1
μακάριος ἀνήρ ὃς οὐκ ὠλίσθησεν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐ κατενύγη ἐν λύπῃ ἁμαρτιῶν
Blessed is the man who has not slipped with his mouth and has not been pierced with the sorrow of sins.
Opens with a beatitude that ties blessedness to restrained speech and freedom from the inward sting of guilty sorrow.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceμακάριος: lexical item rendered 'blessed' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀνήρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'man' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceὅς: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὠλίσθησενslippedVAI AAI3S · ὀλισθαίνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeὀλισθαίνω: lexical item rendered 'slipped' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceστόμα: lexical item rendered 'mouth' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
κατενύγηwas piercedVDI API3S · νύσσω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionκατα: lexical item rendered 'was pierced' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
λύπῃsorrowN1 DSF · λύπηdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceλύπη: lexical item rendered 'sorrow' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἁμαρτιῶνof sinsN1A GPF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἁμαρτία: lexical item rendered 'of sins' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
2
μακάριος οὗ οὐ κατέγνω ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ ὃς οὐκ ἔπεσεν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐλπίδος αὐτοῦ
Blessed is he whose soul has not condemned him, and who has not fallen away from his hope.
A clear conscience and persevering hope complete the portrait of the blessed person.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceμακάριος: lexical item rendered 'blessed' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὗwhoseRR GSM · ὅςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationὅς: lexical item rendered 'whose' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
κατέγνωcondemnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeκατα: lexical item rendered 'condemned' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceψυχή: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceὅς: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἔπεσενfellVAI AAI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeπίπτω: lexical item rendered 'fell' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἐλπίδοςhopeN3D GSF · ἐλπίςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐλπίς: lexical item rendered 'hope' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
3
ἀνδρὶ μικρολόγῳ οὐ καλὸς ὁ πλοῦτος καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ βασκάνῳ ἵνα τί χρήματα
For a petty-minded man wealth is not good, and for an envious person why is money needed?
The first target is the petty and envious miser, for whom wealth cannot become a true good.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀνδρὶfor a manN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'for a man' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
μικρολόγῳpetty-mindedA1B DSM · μικρολόγοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceμικρολόγος: lexical item rendered 'petty-minded' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καλὸςgoodA1 NSM · καλόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκαλός: lexical item rendered 'good' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπλοῦτος: lexical item rendered 'wealth' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἀνθρώπῳfor a personN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'for a person' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
βασκάνῳenviousA1B DSM · βάσκανοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceβάσκανος: lexical item rendered 'envious' in this chapter's critique of the envious, evil-eyed miser.
ἵναwhyC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageἵνα: lexical item rendered 'why' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
χρήματαmoneyN3M NPN · χρῆμαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceχρῆμα: lexical item rendered 'money' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
4
ὁ συνάγων ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ συνάγει ἄλλοις καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς αὐτοῦ τρυφήσουσιν ἕτεροι
The one who gathers by depriving his own soul gathers for others, and others will revel in his good things.
Hoarded wealth finally serves others rather than the one who starves himself to gather it.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
συνάγωνgatheringV1 · παπνσμ ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionσυν: lexical item rendered 'gathering' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ψυχῆςsoulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationψυχή: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
συνάγειgathersV1 PAI3S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionσυν: lexical item rendered 'gathers' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἄλλοιςfor othersRD DPM · ἄλλοςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ sphere or instrument referenceἄλλος: lexical item rendered 'for others' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἀγαθοῖςgood thingsA1 DPN · ἀγαθόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good things' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τρυφήσουσινwill revelVF FAI3S · τρυφάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultτρυφάω: lexical item rendered 'will revel' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἕτεροιothersA1A NPM · ἕτεροςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'others' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
5
ὁ πονηρὸς ἑαυτῷ τίνι ἀγαθὸς ἔσται καὶ οὐ μὴ εὐφρανθήσεται ἐν τοῖς χρήμασιν αὐτοῦ
To whom will the evil man be good, even to himself? He will not rejoice in his riches.
The self-harming miser cannot even become a benefactor to himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
πονηρὸςevilA1A NSM · πονηρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπονηρός: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ sphere or instrument referenceἑαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'for himself' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τίνιto whomRI DSM · τίςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'to whom' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'will be' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
εὐφρανθήσεταιhe will rejoiceVC FPI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionεὐφραίνω: lexical item rendered 'he will rejoice' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
χρήμασινrichesN3M DPN · χρῆμαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceχρῆμα: lexical item rendered 'riches' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
6
τοῦ βασκαίνοντος ἑαυτὸν οὐκ ἔστιν πονηρότερος καὶ τοῦτο ἀνταπόδομα τῆς κακίας αὐτοῦ
There is none more wicked than the one who envies himself, and this is the repayment of his wickedness.
Self-envy is treated as the extremity of wickedness because it refuses even one's own proper good.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
βασκαίνοντοςone envyingV1 · παπγσμ βασκαίνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionβασκαίνω: lexical item rendered 'one envying' in this chapter's critique of the envious, evil-eyed miser.
ἑαυτὸνhimselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalἑαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'himself' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'there is' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
πονηρότεροςmore wickedA1A NSMC · πονηρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπονηρός: lexical item rendered 'more wicked' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀνταπόδομαrepaymentN3M NSN · ἀνταπόδομαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀνταπόδομα: lexical item rendered 'repayment' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
κακίαςof wickednessN1A GSF · κακίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκακία: lexical item rendered 'of wickedness' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
7
κἂν εὖ ποιῇ ἐν λήθῃ ποιεῖ καὶ ἐπ' ἐσχάτων ἐκφαίνει τὴν κακίαν αὐτοῦ
Even if he does good, he does it in forgetfulness, and in the end he reveals his wickedness.
Occasional outward generosity does not cure this condition; in the end the buried vice comes to light.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κἂνeven ifC+X · καί̈ἄνcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί̈ἄν: lexical item rendered 'even if' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
εὖwellD · εὖadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionεὖ: lexical item rendered 'well' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ποιῇhe doesV2 PAS3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionποιέω: lexical item rendered 'he does' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
λήθῃin forgetfulnessN1 DSF · λήθηdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceλήθη: lexical item rendered 'in forgetfulness' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ποιεῖdo / makeV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionποιέω: lexical item rendered 'do / make' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἐπ'atP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'at' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐσχάτωνthe endA1 GPN · ἔσχατοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἔσχατος: lexical item rendered 'the end' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐκφαίνειhe revealsV1 PAI3S · φαίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἐκ: lexical item rendered 'he reveals' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
κακίανwickednessN1A ASF · κακίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκακία: lexical item rendered 'wickedness' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
8
πονηρὸς ὁ βασκαίνων ὀφθαλμῷ ἀποστρέφων πρόσωπον καὶ ὑπερορῶν ψυχάς
Evil is the man who envies with his eye, turning away his face and disdaining lives.
The evil eye is shown in bodily gestures of aversion and contempt toward other lives.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πονηρὸςevilA1A NSM · πονηρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπονηρός: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
βασκαίνωνone envyingV1 · παπνσμ βασκαίνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionβασκαίνω: lexical item rendered 'one envying' in this chapter's critique of the envious, evil-eyed miser.
ὀφθαλμῷwith the eyeN2 DSM · ὀφθαλμόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'with the eye' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀποστρέφωνturning awayV1 · παπνσμ στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionἀπο: lexical item rendered 'turning away' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered 'face' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ὑπερορῶνdisdainingV3 · παπνσμ ὁράω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionὑπερ: lexical item rendered 'disdaining' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ψυχάςlivesN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalψυχή: lexical item rendered 'lives' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
9
πλεονέκτου ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ ἐμπίπλαται μερίδι καὶ ἀδικία πονηρὰ ἀναξηραίνει ψυχήν
The eye of the greedy man is not filled with a portion, and evil injustice dries up the soul.
Greed never fills itself, and its injustice desiccates the very soul that houses it.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πλεονέκτουof the greedyN1M GSM · πλεονέκτηςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπλεονέκτης: lexical item rendered 'of the greedy' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'eye' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐμπίπλαταιis filledV6 PMI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἐν: lexical item rendered 'is filled' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
μερίδιwith a portionN3D DSF · μερίςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceμερίς: lexical item rendered 'with a portion' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἀδικίαinjusticeN1A NSF · ἀδικίαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀδικία: lexical item rendered 'injustice' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
πονηρὰevilA1A NSF · πονηρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπονηρός: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀναξηραίνειdries upV1 PAI3S · ξηραίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἀνα: lexical item rendered 'dries up' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalψυχή: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
10
ὀφθαλμὸς πονηρὸς φθονερὸς ἐπ' ἄρτῳ καὶ ἐλλιπὴς ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης αὐτοῦ
An evil eye is envious over bread, and it is lacking at its own table.
The envious person begrudges even bread and so creates scarcity at his own table.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'eye' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
πονηρὸςevilA1A NSM · πονηρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπονηρός: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
φθονερὸςenviousA1A NSM · φθονερόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceφθονερός: lexical item rendered 'envious' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐπ'atP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'at' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἄρτῳover breadN2 DSM · ἄρτοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἄρτος: lexical item rendered 'over bread' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἐλλιπὴςlackingA3H NSM · ἐλλιπήςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἐλλιπής: lexical item rendered 'lacking' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐπὶatP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'at' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
τραπέζηςtableN1S GSF · τράπεζαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationτράπεζα: lexical item rendered 'table' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
11
τέκνον καθὼς ἐὰν ἔχῃς εὖ ποίει σεαυτὸν καὶ προσφορὰς κυρίῳ ἀξίως πρόσαγε
Child, according as you have, do good to yourself, and bring offerings to the Lord worthily.
Pivots from the miser to the proper use of goods: enjoy what you have rightly and honor the Lord with it.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονlexical element contributing its local semantic role in context→ local semantic contributionτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'child' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καθὼςaccording asC · καθώςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαθώς: lexical item rendered 'according as' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageἐάν: lexical item rendered 'if' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἔχῃςyou haveV1 PAS2S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionἔχω: lexical item rendered 'you have' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
εὖwellD · εὖadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionεὖ: lexical item rendered 'well' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ποίειdoV2 PAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductποιέω: lexical item rendered 'do' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σεαυτὸνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalσεαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'yourself' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
προσφορὰςofferingsN1A APF · προσφοράaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπροσφορά: lexical item rendered 'offerings' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
κυρίῳto the LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκύριος: “Lord”; the divine name-title grounding right offering, right enjoyment, and the ordered use of goods.
ἀξίωςworthilyD · ἀξίωςadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionἀξίως: lexical item rendered 'worthily' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
πρόσαγεbring nearV1 PAD2S · ἄγω + προςverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductπρος: lexical item rendered 'bring near' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
12
μνήσθητι ὅτι θάνατος οὐ χρονιεῖ καὶ διαθήκη ᾅδου οὐχ ὑπεδείχθη σοι
Remember that death will not delay, and the covenant of Hades has not been shown to you.
Mortality gives urgency to generosity because death does not wait for a better season.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionμιμνήσκω: lexical item rendered 'remember' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageὅτι: lexical item rendered 'that' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceθάνατος: lexical item rendered 'death' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
χρονιεῖwill not delayVF2 FAI3S · χρονίζωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultχρονίζω: lexical item rendered 'will not delay' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
διαθήκηcovenantN1 NSF · διαθήκηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceδιαθήκη: lexical item rendered 'covenant' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ᾅδουof HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationᾅδης: lexical item rendered 'of Hades' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὑπεδείχθηhas been shownVQI API3S · δεικνύω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionὑπο: lexical item rendered 'has been shown' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceσύ: lexical item rendered 'to you' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
13
πρίν σε τελευτῆσαι εὖ ποίει φίλῳ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἰσχύν σου ἔκτεινον καὶ δὸς αὐτῷ
Before you die, do good to a friend, and according to your strength stretch out your hand and give to him.
Beneficence toward a friend should be done before death closes the opportunity.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πρίνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionπρίν: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τελευτῆσαιdieVA AAN · τελευτάωinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ verbal abstraction within the argumentτελευτάω: lexical item rendered 'die' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
εὖwellD · εὖadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionεὖ: lexical item rendered 'well' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ποίειdoV2 PAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductποιέω: lexical item rendered 'do' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
φίλῳto a friendA1 DSM · φίλοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceφίλος: lexical item rendered 'to a friend' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingκατά: lexical item rendered 'according to' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἰσχύνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἰσχύς: lexical item rendered 'strength' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἔκτεινονstretch outVA AAD2S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionἐκ: lexical item rendered 'stretch out' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionδίδωμι: lexical item rendered 'give' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ sphere or instrument referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'to him' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
14
μὴ ἀφυστερήσῃς ἀπὸ ἀγαθῆς ἡμέρας καὶ μερὶς ἐπιθυμίας ἀγαθῆς μή σε παρελθάτω
Do not withhold yourself from a good day, and let no share of a good desire pass you by.
One should not let rightful enjoyment of God's gifts slip away through false austerity or fear.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀφυστερήσῃςwithholdVA AAS2S · ὑστερέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionἀπο: lexical item rendered 'withhold' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀγαθῆςgoodA1 GSF · ἀγαθόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
μερὶςshareN3D NSF · μερίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceμερίς: lexical item rendered 'share' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐπιθυμίαςof desireN1A GSF · ἐπιθυμίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐπιθυμία: lexical item rendered 'of desire' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀγαθῆςgoodA1 GSF · ἀγαθόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
μήnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
παρελθάτωlet pass byVA AAD3S · ἔρχομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionπαρα: lexical item rendered 'let pass by' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
15
οὐχὶ ἑτέρῳ καταλείψεις τοὺς πόνους σου καὶ τοὺς κόπους σου εἰς διαίρεσιν κλήρου
Will you not leave your labors to another, and your toils for the division of an inheritance?
Since labor will finally be left behind for others, hoarding is exposed as folly.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐχὶshall notD · οὐadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'shall not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἑτέρῳto anotherA1A DSM · ἕτεροςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'to another' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καταλείψειςyou leaveVF FAI2S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultκατα: lexical item rendered 'you leave' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
πόνουςlaborsN2 APM · πόνοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπόνος: lexical item rendered 'labors' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
κόπουςtoilsN2 APM · κόποςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκόπος: lexical item rendered 'toils' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
διαίρεσινdivisionN3I ASF · διαίρεσιςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalδιαίρεσις: lexical item rendered 'division' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
κλήρουof an inheritanceN2 GSM · κλῆροςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκλῆρος: lexical item rendered 'of an inheritance' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
16
δὸς καὶ λαβὲ καὶ ἀπάτησον τὴν ψυχήν σου ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ᾅδου ζητῆσαι τρυφήν
Give and take, and treat your soul well, for in Hades there is no seeking luxury.
The hearer is urged to use present goods wisely because the grave offers no sphere for delight.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionδίδωμι: lexical item rendered 'give' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
λαβὲtakeVB AAD2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionλαμβάνω: lexical item rendered 'take' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἀπάτησονtreat wellVA AAD2S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionἀπατάω: lexical item rendered 'treat well' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalψυχή: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageὅτι: lexical item rendered 'that' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or command→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'there is' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ᾅδουof HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationᾅδης: lexical item rendered 'of Hades' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ζητῆσαιto seekVA AAN · ζητέωinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ verbal abstraction within the argumentζητέω: lexical item rendered 'to seek' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τρυφήνluxuryN1 ASF · τρυφήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalτρυφή: lexical item rendered 'luxury' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
17
πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιοῦται ἡ γὰρ διαθήκη ἀπ' αἰῶνος θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ
All flesh grows old like a garment, for the ancient covenant is: by death you shall die.
The universality of decay and death is stated baldly as the common covenant of flesh.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πᾶσαeveryA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σὰρξfleshN3K NSF · σάρξnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceσάρξ: lexical item rendered 'flesh' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἱμάτιονa garmentN2N NSN · ἱμάτιονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἱμάτιον: lexical item rendered 'a garment' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
παλαιοῦταιgrows oldV4 PMI3S · παλαιόωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionπαλαιόω: lexical item rendered 'grows old' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
γὰρforX · γάρlexical element contributing its local semantic role in context→ local semantic contributionγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
διαθήκηcovenantN1 NSF · διαθήκηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceδιαθήκη: lexical item rendered 'covenant' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αἰῶνοςof oldN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαἰών: lexical item rendered 'of old' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
θανάτῳby deathN2 DSM · θάνατοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceθάνατος: lexical item rendered 'by death' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀποθανῇyou shall dieVB AAS3S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionἀπο: lexical item rendered 'you shall die' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
18
ὡς φύλλον θάλλον ἐπὶ δένδρου δασέος τὰ μὲν καταβάλλει ἄλλα δὲ φύει οὕτως γενεὰ σαρκὸς καὶ αἵματος ἡ μὲν τελευτᾷ ἑτέρα δὲ γεννᾶται
Like flourishing leaves on a leafy tree, some it casts down and others it puts forth, so also a generation of flesh and blood: one dies and another is born.
The tree image frames mortality within succession: one life falls, another appears.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
φύλλονleafN2N NSN · φύλλονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceφύλλον: lexical item rendered 'leaf' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
θάλλονflourishingV1 · παπνσν θάλλωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionθάλλω: lexical item rendered 'flourishing' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐπὶatP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'at' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
δένδρουof a treeN2N GSN · δένδρονgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationδένδρον: lexical item rendered 'of a tree' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
δασέοςleafyA3U GSN · δασύςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationδασύς: lexical item rendered 'leafy' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
μὲνindeedX · μένlexical element contributing its local semantic role in context→ local semantic contributionμέν: lexical item rendered 'indeed' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καταβάλλειit casts downV1 PAI3S · βάλλω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionκατα: lexical item rendered 'it casts down' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἄλλαothersA1 APN · ἄλλοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἄλλος: lexical item rendered 'others' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
δὲbutX · δέlexical element contributing its local semantic role in context→ local semantic contributionδέ: lexical item rendered 'but' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
φύειit puts forthV1 PAI3S · φύωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionφύω: lexical item rendered 'it puts forth' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionοὕτως: lexical item rendered 'so' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
γενεὰgenerationN1A NSF · γενεάnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceγενεά: lexical item rendered 'generation' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σαρκὸςof fleshN3K GSF · σάρξgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσάρξ: lexical item rendered 'of flesh' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
αἵματοςand bloodN3M GSN · αἷμαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαἷμα: lexical item rendered 'and blood' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
μὲνindeedX · μένlexical element contributing its local semantic role in context→ local semantic contributionμέν: lexical item rendered 'indeed' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τελευτᾷdiesV3 PAI3S · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionτελευτάω: lexical item rendered 'dies' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἑτέραanotherA1A NSF · ἕτεροςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'another' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
δὲbutX · δέlexical element contributing its local semantic role in context→ local semantic contributionδέ: lexical item rendered 'but' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
γεννᾶταιis bornV3 PMI3S · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionγεννάω: lexical item rendered 'is born' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
19
πᾶν ἔργον σηπόμενον ἐκλείπει καὶ ὁ ἐργαζόμενος αὐτὸ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἀπελεύσεται
Every decaying work fails, and the one who does it will depart with it.
Perishable works and their workers pass together, tightening the chapter's critique of anxious accumulation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πᾶνeveryA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἔργονworkN2N NSN · ἔργονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἔργον: lexical item rendered 'work' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σηπόμενονdecayingV1 · πμπνσν σήπωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionσήπω: lexical item rendered 'decaying' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐκλείπειfailsV1 PAI3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἐκ: lexical item rendered 'fails' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἐργαζόμενοςone doingV1 · πμπνσμ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionἐργάζομαι: lexical item rendered 'one doing' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'it' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingμετά: lexical item rendered 'with' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀπελεύσεταιwill departVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἀπο: lexical item rendered 'will depart' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
20
μακάριος ἀνήρ ὃς ἐν σοφίᾳ μελετήσει καὶ ὃς ἐν συνέσει αὐτοῦ διαλεχθήσεται
Blessed is the man who will meditate on wisdom and who will discourse with his understanding.
The second beatitude turns from wealth to wisdom, naming meditation and thoughtful discourse as true blessedness.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceμακάριος: lexical item rendered 'blessed' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀνήρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'man' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceὅς: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σοφίᾳon wisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceσοφία / σύνεσις: wisdom and understanding as the true sphere of blessed meditation, habitation, and shelter.
μελετήσειwill meditateVF FAI3S · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultμελετάω: lexical item rendered 'will meditate' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceὅς: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
συνέσειunderstandingN3I DSF · σύνεσιςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceσοφία / σύνεσις: wisdom and understanding as the true sphere of blessed meditation, habitation, and shelter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
διαλεχθήσεταιwill discourseVQ FPI3S · λέγομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionδια: lexical item rendered 'will discourse' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
21
ὁ διανοούμενος τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῆς ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀποκρύφοις αὐτῆς ἐννοηθήσεται
The one who considers her ways in his heart and ponders her hidden things,
The seeker of wisdom engages both her public ways and her hidden depths.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
διανοούμενοςconsideringV2 · πμπνσμ νοέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionδια: lexical item rendered 'considering' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁδός: lexical item rendered 'ways' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καρδίᾳin the heartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'in the heart' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἀποκρύφοιςhidden thingsA1B DPN · ἀπόκρυφοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἀπόκρυφος: lexical item rendered 'hidden things' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐννοηθήσεταιwill ponderVC FPI3S · νοέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionἐν: lexical item rendered 'will ponder' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
22
ἔξελθε ὀπίσω αὐτῆς ὡς ἰχνευτὴς καὶ ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῆς ἐνέδρευε
let him go out after her like a tracker and lie in wait on her paths.
Wisdom must be pursued with patient, almost hunter-like diligence.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔξελθεgo outVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist imperative urging decisive actionἐκ: lexical item rendered 'go out' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὀπίσωafterD · ὀπίσωadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionὀπίσω: lexical item rendered 'after' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἰχνευτὴςtrackerN1M NSM · ἰχνευτήςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἰχνευτής: lexical item rendered 'tracker' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ὁδοῖςwaysN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceὁδός: lexical item rendered 'ways' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνέδρευεlie in waitV1 PAD2S · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present imperative calling for sustained conductἐνεδρεύω: lexical item rendered 'lie in wait' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
23
ὁ παρακύπτων διὰ τῶν θυρίδων αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν θυρωμάτων αὐτῆς ἀκροάσεται
He who peers through her windows and listens at her doors,
The imagery intensifies: the disciple becomes a watchful listener at wisdom's openings.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
παρακύπτωνpeeringV1 · παπνσμ κύπτω + παραverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionπαρα: lexical item rendered 'peering' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingδιά: lexical item rendered 'through' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
θυρίδωνwindowsN3D GPF · θυρίςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationθυρίς: lexical item rendered 'windows' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἐπὶatP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'at' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
θυρωμάτωνdoorsN3M GPN · θύρωμαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationθύρωμα: lexical item rendered 'doors' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀκροάσεταιwill listenVF FMI3S · ἀκροάομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἀκροάομαι: lexical item rendered 'will listen' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
24
ὁ καταλύων σύνεγγυς τοῦ οἴκου αὐτῆς καὶ πήξει πάσσαλον ἐν τοῖς τοίχοις αὐτῆς
who lodges near her house and fastens a peg in her walls,
Nearness becomes settled habitation as the seeker plants himself by wisdom's house.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
καταλύωνlodgingV1 · παπνσμ λύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionκατα: lexical item rendered 'lodging' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
σύνεγγυςnearD · σύνεγγυςadverbial or discourse particle shaping the statement→ local semantic contributionσύνεγγυς: lexical item rendered 'near' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
πήξειwill fastenVF FAI3S · πήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultπήγνυμι: lexical item rendered 'will fasten' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
πάσσαλονa pegN2 ASM · πάσσαλοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπάσσαλος: lexical item rendered 'a peg' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
τοίχοιςwallsN2 DPM · τοῖχοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceτοῖχος: lexical item rendered 'walls' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
25
στήσει τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ κατὰ χεῖρας αὐτῆς καὶ καταλύσει ἐν καταλύματι ἀγαθῶν
will pitch his tent beside her and will lodge in a lodging place of good things.
The result of this nearness is stable lodging in genuine good.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
στήσειwill pitchVF FAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἵστημι: lexical item rendered 'will pitch' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
σκηνὴνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalσκηνή: lexical item rendered 'tent' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingκατά: lexical item rendered 'according to' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
χεῖραςsideN3 APF · χείρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalχείρ: lexical item rendered 'side' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
καταλύσειwill lodgeVF FAI3S · λύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultκατα: lexical item rendered 'will lodge' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καταλύματιlodging placeN3M DSN · κατάλυμαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκατάλυμα: lexical item rendered 'lodging place' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀγαθῶνgood thingsA1 GPM · ἀγαθόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good things' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
26
θήσει τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ σκέπῃ αὐτῆς καὶ ὑπὸ τοὺς κλάδους αὐτῆς αὐλισθήσεται
He will place his children in her shelter, and under her branches he will camp.
Wisdom's shelter extends beyond the individual to his household and children.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
θήσειwill placeVF FAI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultτίθημι: lexical item rendered 'will place' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'children' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
σκέπῃshelterN1 DSF · σκέπηςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceσκέπης: lexical item rendered 'shelter' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingὑπό: lexical item rendered 'under' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
κλάδουςbranchesN2 APM · κλάδοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκλάδος: lexical item rendered 'branches' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐλισθήσεταιwill campVS FPI3S · αὐλίζωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionαὐλίζω: lexical item rendered 'will camp' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
27
σκεπασθήσεται ὑπ' αὐτῆς ἀπὸ καύματος καὶ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτῆς καταλύσει
He will be sheltered by her from the heat, and in her glory he will lodge.
Closes with wisdom as shade, protection, and abiding glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
σκεπασθήσεταιwill be shelteredVS FPI3S · σκεπάζωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local semantic contributionσκεπάζω: lexical item rendered 'will be sheltered' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingὑπό: lexical item rendered 'by' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καύματοςheatN3M GSN · καῦμαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκαῦμα: lexical item rendered 'heat' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or paired elements→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking Sirach's beatitudes, contrasts, and cumulative exhortations.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
δόξῃgloryN1S DSF · δόξαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceδόξα: lexical item rendered 'glory' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.
καταλύσειwill lodgeVF FAI3S · λύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultκατα: lexical item rendered 'will lodge' in this chapter's contrast between miserly envy, mortality, and the dwelling of wisdom.