1
μὴ ἐπιθύμει τέκνων πλῆθος ἀχρήστων μηδὲ εὐφραίνου ἐπὶ υἱοῖς ἀσεβέσιν
Do not desire a multitude of useless children, and do not rejoice over ungodly sons.
The unit opens by severing numerical abundance from covenantal value.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴnotD · μήparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπιθύμειdesireV2 PAD2S · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ direct command or prohibitionθυμέω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'desire' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τέκνωνof childrenN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'of children' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπλῆθος: lexical item rendered 'multitude' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀχρήστωνuselessA1B GPN · ἄχρηστοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἄχρηστος: lexical item rendered 'useless' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageμηδέ: particle rendered 'nor' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εὐφραίνουrejoiceV1 PMD2S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ direct command or prohibitionεὐφραίνω: lexical item rendered 'rejoice' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
υἱοῖςsonsN2 DPM · υἱόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceυἱός: lexical item rendered 'sons' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀσεβέσινungodlyA3H DPM · ἀσεβήςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἀσεβής: lexical item rendered 'ungodly' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
2
ἐὰν πληθύνωσιν μὴ εὐφραίνου ἐπ' αὐτοῖς εἰ μή ἐστιν φόβος κυρίου μετ' αὐτῶν
Even if they multiply, do not rejoice in them unless the fear of the Lord is with them.
Multiplication is explicitly subordinated to the single criterion of godliness.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageἐάν: particle rendered 'if' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πληθύνωσινmultiplyV1 PAS3P · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionπληθύνω: lexical item rendered 'multiply' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μὴnotD · μήparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εὐφραίνουrejoiceV1 PMD2S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ direct command or prohibitionεὐφραίνω: lexical item rendered 'rejoice' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ sphere or instrument referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'them' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἰifC · εἰconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageεἰ: particle rendered 'if' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μήnotD · μήparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
φόβοςφόβοςN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceφόβος: lexical item rendered 'φόβος' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingμετά: lexical item rendered 'with' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
3
μὴ ἐμπιστεύσῃς τῇ ζωῇ αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ἔπεχε ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν κρείσσων γὰρ εἷς ἢ χίλιοι καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ἄτεκνον ἢ ἔχειν τέκνα ἀσεβῆ
Do not trust in their life, and do not rely on their number; for better is one than a thousand, and better to die childless than to have ungodly children.
Sirach pushes the comparison to its extreme to overturn conventional confidence in family size.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
μὴnotD · μήparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐμπιστεύσῃςtrustVA AAS2S · πιστεύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeπιστεύω + ἐν: lexical item rendered 'trust' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ζωῇlifeN1 DSF · ζωήdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceζωή: lexical item rendered 'life' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μὴnotD · μήparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἔπεχεclingV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ direct command or prohibitionἔχω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'cling' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπλῆθος: lexical item rendered 'multitude' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκρείσσων: lexical item rendered 'better' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἷςoneM · εἷςindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionεἷς: lexical item rendered 'one' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἢorC · ἤconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageἤ: lexical item rendered 'or' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
χίλιοιa thousandA1A NPM · χίλιοιnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceχίλιοι: lexical item rendered 'a thousand' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀποθανεῖνdieVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeθνήσκω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'die' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἄτεκνονἄτεκνονA1B ASM · ἄτεκνοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἄτεκνος: lexical item rendered 'ἄτεκνον' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἢorC · ἤconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageἤ: lexical item rendered 'or' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἔχεινἔχεινV1 PAN · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionἔχω: lexical item rendered 'ἔχειν' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'children' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀσεβῆungodlyA3H APN · ἀσεβήςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἀσεβής: lexical item rendered 'ungodly' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
4
ἀπὸ γὰρ ἑνὸς συνετοῦ συνοικισθήσεται πόλις φυλὴ δὲ ἀνόμων ἐρημωθήσεται
For from one intelligent person a city will be inhabited, but a tribe of lawless people will be laid waste.
A wisdom maxim grounds the previous warning by showing how quality, not quantity, determines communal flourishing.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἑνὸςoneA3 GSM · εἷςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationεἷς: lexical item rendered 'one' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
συνετοῦwiseA1 GSM · συνετόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσυνετός: lexical item rendered 'wise' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
συνοικισθήσεταιinhabitVS FPI3S · οἰκίζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultοἰκίζω + συν: lexical item rendered 'inhabit' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
φυλὴtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceφυλή: lexical item rendered 'tribe' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
δὲbutX · δέindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionδέ: lexical item rendered 'but' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀνόμωνlawlessA1B GPM · ἄνομοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἄνομος: lexical item rendered 'lawless' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐρημωθήσεταιlay wasteVC FPI3S · ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἐρημόω: lexical item rendered 'lay waste' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
5
πολλὰ τοιαῦτα ἑόρακεν ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου καὶ ἰσχυρότερα τούτων ἀκήκοεν τὸ οὖς μου
My eye has seen many such things, and my ear has heard things even stronger than these.
The teacher now claims experiential authority for the judgments that follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πολλὰmanyA1 APN · πολύςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τοιαῦταsuch thingsA1 APN · τοιοῦτοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalτοιοῦτος: lexical item rendered 'such things' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἑόρακενseeVX XAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionὁράω: lexical item rendered 'see' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'eye' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἰσχυρότεραἰσχυρότεραA1A APNC · ἰσχυρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἰσχυρός: lexical item rendered 'ἰσχυρότερα' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τούτωνthan theseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'than these' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀκήκοενhearVX XAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionἀκούω: lexical item rendered 'hear' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
οὖςearN3T NSN · οὖςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceοὖς: lexical item rendered 'ear' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
6
ἐν συναγωγῇ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐκκαυθήσεται πῦρ καὶ ἐν ἔθνει ἀπειθεῖ ἐξεκαύθη ὀργή
In an assembly of sinners fire will be kindled, and in a disobedient nation wrath has blazed forth.
Collective rebellion is met with collective conflagration, both literal and metaphorical.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
συναγωγῇassemblyN1 DSF · συναγωγήdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceσυναγωγή: lexical item rendered 'assembly' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἁμαρτωλῶνof sinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἁμαρτωλός: lexical item rendered 'of sinners' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐκκαυθήσεταιkindleVC FPI3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultκαίω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'kindle' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπῦρ: lexical item rendered 'fire' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἔθνειnationN3E DSN · ἔθνοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀπειθεῖdisobedientA3H DSN · ἀπειθήςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἀπειθής: lexical item rendered 'disobedient' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐξεκαύθηkindleVCI API3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionκαίω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'kindle' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὀργήwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὀργή: lexical item rendered 'wrath' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
7
οὐκ ἐξιλάσατο περὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων γιγάντων οἳ ἀπέστησαν τῇ ἰσχύι αὐτῶν
He did not make atonement for the ancient giants who revolted in their strength.
Primeval might could not shield the rebellious giants from divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐξιλάσατοmake atonementVAI AMI3S · ἱλάσκομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionἱλάσκομαι + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'make atonement' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπερί: lexical item rendered 'concerning' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἀρχαίωνἀρχαίωνA1A GPM · ἀρχαῖοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀρχαῖος: lexical item rendered 'ἀρχαίων' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
γιγάντωνgiantsN3 GPM · γίγαςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationγίγας: lexical item rendered 'giants' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceὅς: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀπέστησανfall awayVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἵστημι + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'fall away' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἰσχύς: lexical item rendered 'strength' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
8
οὐκ ἐφείσατο περὶ τῆς παροικίας Λωτ οὓς ἐβδελύξατο διὰ τὴν ὑπερηφανίαν αὐτῶν
He did not spare the community around Lot, whom he abhorred because of their pride.
The memory of Lot’s surroundings supplies another case in which arrogance invited destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐφείσατοspareVAI AMI3S · φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionφείδομαι: lexical item rendered 'spare' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπερί: lexical item rendered 'concerning' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
παροικίαςcommunityN1A GSF · παροικίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπαροικία: lexical item rendered 'community' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ΛωτLotN GSM · Λωτindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionΛωτ: lexical item rendered 'Lot' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὓςwhomRR APM · ὅςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalὅς: lexical item rendered 'whom' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐβδελύξατοabhorVAI AMI3S · βδελύσσωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionβδελύσσω: lexical item rendered 'abhor' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingδιά: lexical item rendered 'because of' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ὑπερηφανίανὑπερηφανίανN1A ASF · ὑπερηφανίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὑπερηφανία: lexical item rendered 'ὑπερηφανίαν' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
9
οὐκ ἠλέησεν ἔθνος ἀπωλείας τοὺς ἐξηρμένους ἐν ἁμαρτίαις αὐτῶν
He did not pity a nation marked for destruction, those carried off in their sins.
The verse generalizes the pattern: a people given over to sin is not preserved by sheer corporate identity.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἠλέησενpityVAI AAI3S · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἐλεέω: lexical item rendered 'pity' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀπωλείαςof destructionN1A GSF · ἀπώλειαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀπώλεια: lexical item rendered 'of destruction' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἐξηρμένουςἐξηρμένουςVA · αμπαπμ αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeαἴρω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'ἐξηρμένους' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinsN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἁμαρτία: lexical item rendered 'sins' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
10
καὶ οὕτως ἑξακοσίας χιλιάδας πεζῶν τοὺς ἐπισυναχθέντας ἐν σκληροκαρδίᾳ αὐτῶν
And likewise six hundred thousand foot soldiers, those gathered together in the hardness of their heart.
The allusion to the wilderness generation shows that even a vast fighting force can fall under judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ local semantic contributionοὕτως: lexical item rendered 'thus' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἑξακοσίαςsix hundredA1A APF · ἑξακόσιοιaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἑξακόσιοι: lexical item rendered 'six hundred' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
χιλιάδαςthousandsN3D APF · χιλίαςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: lexical item rendered 'thousands' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πεζῶνfoot soldiersA1 GPM · πεζόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπεζός: lexical item rendered 'foot soldiers' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἐπισυναχθένταςgather togetherVQ · αππαπμ ἄγω + ἐπι + συνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἄγω + ἐπι + συν: lexical item rendered 'gather together' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
σκληροκαρδίᾳhardness of heartN1A DSF · σκληροκαρδίαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceσκληροκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'hardness of heart' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
11
κἂν ᾖ εἷς σκληροτράχηλος θαυμαστὸν τοῦτο εἰ ἀθῳωθήσεται ἔλεος γὰρ καὶ ὀργὴ παρ' αὐτῷ δυνάστης ἐξιλασμῶν καὶ ἐκχέων ὀργήν
Even if there is one stiff-necked person, it would be astonishing if he were acquitted; for mercy and wrath are with him, mighty in acts of atonement and pouring out wrath.
The move from multitudes to a single rebel shows that divine justice is not impressed either by crowds or by isolated defiance.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
κἂνeven ifC+X · καί̈ἄνindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionκαί̈ἄν: lexical item rendered 'even if' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ᾖbeV9 PAS3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἷςoneM · εἷςindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionεἷς: lexical item rendered 'one' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
σκληροτράχηλοςstiff-neckedA1B NSM · σκληροτράχηλοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceσκληροτράχηλος: lexical item rendered 'stiff-necked' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
θαυμαστὸνθαυμαστὸνA1 NSN · θαυμαστόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceθαυμαστός: lexical item rendered 'θαυμαστὸν' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τοῦτοτοῦτοRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'τοῦτο' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἰifC · εἰconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageεἰ: particle rendered 'if' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀθῳωθήσεταιacquitVC FPI3S · ἀθῳόωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἀθῳόω: lexical item rendered 'acquit' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἔλεος: lexical item rendered 'mercy' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὀργή: lexical item rendered 'wrath' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπαρά: lexical item rendered 'with' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ sphere or instrument referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
δυνάστηςδυνάστηςN1M NSM · δυνάστηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceδυνάστης: lexical item rendered 'δυνάστης' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐξιλασμῶνatonementN2 GPM · ἐξιλασμόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐξιλασμός: lexical item rendered 'atonement' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐκχέωνpour outV2 · παπνσμ χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ participant characterizationχέω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'pour out' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὀργήνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὀργή: lexical item rendered 'wrath' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
12
κατὰ τὸ πολὺ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ οὕτως καὶ πολὺς ὁ ἔλεγχος αὐτοῦ ἄνδρα κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ κρινεῖ
As his mercy is great, so also is his reproof great; he will judge a person according to his works.
Mercy and judgment are held together without dilution, each proportioned to God’s own greatness.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingκατά: lexical item rendered 'according to' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
πολὺgreatA1P ASN · πολύςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπολύς: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔλεος: lexical item rendered 'mercy' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ local semantic contributionοὕτως: lexical item rendered 'thus' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandD · καίparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ local semantic contributionκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πολὺςgreatA1P NSM · πολύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔλεγχοςreproofN2 NSM · ἔλεγχοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἔλεγχος: lexical item rendered 'reproof' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἄνδραἄνδραN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'ἄνδρα' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingκατά: lexical item rendered 'according to' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κρινεῖjudgeVF2 FAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultκρίνω: lexical item rendered 'judge' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
13
οὐκ ἐκφεύξεται ἐν ἁρπάγματι ἁμαρτωλός καὶ οὐ μὴ καθυστερήσει ὑπομονὴ εὐσεβοῦς
A sinner will not escape with plunder, and the patience of the godly will never be frustrated.
The outcome of both wickedness and endurance is secured by divine justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐκφεύξεταιescapeVF FMI3S · φεύγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultφεύγω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'escape' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἁρπάγματιplunderN3M DSN · ἅρπαγμαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἅρπαγμα: lexical item rendered 'plunder' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἁμαρτωλόςἁμαρτωλόςA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἁμαρτωλός: lexical item rendered 'ἁμαρτωλός' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μὴnotD · μήparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καθυστερήσεικαθυστερήσειVF FAI3S · ὑστερέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultὑστερέω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'καθυστερήσει' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὑπομονὴpatienceN1 NSF · ὑπομονήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὑπομονή: lexical item rendered 'patience' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εὐσεβοῦςof the godlyA3H GSM · εὐσεβήςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationεὐσεβής: lexical item rendered 'of the godly' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
14
πάσῃ ἐλεημοσύνῃ ποιήσει τόπον ἕκαστος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ εὑρήσει
For every act of mercy he will make a place; each person will find according to his works.
God’s judgment does not overlook mercy but gives every deed its proper standing and return.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πάσῃeveryA1S DSF · πᾶςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐλεημοσύνῃmercyN1 DSF · ἐλεημοσύνηdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἐλεημοσύνη: lexical item rendered 'mercy' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ποιήσειwill doVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultποιέω: lexical item rendered 'do' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalτόπος: lexical item rendered 'place' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἕκαστος: lexical item rendered 'each' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingκατά: lexical item rendered 'according to' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εὑρήσειfindVF FAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultεὑρίσκω: lexical item rendered 'find' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
17
μὴ εἴπῃς ὅτι ἀπὸ κυρίου κρυβήσομαι καὶ ἐξ ὕψους τίς μου μνησθήσεται ἐν λαῷ πλείονι οὐ μὴ γνωσθῶ τίς γὰρ ἡ ψυχή μου ἐν ἀμετρήτῳ κτίσει
Do not say, “I shall be hidden from the Lord, and from on high who will remember me? In a crowd of many people I shall not be known; for what is my life in the immeasurable creation?”
Sirach quotes the fantasy that individual obscurity can disappear within the vastness of creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
μὴnotD · μήparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἴπῃςsayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeεἶπον: lexical item rendered 'say' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageὅτι: lexical item rendered 'that' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κρυβήσομαιhideVD FPI1S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultκρύπτω: lexical item rendered 'hide' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐκ: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὕψουςon highN3E GSN · ὕψοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὕψος: lexical item rendered 'on high' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τιςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceτις: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μνησθήσεταιrememberVS FPI3S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultμιμνήσκω: lexical item rendered 'remember' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πλείονιgreaterA3C DSM · πολύςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'greater' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μὴnotD · μήparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
γνωσθῶγνωσθῶVS APS1S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionγιγνώσκω: lexical item rendered 'γνωσθῶ' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἡἡRA NSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceψυχή: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀμετρήτῳἀμετρήτῳA1B DSF · ἀμέτρητοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἀμέτρητος: lexical item rendered 'ἀμετρήτῳ' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κτίσειcreationN3I DSF · κτίσιςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκτίσις: lexical item rendered 'creation' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
18
ἰδοὺ ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἄβυσσος καὶ γῆ ἐν τῇ ἐπισκοπῇ αὐτοῦ σαλευθήσονται
Behold, heaven and the heaven of heaven, the abyss and the earth, at his visitation will be shaken.
The rebuttal begins with a panoramic vision of cosmic structures trembling under divine inspection.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἰδοὺbeholdVB AMD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionὁράω: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
οὐρανὸςheavenN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'heaven' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
οὐρανὸςheavenN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'heaven' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
οὐρανοῦof heavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'of heaven' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἄβυσσοςabyssN2 NSM · ἄβυσσοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἄβυσσος: lexical item rendered 'abyss' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἐπισκοπῇἐπισκοπῇN1 DSF · ἐπισκοπήdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἐπισκοπή: lexical item rendered 'ἐπισκοπῇ' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
σαλευθήσονταιshakeVC FPI3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultσαλεύω: lexical item rendered 'shake' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
19
ἅμα τὰ ὄρη καὶ τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς ἐν τῷ ἐπιβλέψαι εἰς αὐτὰ τρόμῳ συσσείονται
At once the mountains and the foundations of the earth, when he looks upon them, will quake with trembling.
The imagery narrows from the cosmos to its most stable features, which still shudder before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἅμαat onceD · ἅμαparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ local semantic contributionἅμα: lexical item rendered 'at once' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ὄρηmountainsN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὄρος: lexical item rendered 'mountains' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N NPN · θεμέλιονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceθεμέλιον: lexical item rendered 'foundations' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἐπιβλέψαιlook uponVA AAN · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeβλέπω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'look upon' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτὰthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'them' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τρόμῳτρόμῳN2 DSM · τρόμοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceτρόμος: lexical item rendered 'τρόμῳ' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
συσσείονταιquakeV1 PMI3P · σείω + συνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionσείω + συν: lexical item rendered 'quake' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
20
καὶ ἐπ' αὐτοῖς οὐ διανοηθήσεται καρδία καὶ τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ τίς ἐνθυμηθήσεται
Yet over these things the heart does not reflect, and who will ponder his ways?
Human dullness is exposed by the contrast between cosmic testimony and inward failure to consider it.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ sphere or instrument referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'them' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
διανοηθήσεταιreflectVC FPI3S · νοέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultνοέομαι + δια: lexical item rendered 'reflect' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καρδίακαρδίαN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'καρδία' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὰςτὰςRA APF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ὁδοὺςὁδοὺςN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁδός: lexical item rendered 'ὁδοὺς' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνθυμηθήσεταιponderVC FPI3S · θυμέομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultθυμέομαι + ἐν: lexical item rendered 'ponder' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
21
καὶ καταιγίς ἣν οὐκ ὄψεται ἄνθρωπος τὰ δὲ πλείονα τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ ἐν ἀποκρύφοις
And there is a storm that a human being will not see, while most of his works are in hidden places.
God’s operations exceed human perception not because he is absent but because his activity is too vast and secret for ordinary sight.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καταιγίςκαταιγίςN3D NSF · καταιγίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκαταιγίς: lexical item rendered 'καταιγίς' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἣνwhichRR ASF · ὅςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὄψεταιseeVF FMI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultὁράω: lexical item rendered 'see' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἄνθρωποςἄνθρωποςN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'ἄνθρωπος' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
δὲbutX · δέindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionδέ: lexical item rendered 'but' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πλείοναmoreA3C NPN · πολύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'more' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔργωνworksN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀποκρύφοιςἀποκρύφοιςA1B DSN · ἀπόκρυφοςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἀπόκρυφος: lexical item rendered 'ἀποκρύφοις' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
22
ἔργα δικαιοσύνης τίς ἀναγγελεῖ ἢ τίς ὑπομενεῖ μακρὰν γὰρ ἡ διαθήκη
Who will announce works of righteousness, or who will wait for them? For the covenant is far off.
The verse voices the strain of waiting for God’s righteous action when its fulfillment seems distant.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
δικαιοσύνηςδικαιοσύνηςN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationδικαιοσύνη: lexical item rendered 'δικαιοσύνης' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀναγγελεῖannounceVF2 FAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: lexical item rendered 'announce' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἢorC · ἤconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageἤ: lexical item rendered 'or' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'who' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ὑπομενεῖendureVF2 FAI3S · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultμένω + ὑπο: lexical item rendered 'endure' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μακρὰνfar offD · μακράνparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ local semantic contributionμακράν: lexical item rendered 'far off' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element shaping the clause or discourse flow→ local semantic contributionγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἡἡRA NSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
διαθήκηcovenantN1 NSF · διαθήκηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceδιαθήκη: lexical item rendered 'covenant' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
23
ἐλαττούμενος καρδίᾳ διανοεῖται ταῦτα καὶ ἀνὴρ ἄφρων καὶ πλανώμενος διανοεῖται μωρά
One deficient in heart thinks on these things, and a foolish and wandering man thinks on follies.
Sirach distinguishes true contemplation from the distorted reasoning of the unstable fool.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐλαττούμενοςbe deficientV4 · πμπνσμ ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ participant characterizationἐλαττόω: lexical item rendered 'be deficient' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καρδίᾳκαρδίᾳN1A DSF · καρδίαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'καρδίᾳ' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
διανοεῖταιreflectV2 PMI3S · νοέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionνοέομαι + δια: lexical item rendered 'reflect' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ταῦταταῦταRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'ταῦτα' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀνὴρἀνὴρN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'ἀνὴρ' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἄφρωνἄφρωνA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἄφρων: lexical item rendered 'ἄφρων' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πλανώμενοςlead astrayV3 · πμπνσμ πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ participant characterizationπλανάω: lexical item rendered 'lead astray' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
διανοεῖταιreflectV2 PMI3S · νοέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ event or state assertionνοέομαι + δια: lexical item rendered 'reflect' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μωράμωράA1A APN · μωρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalμωρός: lexical item rendered 'μωρά' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
24
ἄκουσόν μου τέκνον καὶ μάθε ἐπιστήμην καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων μου πρόσεχε τῇ καρδίᾳ σου
Listen to me, child, and learn knowledge, and pay careful attention in your heart to my words.
The teacher re-enters directly, summoning the student from speculation to disciplined reception.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἄκουσόνhearVA AAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ direct command or prohibitionἀκούω: lexical item rendered 'hear' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονsubstantival or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant or predicate prominenceτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'child' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μάθεlearnVB AAD2S · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ direct command or prohibitionμανθάνω: lexical item rendered 'learn' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπιστήμηνknowledgeN1 ASF · ἐπιστήμηaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἐπιστήμη: lexical item rendered 'knowledge' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
λόγωνwordsN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationλόγος: lexical item rendered 'words' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
πρόσεχεdepend onV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ direct command or prohibitionἔχω + προς: lexical item rendered 'depend on' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ sphere or instrument referenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
καρδίᾳκαρδίᾳN1A DSF · καρδίαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'καρδίᾳ' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
25
ἐκφανῶ ἐν σταθμῷ παιδείαν καὶ ἐν ἀκριβείᾳ ἀπαγγελῶ ἐπιστήμην
I will set forth instruction with measure, and with precision I will declare knowledge.
The sage characterizes what follows as calibrated, exact teaching rather than loose reflection.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐκφανῶset forthVF2 FAI1S · φαίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultφαίνω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'set forth' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
σταθμῷmeasureN2 DSM · σταθμόςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceσταθμός: lexical item rendered 'measure' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
παιδείανinstructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπαιδεία: lexical item rendered 'instruction' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀκριβείᾳprecisionN1A DSF · ἀκρίβειαdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceἀκρίβεια: lexical item rendered 'precision' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀπαγγελῶdeclareVF2 FAI1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'declare' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπιστήμηνknowledgeN1 ASF · ἐπιστήμηaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἐπιστήμη: lexical item rendered 'knowledge' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
26
ἐν κρίσει κυρίου τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς καὶ ἀπὸ ποιήσεως αὐτῶν διέστειλεν μερίδας αὐτῶν
The works of the Lord have stood in judgment from the beginning, and from their making he assigned their portions.
Creation is described as ordered from its origin by divine apportionment and assessment.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceκρίσις: lexical item rendered 'judgment' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀρχῆςἀρχῆςN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀρχή: lexical item rendered 'ἀρχῆς' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ποιήσεωςmakingN3I GSF · ποίησιςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationποίησις: lexical item rendered 'making' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
διέστειλενassignVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + διαverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeστέλλω + δια: lexical item rendered 'assign' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μερίδαςportionsN3D APF · μερίςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalμερίς: lexical item rendered 'portions' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
27
ἐκόσμησεν εἰς αἰῶνα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς αὐτῶν εἰς γενεὰς αὐτῶν οὔτε ἐπείνασαν οὔτε ἐκοπίασαν καὶ οὐκ ἐξέλιπον ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν
He adorned his works forever, and their first principles endure for their generations; they neither hungered nor grew weary, and they did not cease from their works.
The created order is both beautiful and durable, lacking the fatigue and breakdown that mark human life.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐκόσμησενadornVAI AAI3S · κοσμέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeκοσμέω: lexical item rendered 'adorn' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αἰῶνααἰῶναN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalαἰών: lexical item rendered 'αἰῶνα' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὰςτὰςRA APF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἀρχὰςfirst principlesN1 APF · ἀρχήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἀρχή: lexical item rendered 'first principles' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
γενεὰςgenerationsN1A APF · γενεάaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalγενεά: lexical item rendered 'generations' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageοὔτε: lexical item rendered 'neither' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπείνασανhungerVAI AAI3P · πεινάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeπεινάω: lexical item rendered 'hunger' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageοὔτε: lexical item rendered 'neither' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐκοπίασανgrow wearyVAI AAI3P · κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeκοπιάω: lexical item rendered 'grow weary' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐξέλιπονceaseVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeλείπω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'cease' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἔργωνworksN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
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ἕκαστος τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐξέθλιψεν καὶ ἕως αἰῶνος οὐκ ἀπειθήσουσιν τοῦ ῥήματος αὐτοῦ
None has crowded its neighbor, and forever they will not disobey his word.
The creatures’ mutual non-interference and obedience form a quiet contrast to human rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἕκαστος: lexical item rendered 'each' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
πλησίονneighborsD · πλησίονparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ local semantic contributionπλησίον: lexical item rendered 'neighbors' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐξέθλιψενcrowdVAI AAI3S · θλίβω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeθλίβω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'crowd' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἕως: lexical item rendered 'until' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αἰῶνοςeverlastingN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαἰών: lexical item rendered 'everlasting' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle shaping the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: particle rendered 'not' and shaping the local logical movement in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἀπειθήσουσινἀπειθήσουσινVF FAI3P · ἀπειθέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future projection or promised resultἀπειθέω: lexical item rendered 'ἀπειθήσουσιν' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ῥήματοςwordN3M GSN · ῥῆμαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationῥῆμα: lexical item rendered 'word' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
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καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα κύριος εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐπέβλεψεν καὶ ἐνέπλησεν αὐτὴν τῶν ἀγαθῶν αὐτοῦ
And after these things the Lord looked upon the earth and filled it with his good things.
The ordered world becomes a generously furnished world under the Lord’s beneficent gaze.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
μετὰμετὰP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingμετά: lexical item rendered 'μετὰ' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ταῦταταῦταRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'ταῦτα' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐπέβλεψενlook uponVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeβλέπω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'look upon' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐνέπλησενfillVAI AAI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeπίμπλημι + ἐν: lexical item rendered 'fill' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ qualification or source relationὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἀγαθῶνgood thingsA1 GPN · ἀγαθόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good things' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
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ψυχῇ παντὸς ζῴου ἐκάλυψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς καὶ εἰς αὐτὴν ἡ ἀποστροφὴ αὐτῶν
With every living creature he covered its surface, and to it is their return.
The final line joins the earth’s teeming fullness with the shared creaturely destiny of returning to it.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ψυχῇwith lifeN1 DSF · ψυχήdative term marking sphere, instrument, or reference→ sphere or instrument referenceψυχή: lexical item rendered 'with life' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ζῴουliving creatureN2 GSN · ζῷονgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationζῷον: lexical item rendered 'living creature' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἐκάλυψενcoverVAI AAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeκαλύπτω: lexical item rendered 'cover' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ object focus or directional goalὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
πρόσωπονsurfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered 'surface' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or logical movement→ discourse linkageκαί: common coordinating conjunction, here linking the chapter's cumulative argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
ἡἡRA NSF · ὁarticle marking and delimiting the noun phrase→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: Greek definite article marking a noun phrase as definite and signaling case, gender, and number.
ἀποστροφὴreturnN1 NSF · ἀποστροφήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀποστροφή: lexical item rendered 'return' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative form functioning within the clause→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' in this chapter's argument about wicked offspring, remembered judgments, and God's ordered creation.