1
τέκνον ἥμαρτες μὴ προσθῇς μηκέτι καὶ περὶ τῶν προτέρων σου δεήθητι
Child, have you sinned? Do so no more, and pray concerning your former sins.
The unit begins pastorally: repentance requires both cessation of sin and prayer over what has already been done.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἥμαρτεςyou sinnedVBI AAI2S · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'you sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσθῇςaddV2 PAS2S · θέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyθέω + προς: meaning 'add'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηκέτιno longerD · μηκέτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμηκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προτέρωνformerA1A GPF · πρότεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρότερος: meaning 'former'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δεήθητιpray / askVC APD2S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδέω: meaning 'pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
ὡς ἀπὸ προσώπου ὄφεως φεῦγε ἀπὸ ἁμαρτίας ἐὰν γὰρ προσέλθῃς δήξεταί σε ὀδόντες λέοντος οἱ ὀδόντες αὐτῆς ἀναιροῦντες ψυχὰς ἀνθρώπων
Flee from sin as from the face of a serpent, for if you draw near it, it will bite you; its teeth are a lion's teeth, destroying the souls of men.
Sin is rendered as a living threat to be fled, not a manageable temptation to be negotiated with.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὄφεωςof a serpentN3I GSM · ὄφιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄφις: meaning 'of a serpent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φεῦγεfleeV1 PAD2S · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφεύγω: meaning 'flee'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέλθῃςdraw nearVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + προς: meaning 'draw near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δήξεταίwill biteVF FMI3S · δάκνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδάκνω: meaning 'will bite'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀδόντεςteethN3 NPM · ὀδούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀδούς: meaning 'teeth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λέοντοςlionN3 GSM · λέωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀδόντεςteethN3 NPM · ὀδούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀδούς: meaning 'teeth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀναιροῦντεςdestroyingV2 · παπνπμ αἱρέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ αἱρέω + ἀνα: meaning 'destroying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχὰςpersonN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'person'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
ὡς ῥομφαία δίστομος πᾶσα ἀνομία τῇ πληγῇ αὐτῆς οὐκ ἔστιν ἴασις
All lawlessness is like a two-edged sword; for its wound there is no healing.
Lawlessness is likened to a double-edged weapon whose strike leaves damage beyond ordinary remedy.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥομφαίαswordN1A NSF · ῥομφαίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίστομοςtwo-edgedA1B NSF · δίστομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίστομος: meaning 'two-edged'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνομίαlawlessnessN1A NSF · ἀνομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληγῇplagueN1 DSF · πληγήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπληγή: meaning 'plague'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴασις: meaning 'healing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
4
καταπληγμὸς καὶ ὕβρις ἐρημώσουσιν πλοῦτον οὕτως οἶκος ὑπερηφάνου ἐρημωθήσεται
Panic and insolence will lay waste wealth; so the house of the proud will be laid waste.
Violence and pride do not secure a household; they hollow it out until desolation becomes its proper end.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καταπληγμὸςpanicN2 NSM · καταπληγμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαταπληγμός: meaning 'panic'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕβριςprideN3I NSF · ὕβριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕβρις: meaning 'pride'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐρημώσουσινwill lay wasteVF FAI3S · ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐρημόω: meaning 'will lay waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπερηφάνουproudA1B GSM · ὑπερήφανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑπερήφανος: meaning 'proud'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐρημωθήσεταιdesolateVC FPI3S · ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐρημόω: meaning 'desolate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
δέησις πτωχοῦ ἐκ στόματος ἕως ὠτίων αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ κρίμα αὐτοῦ κατὰ σπουδὴν ἔρχεται
The prayer of the poor goes from his mouth to God's ears, and his judgment comes quickly.
Against proud houses Sirach places the poor man's prayer, heard quickly and answered without delay by God.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
δέησιςsupplicationN3I NSF · δέησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδέησις: meaning 'supplication'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πτωχοῦpoorN2 GSM · πτωχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὠτίωνearsN2N GPN · ὠτίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὠτίον: meaning 'ears'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M NSN · κρίμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σπουδὴνhasteN1 ASF · σπουδήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπουδή: meaning 'haste'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔρχεταιis comingV1 PMI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔρχομαι: meaning 'is coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
μισῶν ἐλεγμὸν ἐν ἴχνει ἁμαρτωλοῦ καὶ ὁ φοβούμενος κύριον ἐπιστρέψει ἐν καρδίᾳ
One who hates reproof walks in the track of sinners, but the one who fears the Lord will repent in his heart.
Reproof reveals character: the sinner resents it, but the God-fearer lets it become the occasion of inward turning.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μισῶνhatingV2 · παπνσμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ μισέω: meaning 'hating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλεγμὸνreproofN2 ASM · ἐλεγμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐλεγμός: meaning 'reproof'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἴχνειtrackN3E DSN · ἴχνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἴχνος: meaning 'track'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁμαρτωλοῦsinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβούμενοςfearingV2 · πμπνσμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φοβέω: meaning 'fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιστρέψειshall bring backVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall bring back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
7
γνωστὸς μακρόθεν ὁ δυνατὸς ἐν γλώσσῃ ὁ δὲ νοήμων οἶδεν ἐν τῷ ὀλισθάνειν αὐτόν
The mighty man in tongue is known from far away, but the intelligent man knows when he is slipping.
Verbal power is publicly visible, but true intelligence lies in recognizing one's own moral or rhetorical misstep.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
γνωστὸςknownA1 NSM · γνωστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνωστός: meaning 'known'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μακρόθενfrom afarD · μακρόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρόθεν: meaning 'from afar'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνατὸςmighty / strongA1 NSM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γλώσσῃtongueN1S DSF · γλῶσσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νοήμωνprudentA3N NSM · νοήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνοήμων: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀλισθάνεινslippingV1 PAN · ὀλισθαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλισθαίνω: meaning 'slipping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
ὁ οἰκοδομῶν τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ ἐν χρήμασιν ἀλλοτρίοις ὡς συνάγων αὐτοῦ τοὺς λίθους εἰς χειμῶνα
The one who builds his house with another's money is like one gathering his stones for winter.
A house raised on stolen resources is as ill-timed and futile as stockpiling stones for winter rather than shelter.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομῶνoikodomeoV2 · παπνσμ οἰκοδομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ οἰκοδομέω: meaning 'oikodomeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χρήμασινwealthN3M DPN · χρῆμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρῆμα: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλλοτρίοιςbelonging to othersA1A DPN · ἀλλότριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'belonging to others'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνάγωνπαπνσμ ἄγω συνV1 · παπνσμ ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἄγω + συν: meaning 'παπνσμ ἄγω συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθουςstoneN2 APM · λίθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειμῶναwinterN3W ASM · χειμώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχειμών: meaning 'winter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
στιππύον συνηγμένον συναγωγὴ ἀνόμων καὶ ἡ συντέλεια αὐτῶν φλὸξ πυρός
A bundle of tow gathered together is the assembly of the lawless, and their end is a flame of fire.
The lawless may gather densely, but they are only tinder bundled for their own fiery end.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
στιππύονtowN2N NSN · στιππύονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστιππύον: meaning 'tow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνηγμένονgatheredVK · χμπνσν ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσν ἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συναγωγὴassemblyN1 NSF · συναγωγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυναγωγή: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνόμωνlawlessA1B GPM · ἄνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντέλειαconsummationN1A NSF · συντέλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυντέλεια: meaning 'consummation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φλὸξa flameN3G NSF · φλόξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφλόξ: meaning 'a flame'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πυρόςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
10
ὁδὸς ἁμαρτωλῶν ὡμαλισμένη ἐκ λίθων καὶ ἐπ' ἐσχάτων αὐτῆς βόθρος ᾅδου
The way of sinners is made smooth with stones, but at its end is the pit of Hades.
The sinner's road looks smooth at first, yet its apparent ease conceals a terminus in death.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁδὸςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμαρτωλῶνof sinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'of sinners'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡμαλισμένηsmoothedVT · χμπνσφ ὁμαλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσφ ὁμαλίζω: meaning 'smoothed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λίθωνstoneN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτωνlatter endA1 GPN · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'latter end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βόθροςpitN2 NSM · βόθροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβόθρος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾅδουto HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾅδης: meaning 'to Hades'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
ὁ φυλάσσων νόμον κατακρατεῖ τοῦ ἐννοήματος αὐτοῦ καὶ συντέλεια τοῦ φόβου κυρίου σοφία
The one who keeps the law gains control of his purpose, and the completion of the fear of the Lord is wisdom.
Law-keeping steadies intention, and the fear of the Lord reaches its mature form in wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάσσωνkeepingV1 · παπνσμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'keeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατακρατεῖgains controlV2 PAI3S · κρατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρατέω + κατα: meaning 'gains control'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐννοήματοςpurposeN3M GSN · ἐννόημαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐννόημα: meaning 'purpose'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντέλειαconsummationN1A NSF · συντέλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυντέλεια: meaning 'consummation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
12
οὐ παιδευθήσεται ὃς οὐκ ἔστιν πανοῦργος ἔστιν δὲ πανουργία πληθύνουσα πικρίαν
The one who is not crafty will not be instructed, but there is a kind of craftiness that multiplies bitterness.
Sirach plays on forms of cleverness, distinguishing teachability from a bitter cunning that only deepens disorder.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδευθήσεταιwill be instructedVC FPI3S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαιδεύω: meaning 'will be instructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πανοῦργοςshrewdA1B NSM · πανοῦργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπανοῦργος: meaning 'shrewd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πανουργίαcunningN1A NSF · πανουργίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπανουργία: meaning 'cunning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πληθύνουσαmultiplyingV1 · παπνσφ πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ πληθύνω: meaning 'multiplying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πικρίανbitternessN1A ASF · πικρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπικρία: meaning 'bitterness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
γνῶσις σοφοῦ ὡς κατακλυσμὸς πληθυνθήσεται καὶ ἡ βουλὴ αὐτοῦ ὡς πηγὴ ζωῆς
The knowledge of the wise will increase like a flood, and his counsel is like a spring of life.
The wise man's knowledge does not stagnate; it swells and becomes a life-giving source for others.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
γνῶσιςknowledgeN3I NSF · γνῶσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφοῦwiseA1 GSM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακλυσμὸςfloodN2 NSM · κατακλυσμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκατακλυσμός: meaning 'flood'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πληθυνθήσεταιwill be multipliedVC FPI3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπληθύνω: meaning 'will be multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πηγὴspringN1 NSF · πηγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
ἔγκατα μωροῦ ὡς ἀγγεῖον συντετριμμένον καὶ πᾶσαν γνῶσιν οὐ κρατήσει
The inward parts of a fool are like a broken vessel, and he will hold no knowledge at all.
The fool cannot retain wisdom because his interior life is fractured like a shattered jar.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἔγκαταinward partsP · ἔγκαταpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔγκατα: meaning 'inward parts'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μωροῦfoolA1A GSM · μωρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμωρός: meaning 'fool'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγγεῖονvesselN2N NSN · ἀγγεῖονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγγεῖον: meaning 'vessel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συντετριμμένονbrokenVP · χμπνσν τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσν τρίβω + συν: meaning 'broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρατήσειwill seizeVF FAI3S · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρατέω: meaning 'will seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
λόγον σοφὸν ἐὰν ἀκούσῃ ἐπιστήμων αἰνέσει αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπ' αὐτὸν προσθήσει ἤκουσεν ὁ σπαταλῶν καὶ ἀπήρεσεν αὐτῷ καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν αὐτὸν ὀπίσω τοῦ νώτου αὐτοῦ
If an understanding person hears a wise word, he will praise it and add it to himself; the wastrel heard it and it displeased him, and he threw it behind his back.
The teachable person receives wise speech as an addition to himself, while the dissipated hearer rejects it with contempt.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σοφὸνwiseA1 ASM · σοφόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούσῃhearVA AAS3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιστήμωνunderstandingA3N NSM · ἐπιστήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιστήμων: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἰνέσειwill praiseVF FAI3S · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰνέω: meaning 'will praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσθήσειcontinue / addVF FAI3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι + προς: meaning 'continue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἤκουσενheardVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπαταλῶνwastrelV3 · παπνσμ σπαταλάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ σπαταλάω: meaning 'wastrel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήρεσενdispleasedVAI AAI3S · ἀρέσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀρέσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'displeased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστρεψενreturnedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀπίσωafter / behindD · ὀπίσωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νώτουnotonN2N GSN · νῶτονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνῶτον: meaning 'noton'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
ἐξήγησις μωροῦ ὡς ἐν ὁδῷ φορτίον ἐπὶ δὲ χείλους συνετοῦ εὑρεθήσεται χάρις
The explanation of a fool is like a burden on the road, but on the lips of the prudent grace will be found.
The fool's explanation weighs down conversation, whereas prudent speech carries attractiveness and fittingness.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐξήγησιςexplanationN3I NSF · ἐξήγησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐξήγησις: meaning 'explanation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μωροῦfoolA1A GSM · μωρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμωρός: meaning 'fool'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φορτίονburdenN2N NSN · φορτίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφορτίον: meaning 'burden'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χείλουςbankN3E GSN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'bank'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συνετοῦprudentA1 GSM · συνετόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυνετός: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὑρεθήσεταιshall be foundVC FPI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'shall be found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
17
στόμα φρονίμου ζητηθήσεται ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ καὶ τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ διανοηθήσονται ἐν καρδίᾳ
The mouth of the prudent will be sought in the assembly, and they will ponder his words in their heart.
In the assembly the prudent are sought out, and their words remain active in others by entering the heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρονίμουof the prudentA1B GSM · φρόνιμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρόνιμος: meaning 'of the prudent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζητηθήσεταιshall be soughtVC FPI3S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζητέω: meaning 'shall be sought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐκκλησίᾳassemblyN1A DSF · ἐκκλησίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διανοηθήσονταιwill ponderVC FPI3P · νοέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureνοέομαι + δια: meaning 'will ponder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
18
ὡς οἶκος ἠφανισμένος οὕτως μωρῷ σοφία καὶ γνῶσις ἀσυνέτου ἀδιεξέταστοι λόγοι
Like a ruined house, so wisdom is to a fool, and the knowledge of the senseless is incoherent words.
Wisdom in a fool is as unusable as a demolished house, and his supposed knowledge dissolves into unworkable speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠφανισμένοςruinedVT · χμπνσμ ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'ruined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μωρῷfoolishA1A DSM · μωρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμωρός: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶσιςknowledgeN3I NSF · γνῶσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσυνέτουsenselessA1B GSM · ἀσύνετοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσύνετος: meaning 'senseless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀδιεξέταστοιincoherentA1B NPM · ἀδιεξέταστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδιεξέταστος: meaning 'incoherent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
19
πέδαι ἐν ποσὶν ἀνοήτου παιδεία καὶ ὡς χειροπέδαι ἐπὶ χειρὸς δεξιᾶς
Instruction is fetters on the feet of the foolish, and like handcuffs upon the right hand.
For the senseless, discipline feels restrictive rather than liberating because folly experiences correction as bondage.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πέδαιfettersN1 NPF · πέδηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπέδη: meaning 'fetters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ποσὶνfeetN3D DPM · πούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνοήτουsenselessA1B GSM · ἀνόητοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνόητος: meaning 'senseless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χειροπέδαιhandcuffsN1 NPF · χειροπέδηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχειροπέδη: meaning 'handcuffs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δεξιᾶςright handA1A GSF · δεξιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
μωρὸς ἐν γέλωτι ἀνυψοῖ φωνὴν αὐτοῦ ἀνὴρ δὲ πανοῦργος μόλις ἡσυχῇ μειδιάσει
A fool raises his voice in laughter, but a shrewd man will scarcely smile quietly.
Loud laughter marks the fool's lack of measure, while the prudent person's expression remains governed and restrained.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μωρὸςfoolishA1A NSM · μωρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμωρός: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γέλωτιin laughterN3T DSM · γέλωςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγέλως: meaning 'in laughter'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνυψοῖlifts up / exaltsV4 PAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὑψόω + ἀνα: meaning 'lifts up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πανοῦργοςshrewdA1B NSM · πανοῦργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπανοῦργος: meaning 'shrewd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μόλιςwith difficultyD · μόλιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμόλις: meaning 'with difficulty'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡσυχῇησυχηD · ἡσυχῇadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡσυχῇ: meaning 'ησυχη'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μειδιάσειsmileVF FAI3S · μειδιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμειδιάω: meaning 'smile'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
ὡς κόσμος χρυσοῦς φρονίμῳ παιδεία καὶ ὡς χλιδὼν ἐπὶ βραχίονι δεξιῷ
Instruction is like a golden ornament to the prudent, and like a bracelet on the right arm.
To the prudent, instruction is not a restraint but an adornment that fits and honors the one who wears it.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόσμοςworldN2 NSM · κόσμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόσμος: meaning 'world'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρυσοῦςgoldenA1C NSM · χρυσοῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρονίμῳwise oneA1B DSM · φρόνιμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφρόνιμος: meaning 'wise one'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χλιδὼνbraceletN3N NSM · χλιδῶνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχλιδῶν: meaning 'bracelet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βραχίονιβραχίωνN3N DSM · βραχίωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβραχίων: meaning 'βραχίων'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δεξιῷrightA1A DSM · δεξιόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεξιός: meaning 'right'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
22
ποὺς μωροῦ ταχὺς εἰς οἰκίαν ἄνθρωπος δὲ πολύπειρος αἰσχυνθήσεται ἀπὸ προσώπου
A fool's foot is quick into a house, but a much-experienced man will feel shame before entering.
The fool rushes into another's space, but the seasoned person is held back by a sense of shame and propriety.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ποὺςfootN3 NSM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μωροῦfoolA1A GSM · μωρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμωρός: meaning 'fool'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ταχὺςταχυςA3U NSM · ταχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταχύς: meaning 'ταχυς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολύπειροςmuch-experiencedA1B NSM · πολύπειροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύπειρος: meaning 'much-experienced'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἰσχυνθήσεταιaischynoVC FPI3S · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰσχύνω: meaning 'aischyno'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
23
ἄφρων ἀπὸ θύρας παρακύπτει εἰς οἰκίαν ἀνὴρ δὲ πεπαιδευμένος ἔξω στήσεται
A senseless man peers through the door into a house, but a trained man will stand outside.
Peering through the doorway dramatizes folly as invasive curiosity, the opposite of trained reserve.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θύραςdoor / gateN1A GSF · θύραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρακύπτειpeersV1 PAI3S · κύπτω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκύπτω + παρα: meaning 'peers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεπαιδευμένοςdisciplinedVM · χμπνσμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ παιδεύω: meaning 'disciplined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξω: meaning 'exo'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στήσεταιstoodVF FMI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
ἀπαιδευσία ἀνθρώπου ἀκροᾶσθαι παρὰ θύραν ὁ δὲ φρόνιμος βαρυνθήσεται ἀτιμίᾳ
It is a person's lack of discipline to listen at the door, but the prudent man will be burdened by the dishonor.
Listening at the door is named as sheer lack of formation, something the prudent person feels as social disgrace.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπαιδευσίαlack of disciplineN1A NSF · ἀπαιδευσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπαιδευσία: meaning 'lack of discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀκροᾶσθαιto listenV3 PMN · ἀκροάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀκροάομαι: meaning 'to listen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θύρανdoorN1A ASF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνιμοςprudentA1B NSM · φρόνιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνιμος: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βαρυνθήσεταιgrow weary / heavyVC FPI3S · βαρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαρύνω: meaning 'grow weary'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀτιμίᾳdishonorN1A DSF · ἀτιμίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
25
χείλη ἀλλοτρίων ἐν τούτοις διηγήσονται λόγοι δὲ φρονίμων ἐν ζυγῷ σταθήσονται
The lips of strangers will chatter about these things, but the words of the wise will be weighed in a balance.
Common talk spills loosely, but wise speech is weighed, proportioned, and accountable.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
χείληlipsN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλοτρίωνallotriosA1A GPM · ἀλλότριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrios'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τούτοιςthisRD DPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διηγήσονταιἡγέομαι + διαVF FMI3P · ἡγέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἡγέομαι + δια: meaning 'ἡγέομαι + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρονίμωνwiseA1B GPM · φρόνιμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρόνιμος: meaning 'wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ζυγῷyokeN2 DSM · ζυγόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σταθήσονταιwill standVC FPI3P · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι: meaning 'will stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
ἐν στόματι μωρῶν ἡ καρδία αὐτῶν καρδία δὲ σοφῶν στόμα αὐτῶν
The heart of fools is in their mouth, but the mouth of the wise is in their heart.
Fools let the heart spill ungoverned through the mouth, whereas the wise speak only after the heart has governed speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μωρῶνfoolsA1A GPM · μωρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμωρός: meaning 'fools'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφῶνwiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
27
ἐν τῷ καταρᾶσθαι ἀσεβῆ τὸν σατανᾶν αὐτὸς καταρᾶται τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν
When the ungodly curses the Adversary, he curses his own soul.
Malicious cursing rebounds onto the speaker himself, turning ungodly speech into self-invoked harm.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταρᾶσθαιto curseV3 PMN · ἀράομαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀράομαι + κατα: meaning 'to curse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβῆungodlyA3H ASM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σατανᾶνAdversaryN1T ASM · σατανᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσατανᾶς: meaning 'Adversary'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταρᾶταιcursesV3 PMI3S · ἀράομαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀράομαι + κατα: meaning 'curses'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
28
μολύνει τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχὴν ὁ ψιθυρίζων καὶ ἐν παροικήσει μισηθήσεται
The whisperer defiles his own soul, and in the place where he lives he will be hated.
Whispering corrupts the speaker inwardly and outwardly, leaving him hated in the very community where he lives.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μολύνειdefilesV1 PAI3S · μολύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμολύνω: meaning 'defiles'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψιθυρίζωνwhisperingV1 · παπνσμ ψιθυρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ψιθυρίζω: meaning 'whispering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παροικήσειplace of sojourningN3E DSF · παροίκησιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαροίκησις: meaning 'place of sojourning'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μισηθήσεταιwill be hatedVC FPI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμισέω: meaning 'will be hated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.