1
σοφία ταπεινοῦ ἀνυψώσει κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν μέσῳ μεγιστάνων καθίσει αὐτόν
The wisdom of the humble will lift up his head, and will seat him in the midst of great men.
The unit opens by affirming that humble wisdom, not social polish, is what truly elevates a person.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceσοφία / σοφός: wisdom in the practical and moral sense that discerns rightly beneath appearances.
ταπεινοῦof the humbleA1 GSM · ταπεινόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationταπεινός: lexical item rendered 'of the humble' in this chapter's repeated contrast between humble lack and divine elevation.
ἀνυψώσειwill raise upVF FAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἀνα: lexical item rendered 'will raise up' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκεφαλή: lexical item rendered 'head' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μέσῳthe midstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceμέσος: lexical item rendered 'the midst' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μεγιστάνωνof great menN3 GPM · μεγιστάνgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationμεγιστάν: lexical item rendered 'of great men' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καθίσειwill seatVF FAI3S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultκατα: lexical item rendered 'will seat' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
2
μὴ αἰνέσῃς ἄνδρα ἐν κάλλει αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ βδελύξῃ ἄνθρωπον ἐν ὁράσει αὐτοῦ
Do not praise a man for his beauty, and do not abhor a person for his appearance.
External appearance is not a reliable measure either for praise or contempt.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αἰνέσῃςpraiseVA AAS2S · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionαἰνέω: lexical item rendered 'praise' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἄνδραa manN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κάλλειbeautyN3E DSN · κάλλοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκάλλος: lexical item rendered 'beauty' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
βδελύξῃabhorVA AAS2S · βδελύσσωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionβδελύσσω: lexical item rendered 'abhor' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἄνθρωπονa manN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὁράσειappearanceN3I DSF · ὅρασιςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceὅρασις: lexical item rendered 'appearance' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
3
μικρὰ ἐν πετεινοῖς μέλισσα καὶ ἀρχὴ γλυκασμάτων ὁ καρπὸς αὐτῆς
Small among flying creatures is the bee, yet the beginning of sweet things is its fruit.
The bee becomes the chapter's first image: what appears small may produce what is sweetest.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μικρὰsmallA1A NSF · μικρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceμικρός: lexical item rendered 'small' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πετεινοῖςflying creaturesN2 DPN · πετεινόνdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceπετεινόν: lexical item rendered 'flying creatures' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μέλισσαbeeN1S NSF · μέλισσαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceμέλισσα: lexical item rendered 'bee' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἀρχὴbeginningN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἀρχή: lexical item rendered 'beginning' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
γλυκασμάτωνof sweet thingsN3M GPN · γλύκασμαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationγλύκασμα: lexical item rendered 'of sweet things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
καρπὸςfruitN2 NSM · καρπόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceκαρπός: lexical item rendered 'fruit' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'its' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
4
ἐν περιβολῇ ἱματίων μὴ καυχήσῃ καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ δόξης μὴ ἐπαίρου ὅτι θαυμαστὰ τὰ ἔργα κυρίου καὶ κρυπτὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἀνθρώποις
Do not boast in your clothing, and do not exalt yourself on the day of glory, for wonderful are the works of the Lord, and his works are hidden from men.
Clothing and visible glory are unstable grounds for boasting because the Lord's works exceed human display and remain partly hidden.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
περιβολῇclothingN1 DSF · περιβολήdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceπεριβολή: lexical item rendered 'clothing' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἱματίωνof garmentsN2N GPN · ἱμάτιονgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἱμάτιον: lexical item rendered 'of garments' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καυχήσῃboastVA AAS3S · καυχάομαιverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionκαυχάομαι: lexical item rendered 'boast' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
δόξηςof gloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationδόξα: lexical item rendered 'of glory' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐπαίρουbe lifted upV1 PMD2S · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductἐπι: lexical item rendered 'be lifted up' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὅτιforC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageὅτι: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
θαυμαστὰwonderfulA1 NPN · θαυμαστόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceθαυμαστός: lexical item rendered 'wonderful' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; the divine name-title emphasizing God's providential rule over elevation, wealth, adversity, and final recompense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
κρυπτὰhiddenA1 NPN · κρυπτόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceκρυπτός: lexical item rendered 'hidden' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀνθρώποιςfrom menN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'from men' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
5
πολλοὶ τύραννοι ἐκάθισαν ἐπὶ ἐδάφους ὁ δὲ ἀνυπονόητος ἐφόρεσεν διάδημα
Many tyrants have sat on the ground, while the unexpected man has worn a crown.
Political reversals show that public greatness is never secure.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τύραννοιtyrantsN2 NPM · τύραννοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceτύραννος: lexical item rendered 'tyrants' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐκάθισανsatVAI AAI3P · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeκατα: lexical item rendered 'sat' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐδάφουςthe groundN3E GSN · ἔδαφοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἔδαφος: lexical item rendered 'the ground' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
δὲbutX · δέlexical element contributing its local semantic role in the clause→ local semantic contributionδέ: lexical item rendered 'but' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀνυπονόητοςthe unexpected manA1B NSM · ἀνυπονόητοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἀνυπονόητος: lexical item rendered 'the unexpected man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐφόρεσενworeVAI AAI3S · φορέωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeφορέω: lexical item rendered 'wore' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
διάδημαa crownN3M ASN · διάδημαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalδιάδημα: lexical item rendered 'a crown' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
6
πολλοὶ δυνάσται ἠτιμάσθησαν σφόδρα καὶ ἔνδοξοι παρεδόθησαν εἰς χεῖρας ἑτέρων
Many rulers have been greatly dishonored, and glorious men have been handed over into the hands of others.
The same reversal principle applies to mighty rulers and famous men who can quickly lose honor and power.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
δυνάσταιrulersN1M NPM · δυνάστηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceδυνάστης: lexical item rendered 'rulers' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἠτιμάσθησανwere dishonoredVSI API3P · ἀτιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionἀτιμάζω: lexical item rendered 'were dishonored' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σφόδραgreatlyD · σφόδραadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionσφόδρα: lexical item rendered 'greatly' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἔνδοξοιglorious menA1B NPM · ἔνδοξοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἔνδοξος: lexical item rendered 'glorious men' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
παρεδόθησανwere handed overVCI API3P · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionπαρα: lexical item rendered 'were handed over' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hands' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἑτέρωνof othersA1A GPM · ἕτεροςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'of others' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
7
πρὶν ἐξετάσῃς μὴ μέμψῃ νόησον πρῶτον καὶ τότε ἐπιτίμα
Before you examine, do not blame; understand first, and then rebuke.
Judgment must wait for examination; discernment precedes rebuke.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionπρίν: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐξετάσῃςyou examineVA AAS2S · ἐτάζω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionἐκ: lexical item rendered 'you examine' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μέμψῃyou blameVA AMS2S · μέμφομαιverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionμέμφομαι: lexical item rendered 'you blame' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
νόησονunderstandVA AAD2S · νοέωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionνοέω: lexical item rendered 'understand' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πρῶτονfirstD · πρῶτονadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionπρῶτον: lexical item rendered 'first' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionτότε: lexical item rendered 'then' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐπιτίμαrebukeV3 PAD2S · τιμάω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductἐπι: lexical item rendered 'rebuke' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
8
πρὶν ἢ ἀκοῦσαι μὴ ἀποκρίνου καὶ ἐν μέσῳ λόγων μὴ παρεμβάλλου
Before you hear, do not answer, and in the midst of words do not interrupt.
Sirach extends that restraint to speech itself: hearing must come before answering.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionπρίν: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἢthanC · ἤcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageἤ: lexical item rendered 'than' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀκοῦσαιto hearVA AMD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionἀκούω: lexical item rendered 'to hear' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀποκρίνουanswerV1 PMD2S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductἀπο: lexical item rendered 'answer' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μέσῳthe midstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceμέσος: lexical item rendered 'the midst' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
λόγωνwordsN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationλόγος: lexical item rendered 'words' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
παρεμβάλλουinterruptV1 PMD2S · βάλλω + παρα + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductἐν: lexical item rendered 'interrupt' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
9
περὶ πράγματος οὗ οὐκ ἔστιν σοι χρεία μὴ ἔριζε καὶ ἐν κρίσει ἁμαρτωλῶν μὴ συνέδρευε
About a matter for which you have no need, do not quarrel, and in the judgment of sinners do not sit with them.
The hearer is warned away from needless disputes and compromised alliances in corrupt proceedings.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπερί: lexical item rendered 'about' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πράγματοςa matterN3M GSN · πρᾶγμαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπρᾶγμα: lexical item rendered 'a matter' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
οὗwhichRR GSN · ὅςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'there is' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σοιfor youRP DS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceσύ: lexical item rendered 'for you' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
χρείαneedN1A NSF · χρείαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceχρεία: lexical item rendered 'need' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἔριζεquarrelV1 PAD2S · ἐρίζωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductἐρίζω: lexical item rendered 'quarrel' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κρίσειthe judgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκρίσις: lexical item rendered 'the judgment' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἁμαρτωλῶνof sinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἁμαρτωλός: lexical item rendered 'of sinners' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
συνέδρευεsit withV1 PAD2S · ἑδρεύω + συνverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductσυν: lexical item rendered 'sit with' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
10
τέκνον μὴ περὶ πολλὰ ἔστωσαν αἱ πράξεις σου ἐὰν πληθύνῃς οὐκ ἀθῳωθήσῃ καὶ ἐὰν διώκῃς οὐ μὴ καταλάβῃς καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐκφύγῃς διαδράς
Child, let your activities not be in too many things; if you multiply them, you will not be acquitted, and if you pursue them, you will not overtake them, nor will you escape by running away.
Overextension in many pursuits leads not to mastery but to guilt, frustration, and exhaustion.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονlexical element contributing its local semantic role in the clause→ local semantic contributionτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'child' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπερί: lexical item rendered 'about' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πολλὰmanyA1 APN · πολύςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἔστωσανlet beV9 PAD3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'let be' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
πράξειςactivitiesN3I NPF · πρᾶξιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceπρᾶξις: lexical item rendered 'activities' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageἐάν: lexical item rendered 'if' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πληθύνῃςyou multiply themV1 PAS2S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionπληθύνω: lexical item rendered 'you multiply them' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀθῳωθήσῃyou will not be acquittedVA AMS2S · ἀθῳόωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionἀθῳόω: lexical item rendered 'you will not be acquitted' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageἐάν: lexical item rendered 'if' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
διώκῃςyou pursueV1 PAS2S · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionδιώκω: lexical item rendered 'you pursue' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καταλάβῃςyou will overtakeVB AAS2S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionκατα: lexical item rendered 'you will overtake' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐκφύγῃςyou will escapeVB AAS2S · φεύγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionἐκ: lexical item rendered 'you will escape' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
διαδράςby running awayVA · ααπνσμ διδράσκω + διαverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionδια: lexical item rendered 'by running away' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
11
ἔστιν κοπιῶν καὶ πονῶν καὶ σπεύδων καὶ τόσῳ μᾶλλον ὑστερεῖται
There is one laboring and toiling and hurrying, and so much the more he is left lacking.
One person strives frantically and still comes up short, exposing the limits of sheer effort.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'there is' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κοπιῶνone laboringV3 · παπνσμ κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionκοπιάω: lexical item rendered 'one laboring' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
πονῶνtoilingV2 · παπνσμ πονέωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionπονέω: lexical item rendered 'toiling' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
σπεύδωνhasteningV1 · παπνσμ σπεύδωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionσπεύδω: lexical item rendered 'hastening' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
τόσῳso much the moreA1 DSM · τόσοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceτόσος: lexical item rendered 'so much the more' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μᾶλλονmoreD · μᾶλλονadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionμᾶλλον: lexical item rendered 'more' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὑστερεῖταιhe is left lackingV2 PMI3S · ὑστερέωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionὑστερέω: lexical item rendered 'he is left lacking' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
12
ἔστιν νωθρὸς προσδεόμενος ἀντιλήμψεως ὑστερῶν ἰσχύι καὶ πτωχείᾳ περισσεύει καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου ἐπέβλεψαν αὐτῷ εἰς ἀγαθά καὶ ἀνώρθωσεν αὐτὸν ἐκ ταπεινώσεως αὐτοῦ
There is one sluggish, needing help, lacking strength, and abounding in poverty; yet the eyes of the Lord looked upon him for good and raised him from his humiliation.
By contrast, the weak and needy person may be lifted by the Lord's gracious regard.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'there is' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
νωθρὸςsluggishA1A NSM · νωθρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceνωθρός: lexical item rendered 'sluggish' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
προσδεόμενοςneedingV2 · πμπνσμ δέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionπρος: lexical item rendered 'needing' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀντιλήμψεωςhelpN3I GSF · ἀντίληψιςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀντίληψις: lexical item rendered 'help' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὑστερῶνlackingV2 · παπνσμ ὑστερέωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionὑστερέω: lexical item rendered 'lacking' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἰσχύιin strengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἰσχύς: lexical item rendered 'in strength' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
πτωχείᾳin povertyN1A DSF · πτωχείαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceπτωχεία: lexical item rendered 'in poverty' in this chapter's repeated contrast between humble lack and divine elevation.
περισσεύειaboundsV1 PAI3S · περισσεύωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionπερισσεύω: lexical item rendered 'abounds' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'eyes' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; the divine name-title emphasizing God's providential rule over elevation, wealth, adversity, and final recompense.
ἐπέβλεψανlooked uponVAI AAI3P · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἐπι: lexical item rendered 'looked upon' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀγαθάgood thingsA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἀνώρθωσενraised upVAI AAI3S · ὀρθόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἀνα: lexical item rendered 'raised up' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐκ: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ταπεινώσεωςhumiliationN3I GSF · ταπείνωσιςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationταπείνωσις: lexical item rendered 'humiliation' in this chapter's repeated contrast between humble lack and divine elevation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
13
καὶ ἀνύψωσεν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπεθαύμασαν ἐπ' αὐτῷ πολλοί
And he lifted up his head, and many marveled at him.
The divine reversal becomes public: the humbled person is raised in a way that amazes others.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἀνύψωσενraisedVAI AAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἀνα: lexical item rendered 'raised' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκεφαλή: lexical item rendered 'head' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἀπεθαύμασανmarveledVAI AAI3P · θαυμάζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἀπο: lexical item rendered 'marveled' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐπ'atP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'at' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πολλοίmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
14
ἀγαθὰ καὶ κακά ζωὴ καὶ θάνατος πτωχεία καὶ πλοῦτος παρὰ κυρίου ἐστίν
Good things and evil things, life and death, poverty and wealth are from the Lord.
The unit states plainly that the great opposites of life are under the Lord's sovereign disposal.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 NPN · ἀγαθόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
κακάevil thingsA1 NPN · κακόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceκακός: lexical item rendered 'evil things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ζωὴlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceζωή: lexical item rendered 'life' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceθάνατος: lexical item rendered 'death' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πτωχείαpovertyN1A NSF · πτωχείαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceπτωχεία: lexical item rendered 'poverty' in this chapter's repeated contrast between humble lack and divine elevation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceπλοῦτος: lexical item rendered 'wealth' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπαρά: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; the divine name-title emphasizing God's providential rule over elevation, wealth, adversity, and final recompense.
ἐστίνisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'is' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
17
δόσις κυρίου παραμένει εὐσεβέσιν καὶ ἡ εὐδοκία αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα εὐοδωθήσεται
The gift of the Lord remains with the godly, and his favor will prosper forever.
The Lord's enduring gift and favor toward the godly outlast transient human calculations.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
δόσιςgiftN3I NSF · δόσιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceδόσις: lexical item rendered 'gift' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; the divine name-title emphasizing God's providential rule over elevation, wealth, adversity, and final recompense.
παραμένειremainsV1 PAI3S · μένω + παραverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionπαρα: lexical item rendered 'remains' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εὐσεβέσινfor the godlyA3H DPM · εὐσεβήςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceεὐσεβής: lexical item rendered 'for the godly' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
εὐδοκίαgood pleasureN1A NSF · εὐδοκίαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceεὐδοκία: lexical item rendered 'good pleasure' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalαἰών: lexical item rendered 'age' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εὐοδωθήσεταιwill prosperVC FPI3S · εὐοδόωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionεὐοδόω: lexical item rendered 'will prosper' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
18
ἔστιν πλουτῶν ἀπὸ προσοχῆς καὶ σφιγγίας αὐτοῦ καὶ αὕτη ἡ μερὶς τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ
There is one growing rich through carefulness and stinginess, and this is the portion of his reward:
Not every rich person is blessed; some wealth is gathered through anxious thrift and constriction.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'there is' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πλουτῶνgetting richV2 · παπνσμ πλουτέωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionπλουτέω: lexical item rendered 'getting rich' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
προσοχῆςcarefulnessN1 GSF · προσοχήgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπροσοχή: lexical item rendered 'carefulness' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
σφιγγίαςstinginessN1A GSF · σφιγγίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσφιγγία: lexical item rendered 'stinginess' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceμερίς: lexical item rendered 'portion' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
μισθοῦwageN2 GSM · μισθόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationμισθός: lexical item rendered 'wage' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
19
ἐν τῷ εἰπεῖν αὐτόν εὗρον ἀνάπαυσιν καὶ νῦν φάγομαι ἐκ τῶν ἀγαθῶν μου καὶ οὐκ οἶδεν τίς καιρὸς παρελεύσεται καὶ καταλείψει αὐτὰ ἑτέροις καὶ ἀποθανεῖται
when he says, “I have found rest, and now I will eat from my good things,” he does not know what time will pass, and he will leave them to others and die.
The self-satisfied rich man mistakes temporary security for permanence and cannot see the nearness of death.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
εἰπεῖνsayingVB AAN · εἶπονinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in a dependent construction→ verbal abstraction within the argumentεἶπον: lexical item rendered 'saying' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εὗρονI foundVB AAI1S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeεὑρίσκω: lexical item rendered 'I found' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀνάπαυσινrestN3I ASF · ἀνάπαυσιςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἀνάπαυσις: lexical item rendered 'rest' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionνῦν: lexical item rendered 'now' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
φάγομαιI will eatVF FMI1S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἐσθίω: lexical item rendered 'I will eat' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐκ: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τῶνfrom theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἀγαθῶνof good thingsA1 GPN · ἀγαθόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'of good things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionοἶδα: lexical item rendered 'knows' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τίςwhatRI NSM · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καιρὸςtimeN2 NSM · καιρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
παρελεύσεταιwill passVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultπαρα: lexical item rendered 'will pass' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
καταλείψειhe will leaveVF FAI3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultκατα: lexical item rendered 'he will leave' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτὰthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'them' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἑτέροιςto othersA1A DPM · ἕτεροςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'to others' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἀποθανεῖταιhe will dieVF2 FMI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἀπο: lexical item rendered 'he will die' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
20
στῆθι ἐν διαθήκῃ σου καὶ ὁμίλει ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ σου παλαιώθητι
Stand in your covenant and be occupied in it, and grow old in your work.
The hearer is told to remain steadily within his calling and covenant rather than chasing unstable gain.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
στῆθιstandVH AAD2S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionἵστημι: lexical item rendered 'stand' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
διαθήκῃcovenantN1 DSF · διαθήκηdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceδιαθήκη: lexical item rendered 'covenant' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ὁμίλειbe occupiedV2 PAD2S · ὁμιλέωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductὁμιλέω: lexical item rendered 'be occupied' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτῇin itRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'in it' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔργῳworkN2N DSN · ἔργονdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἔργον: lexical item rendered 'work' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
παλαιώθητιgrow oldVC APD2S · παλαιόωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionπαλαιόω: lexical item rendered 'grow old' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
21
μὴ θαύμαζε ἐν ἔργοις ἁμαρτωλοῦ πίστευε δὲ κυρίῳ καὶ ἔμμενε τῷ πόνῳ σου ὅτι κοῦφον ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς κυρίου διὰ τάχους ἐξάπινα πλουτίσαι πένητα
Do not marvel at the works of a sinner, but trust in the Lord and remain in your labor; for it is easy in the eyes of the Lord to enrich a poor man quickly and suddenly.
The apparent success of sinners should not unsettle faithful labor, because the Lord can reverse conditions suddenly.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
θαύμαζεmarvelV1 PAD2S · θαυμάζωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductθαυμάζω: lexical item rendered 'marvel' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἁμαρτωλοῦof a sinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἁμαρτωλός: lexical item rendered 'of a sinner' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πίστευεtrustV1 PAD2S · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductπιστεύω: lexical item rendered 'trust' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
δὲbutX · δέlexical element contributing its local semantic role in the clause→ local semantic contributionδέ: lexical item rendered 'but' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κυρίῳin the LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκύριος: “Lord”; the divine name-title emphasizing God's providential rule over elevation, wealth, adversity, and final recompense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἔμμενεremainV1 PAD2S · μένω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductἐν: lexical item rendered 'remain' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
πόνῳlaborN2 DSM · πόνοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceπόνος: lexical item rendered 'labor' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὅτιforC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageὅτι: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κοῦφονeasyA1 NSN · κοῦφοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceκοῦφος: lexical item rendered 'easy' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὀφθαλμοῖςin the eyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'in the eyes' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; the divine name-title emphasizing God's providential rule over elevation, wealth, adversity, and final recompense.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingδιά: lexical item rendered 'through' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τάχουςspeedN3E GSN · τάχοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationτάχος: lexical item rendered 'speed' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐξάπιναsuddenlyD · ἐξάπιναadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionἐξάπινα: lexical item rendered 'suddenly' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πλουτίσαιto enrichVA AAN · πλουτίζωinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in a dependent construction→ verbal abstraction within the argumentπλουτίζω: lexical item rendered 'to enrich' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πένηταa poor manN3T ASM · πένηςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπένης: lexical item rendered 'a poor man' in this chapter's repeated contrast between humble lack and divine elevation.
22
εὐλογία κυρίου ἐν μισθῷ εὐσεβοῦς καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ταχινῇ ἀναθάλλει εὐλογίαν αὐτοῦ
The blessing of the Lord is in the reward of the godly, and in a swift hour he causes his blessing to blossom.
Divine blessing can blossom with surprising speed when God chooses to act for the godly.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εὐλογίαblessingN1A NSF · εὐλογίαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceεὐλογία: lexical item rendered 'blessing' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; the divine name-title emphasizing God's providential rule over elevation, wealth, adversity, and final recompense.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μισθῷrewardN2 DSM · μισθόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceμισθός: lexical item rendered 'reward' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εὐσεβοῦςof the godlyA3H GSM · εὐσεβήςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationεὐσεβής: lexical item rendered 'of the godly' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὥρᾳhourN1A DSF · ὥραdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceὥρα: lexical item rendered 'hour' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ταχινῇswiftA1 DSF · ταχινόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceταχινός: lexical item rendered 'swift' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀναθάλλειcauses to blossomV1 PAI3S · θάλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἀνα: lexical item rendered 'causes to blossom' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εὐλογίανblessingN1A ASF · εὐλογίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalεὐλογία: lexical item rendered 'blessing' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
23
μὴ εἴπῃς τίς ἐστίν μου χρεία καὶ τίνα ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν ἔσται μου τὰ ἀγαθά
Do not say, “What is my need, and what good things will now be mine?”
Sirach forbids self-congratulating speech that assumes the future is now secured.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἴπῃςsayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionεἶπον: lexical item rendered 'say' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τίςwhatRI NSF · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐστίνisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'is' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
χρείαneedN1A NSF · χρείαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceχρεία: lexical item rendered 'need' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
τίναwhat sort ofRI NPN · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what sort of' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionνῦν: lexical item rendered 'now' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'will be' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἀγαθάgood thingsA1 NPN · ἀγαθόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
24
μὴ εἴπῃς αὐτάρκη μοί ἐστιν καὶ τί ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν κακωθήσομαι
Do not say, “I am self-sufficient, and what evil shall now happen to me?”
Self-sufficiency is another form of presumption, blind to the possibility of coming trouble.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἴπῃςsayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionεἶπον: lexical item rendered 'say' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτάρκηself-sufficientA3H NPN · αὐτάρκηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceαὐτάρκης: lexical item rendered 'self-sufficient' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μοίto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'to me' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'is' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionνῦν: lexical item rendered 'now' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κακωθήσομαιwill I suffer evilVC FPI1S · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionκακόω: lexical item rendered 'will I suffer evil' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
25
ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἀγαθῶν ἀμνησία κακῶν καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κακῶν οὐ μνησθήσεται ἀγαθῶν
In a day of good things there is forgetfulness of evils, and in a day of evils one will not remember good things.
Human perception swings with circumstance, forgetting past sorrow in prosperity and past good in adversity.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀγαθῶνof good thingsA1 GPN · ἀγαθόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'of good things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀμνησίαforgetfulnessN1A NSF · ἀμνησίαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἀμνησία: lexical item rendered 'forgetfulness' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κακῶνof evilsA1 GPN · κακόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκακός: lexical item rendered 'of evils' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κακῶνof evilsA1 GPN · κακόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκακός: lexical item rendered 'of evils' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μνησθήσεταιwill rememberVS FPI3S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionμιμνήσκω: lexical item rendered 'will remember' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀγαθῶνof good thingsA1 GPN · ἀγαθόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'of good things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
26
ὅτι κοῦφον ἔναντι κυρίου ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τελευτῆς ἀποδοῦναι ἀνθρώπῳ κατὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ
For it is easy before the Lord in the day of death to repay a man according to his ways.
The final measure of a life lies with the Lord, who repays according to one's ways at death.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageὅτι: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κοῦφονeasyA1 NSN · κοῦφοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceκοῦφος: lexical item rendered 'easy' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἔναντι: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; the divine name-title emphasizing God's providential rule over elevation, wealth, adversity, and final recompense.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τελευτῆςdeathN1 GSF · τελευτήgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationτελευτή: lexical item rendered 'death' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀποδοῦναιto repayVO AAN · δίδωμι + ἀποinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in a dependent construction→ verbal abstraction within the argumentἀπο: lexical item rendered 'to repay' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingκατά: lexical item rendered 'according to' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁδός: lexical item rendered 'ways' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
27
κάκωσις ὥρας ἐπιλησμονὴν ποιεῖ τρυφῆς καὶ ἐν συντελείᾳ ἀνθρώπου ἀποκάλυψις ἔργων αὐτοῦ
The distress of an hour makes one forget luxury, and at the end of a man there is disclosure of his works.
A final affliction can expose the real state of a person and strip away the memory of pleasure.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κάκωσιςdistressN3I NSF · κάκωσιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceκάκωσις: lexical item rendered 'distress' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὥραςof an hourN1A GSF · ὥραgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὥρα: lexical item rendered 'of an hour' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐπιλησμονὴνforgetfulnessN1 NSF · ἐπιλησμονήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἐπιλησμονή: lexical item rendered 'forgetfulness' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ποιεῖmakesV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionποιέω: lexical item rendered 'makes' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τρυφῆςof luxuryN1 GSF · τρυφήgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationτρυφή: lexical item rendered 'of luxury' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
συντελείᾳthe endN1A DSF · συντέλειαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceσυντέλεια: lexical item rendered 'the end' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀποκάλυψιςdisclosureN3I NSF · ἀποκάλυψιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἀποκάλυψις: lexical item rendered 'disclosure' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἔργωνof worksN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἔργον: lexical item rendered 'of works' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
28
πρὸ τελευτῆς μὴ μακάριζε μηδένα καὶ ἐν τέκνοις αὐτοῦ γνωσθήσεται ἀνήρ
Before death call no one blessed, and a man will be known in his children.
No life should be pronounced blessed before its end, since a person's outcome is only fully seen in what follows him.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπρό: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τελευτῆςdeathN1 GSF · τελευτήgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationτελευτή: lexical item rendered 'death' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μακάριζεcall blessedV1 PAD2S · μακαρίζωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductμακαρίζω: lexical item rendered 'call blessed' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μηδέναno oneA3 ASM · μηδείςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalμηδείς: lexical item rendered 'no one' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τέκνοιςchildrenN2N DPN · τέκνονdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'children' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
γνωσθήσεταιwill be knownVS FPI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionγιγνώσκω: lexical item rendered 'will be known' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀνήρa manN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
29
μὴ πάντα ἄνθρωπον εἴσαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου πολλὰ γὰρ τὰ ἔνεδρα τοῦ δολίου
Do not bring every person into your house, for many are the traps of the deceitful man.
The closing movement shifts to household prudence: not every guest should be admitted without discernment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πάνταeveryA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἄνθρωπονa manN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἴσαγεbring inV1 PAD2S · ἄγω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductεἰς: lexical item rendered 'bring in' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
οἶκόνhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πολλὰmanyA1 NPN · πολύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
γὰρforX · γάρlexical element contributing its local semantic role in the clause→ local semantic contributionγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔνεδραambushesN2N NPN · ἔνεδρονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἔνεδρον: lexical item rendered 'ambushes' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
δολίουof the deceitfulA1A GSM · δόλιοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationδόλιος: lexical item rendered 'of the deceitful' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
30
πέρδιξ θηρευτὴς ἐν καρτάλλῳ οὕτως καρδία ὑπερηφάνου καὶ ὡς ὁ κατάσκοπος ἐπιβλέπει πτῶσιν
Like a decoy partridge in a cage, so is the heart of a proud man, and like a spy he watches for a fall.
The proud and deceitful heart is compared to a trapping bird and a spy, always watching for another's collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πέρδιξpartridgeN3K NSF · πέρδιξnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceπέρδιξ: lexical item rendered 'partridge' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
θηρευτὴςdecoy-hunterN1M NSM · θηρευτήςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceθηρευτής: lexical item rendered 'decoy-hunter' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καρτάλλῳin a cageN2 DSM · κάρταλλοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκάρταλλος: lexical item rendered 'in a cage' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial or discourse particle modifying the statement→ local semantic contributionοὕτως: lexical item rendered 'so' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'heart' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὑπερηφάνουof a proud manA1B GSM · ὑπερήφανοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὑπερήφανος: lexical item rendered 'of a proud man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
κατάσκοποςspyN2 NSM · κατάσκοποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceκατάσκοπος: lexical item rendered 'spy' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐπιβλέπειwatchesV1 PAI3S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἐπι: lexical item rendered 'watches' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πτῶσινa fallN3I ASF · πτῶσιςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπτῶσις: lexical item rendered 'a fall' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
31
τὰ γὰρ ἀγαθὰ εἰς κακὰ μεταστρέφων ἐνεδρεύει καὶ ἐν τοῖς αἱρετοῖς ἐπιθήσει μῶμον
For turning good things into evils, he lies in wait, and upon chosen things he will place blame.
Such a person twists good into evil and stains even what is worthy.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
γὰρforX · γάρlexical element contributing its local semantic role in the clause→ local semantic contributionγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κακὰevilsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκακός: lexical item rendered 'evils' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μεταστρέφωνturningV1 · παπνσμ στρέφω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionμετα: lexical item rendered 'turning' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνεδρεύειlies in waitV1 PAI3S · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἐνεδρεύω: lexical item rendered 'lies in wait' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
αἱρετοῖςchosen thingsA1 DPN · αἱρετόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceαἱρετός: lexical item rendered 'chosen things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐπιθήσειhe will placeVF FAI3S · τίθημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἐπι: lexical item rendered 'he will place' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μῶμονblameN2 ASM · μῶμοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalμῶμος: lexical item rendered 'blame' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
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ἀπὸ σπινθῆρος πυρὸς πληθύνεται ἀνθρακιά καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτωλὸς εἰς αἷμα ἐνεδρεύει
From a spark of fire a heap of coals is multiplied, and a sinful man lies in wait for blood.
Small beginnings can become deadly danger; the sinner nurses violence until it breaks out.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σπινθῆροςa sparkN3 GSM · σπινθήρgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσπινθήρ: lexical item rendered 'a spark' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πυρὸςof fireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπῦρ: lexical item rendered 'of fire' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πληθύνεταιis multipliedV1 PMI3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionπληθύνω: lexical item rendered 'is multiplied' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀνθρακιάa heap of coalsN1A NSF · ἀνθρακιάnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἀνθρακιά: lexical item rendered 'a heap of coals' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἄνθρωποςmanN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἁμαρτωλὸςa sinful manA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or heading element→ participant or predicate prominenceἁμαρτωλός: lexical item rendered 'a sinful man' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalαἷμα: lexical item rendered 'blood' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνεδρεύειlies in waitV1 PAI3S · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἐνεδρεύω: lexical item rendered 'lies in wait' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
33
πρόσεχε ἀπὸ κακούργου πονηρὰ γὰρ τεκταίνει μήποτε μῶμον εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα δῷ σοι
Beware of an evildoer, for he devises evil things, lest he place an everlasting blot upon you.
The hearer must stay alert around the evildoer because his schemes can leave a lasting scar.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πρόσεχεbewareV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductπρος: lexical item rendered 'beware' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
κακούργουof an evildoerA1B GSM · κακοῦργοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκακοῦργος: lexical item rendered 'of an evildoer' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
πονηρὰevil thingsA1A APN · πονηρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπονηρός: lexical item rendered 'evil things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
γὰρforX · γάρlexical element contributing its local semantic role in the clause→ local semantic contributionγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τεκταίνειhe devisesV1 PAI3S · τεκταίνωverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionτεκταίνω: lexical item rendered 'he devises' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μήποτεlestD · μήποτεnegative or qualifying particle shaping the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμήποτε: lexical item rendered 'lest' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
μῶμονblameN2 ASM · μῶμοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalμῶμος: lexical item rendered 'blame' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalαἰών: lexical item rendered 'age' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
δῷhe giveVO AAS3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ local semantic contributionδίδωμι: lexical item rendered 'he give' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σοιfor youRP DS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceσύ: lexical item rendered 'for you' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
34
ἐνοίκισον ἀλλότριον καὶ διαστρέψει σε ἐν ταραχαῖς καὶ ἀπαλλοτριώσει σε τῶν ἰδίων σου
Lodge a stranger in your house, and he will turn you aside with troubles and estrange you from your own people.
The final warning shows how an undiscerning welcome can bring internal disorder and estrange a person from his own household and kin.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνοίκισονlodgeVA AAD2S · οἰκίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionἐν: lexical item rendered 'lodge' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἀλλότριονa strangerA1A ASM · ἀλλότριοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἀλλότριος: lexical item rendered 'a stranger' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
διαστρέψειhe will turn you asideVF FAI3S · στρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultδια: lexical item rendered 'he will turn you aside' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ object focus or directional goalσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'among' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
ταραχαῖςwith troublesN1 DPF · ταραχήdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceταραχή: lexical item rendered 'with troubles' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or listed items→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's chains of warnings, contrasts, and observations.
ἀπαλλοτριώσειhe will estrangeVF FAI3S · ἀλλοτριόω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, command, or assertion of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἀπο: lexical item rendered 'he will estrange' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ object focus or directional goalσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
τῶνfrom theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἰδίωνown thingsA1A GPM · ἴδιοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἴδιος: lexical item rendered 'own things' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's argument about appearance, providence, wealth, and hidden wickedness.