κεφαλὰς τῶν δρακόντων ἐπὶ τοῦ ὕδατος
You strengthened the sea by your power; you shattered the heads of the dragons upon the water.
The prayer remembers God as the one who mastered the sea itself and broke the many-headed powers associated with watery chaos.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκραταίωσαςyou strengthenedVAI AAI2S · κραταιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκραταιόω: meaning 'you strengthened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇin theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειpowerN3I DSF · δύναμιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: meaning 'power'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνέτριψαςyou shatteredVAI AAI2S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + συν: meaning 'you shattered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὰςheadsN1 APF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'heads'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δρακόντωνdragonsN3 GPM · δράκωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδράκων: meaning 'dragons'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
σὺ συνέθλασας τὰς κεφαλὰς τοῦ δράκοντος ἔδωκας αὐτὸν βρῶμα λαοῖς τοῖς Αἰθίοψιν
You crushed the heads of the dragon; you gave him as food to the Ethiopian peoples.
The dragon image is intensified, and its defeat is made humiliatingly complete by becoming food for distant peoples.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνέθλασαςyou crushedVAI AAI2S · θλάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθλάω + συν: meaning 'you crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὰςheadsN1 APF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'heads'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δράκοντοςdragonN3 GSM · δράκωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδράκων: meaning 'dragon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔδωκαςyou gaveVAI AAI2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'you gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βρῶμαfoodN3M ASN · βρῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβρῶμα: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαοῖςto peoplesN2 DPM · λαόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'to peoples'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑἰθίοψινEthiopiansN3P DPM · Αἰθίοψdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceΑἰθίοψιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
15
σὺ διέρρηξας πηγὰς καὶ χειμάρρους σὺ ἐξήρανας ποταμοὺς Ηθαμ
You split springs and torrents; you dried up the rivers of Etham.
The same divine power that defeats chaos also opens and closes watercourses at will, proving mastery over the land's sustaining waters.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διέρρηξαςyou splitVAI AAI2S · ῥήγνυμι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥήγνυμι + δια: meaning 'you split'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πηγὰςspringsN1 APF · πηγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπηγή: meaning 'springs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χειμάρρουςtorrentsN2 APM · χειμάρρουςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχειμάρρους: meaning 'torrents'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξήραναςyou dried upVAI AAI2S · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristξηραίνω: meaning 'you dried up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποταμοὺςriversN2 APM · ποταμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποταμός: meaning 'rivers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
Ηθαμof EthamN GS · Ηθαμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΗθαμ: meaning 'of Etham'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
16
σή ἐστιν ἡ ἡμέρα καὶ σή ἐστιν ἡ νύξ σὺ κατηρτίσω φαῦσιν καὶ ἥλιον
Yours is the day, and yours is the night; you prepared light and sun.
God's rule extends beyond Israel's history to the ordered structure of time itself, with day, night, light, and sun belonging to him.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
σήyoursA1 NSF · σόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσός: meaning 'yours'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σήyoursA1 NSF · σόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσός: meaning 'yours'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νύξnightN3 NSF · νύξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατηρτίσωyou preparedVAI AMI2S · ἀρτίζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀρτίζω + κατα: meaning 'you prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φαῦσινlightN3I ASF · φαῦσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφαῦσις: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥλιονsunN2 ASM · ἥλιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
17
σὺ ἐποίησας πάντα τὰ ὅρια τῆς γῆς θέρος καὶ ἔαρ σὺ ἔπλασας αὐτά
You made all the boundaries of the earth; summer and spring, you formed them.
The memory sequence concludes by naming God as the maker of the world's limits and the shaper of its recurring seasons.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησαςyou madeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'you made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαboundariesN2N APN · ὅριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'boundaries'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςthe landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'the land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θέροςsummerN3E ASN · θέροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθέρος: meaning 'summer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔαρspringN3 ASN · ἔαρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔαρ: meaning 'spring'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔπλασαςyou formedVAI AAI2S · πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπλάσσω: meaning 'you formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
μνήσθητι ταύτης ἐχθρὸς ὠνείδισεν τὸν κύριον καὶ λαὸς ἄφρων παρώξυνεν τὸ ὄνομά σου
Remember this: an enemy reproached the Lord, and a foolish people provoked your name.
After rehearsing God's mighty acts, the psalm returns to petition and urges him to treat the insults offered against his name as actionable.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐχθρὸςenemyN2 NSM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὠνείδισενreproachedVAI AAI3S · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproached'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄφρωνfoolishA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρώξυνενprovokedVAI AAI3S · ὀξύνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀξύνω + παρα: meaning 'provoked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
μὴ παραδῷς τοῖς θηρίοις ψυχὴν ἐξομολογουμένην σοι τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν πενήτων σου μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ εἰς τέλος
Do not hand over to the beasts a soul that confesses to you; do not forget forever the souls of your poor.
The poor worshiping community is described both as confessing God and as vulnerable prey, which sharpens the plea for preservation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδῷςhand overVO AAS2S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςto theRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θηρίοιςbeastsN2N DPN · θηρίονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθηρίον: meaning 'beasts'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξομολογουμένηνconfessingV2 · πμπασφ ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ ὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'confessing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῶνsoulsN1 GPF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'souls'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενήτωνpoorN3T GPM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'poor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθῃforgetVB AAS3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςthe endN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
ἐπίβλεψον εἰς τὴν διαθήκην σου ὅτι ἐπληρώθησαν οἱ ἐσκοτισμένοι τῆς γῆς οἴκων ἀνομιῶν
Look upon your covenant, because the darkened places of the land have been filled with houses of lawlessness.
The request is grounded in covenant obligation and in a landscape now saturated with dark violence and lawless strongholds.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐπίβλεψονlook uponVA AAD2S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'look upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπληρώθησανhave been filledVCI API3P · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληρόω: meaning 'have been filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσκοτισμένοιdarkenedVM · χππνπμ σκοτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπμ σκοτίζω: meaning 'darkened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςthe landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'the land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἴκωνhousesN2 GPM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνομιῶνof lawlessnessN1A GPF · ἀνομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνομία: meaning 'of lawlessness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
21
μὴ ἀποστραφήτω τεταπεινωμένος κατῃσχυμμένος πτωχὸς καὶ πένης αἰνέσουσιν τὸ ὄνομά σου
Let not the humbled and shamed man be turned away; the poor and needy will praise your name.
The verse balances prohibition and hope, asking that the oppressed not leave disgraced while anticipating praise from the poor themselves.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστραφήτωlet ... be turned awayVD APD3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'let ... be turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τεταπεινωμένοςhumbledVM · χππνσμ ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ ταπεινόω: meaning 'humbled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατῃσχυμμένοςshamedVM · χππνσμ αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ αἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'shamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτωχὸςpoor manN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πένηςneedy manN3T NSM · πένηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπένης: meaning 'needy man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἰνέσουσινwill praiseVF FAI3P · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰνέω: meaning 'will praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
ἀνάστα ὁ θεός δίκασον τὴν δίκην σου μνήσθητι τῶν ὀνειδισμῶν σου τῶν ὑπὸ ἄφρονος ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν
Arise, O God; plead your cause; remember your reproaches from the fool all the day.
God is urged to rise as advocate in his own case, because the fool's insults against him have become a continual affront.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀνάσταariseVH AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'arise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίκασονpleadVA AAD2S · δικάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδικάζω: meaning 'plead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκηνcauseN1 ASF · δίκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκη: meaning 'cause'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνειδισμῶνreproachesN2 GPM · ὀνειδισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproaches'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπὸfromP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄφρονοςfoolA3N GSM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅληνallA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ τῆς φωνῆς τῶν ἱκετῶν σου ἡ ὑπερηφανία τῶν μισούντων σε ἀνέβη διὰ παντὸς πρὸς σέ
Do not forget the voice of your suppliants; the pride of those who hate you has gone up continually to you.
The psalm ends by contrasting the pleading voice of God's people with the ever-rising arrogance of his enemies and asking him not to overlook either.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθῃforgetVB AAS3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱκετῶνsuppliantsN1M GPM · ἱκετήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἱκετής: meaning 'suppliants'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερηφανίαprideN1A NSF · ὑπερηφανίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπερηφανία: meaning 'pride'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισούντωνof those hatingV2 · παπγπμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ μισέω: meaning 'of those hating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνέβηhas gone upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'has gone up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςall timeA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all time'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.