1
κύριε πάτερ καὶ δέσποτα ζωῆς μου μὴ ἐγκαταλίπῃς με ἐν βουλῇ αὐτῶν μὴ ἀφῇς με πεσεῖν ἐν αὐτοῖς
Lord, Father and Master of my life, do not abandon me to their counsel, and do not let me fall by their schemes.
Begins with direct dependence on God, asking first for preservation from consenting to destructive counsel.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
πάτερfatherN3 VSM · πατήρvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέσποταmasterN1M VSM · δεσπότηςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressδεσπότης: meaning 'master'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλίπῃςabandonVB AAS2S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'abandon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βουλῇcounselN1 DSF · βουλήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφῇςlet goVH AAS2S · ἵημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'let go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεσεῖνfallVB AAN · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
τίς ἐπιστήσει ἐπὶ τοῦ διανοήματός μου μάστιγας καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς καρδίας μου παιδείαν σοφίας ἵνα ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγνοήμασίν μου μὴ φείσωνται καὶ οὐ μὴ παρῇ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτῶν
Who will set whips over my mind and wise discipline over my heart, so that they will not spare me for my ignorances and my sins will not pass by me?
Sirach asks for correction not at the surface only but at the level of thought and heart before sins mature.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπιστήσειwill setVF FAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'will set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διανοήματόςmindN3M GSN · διανόημαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιανόημα: meaning 'mind'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μάστιγαςscourgeN3G APF · μάστιξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάστιξ: meaning 'scourge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγνοήμασίνerrors of ignoranceN3M DPN · ἀγνόημαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγνόημα: meaning 'errors of ignorance'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φείσωνταιspareVA AMS3P · φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφείδομαι: meaning 'spare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρῇcomes uponV9 PAS3S · εἰμί + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἰμί + παρα: meaning 'comes upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτήματαoffensesN3M APN · ἁμάρτημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμάρτημα: meaning 'offenses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ὅπως μὴ πληθυνθῶσιν αἱ ἄγνοιαί μου καὶ αἱ ἁμαρτίαι μου πλεονάσωσιν καὶ πεσοῦμαι ἔναντι τῶν ὑπεναντίων καὶ ἐπιχαρεῖταί μοι ὁ ἐχθρός μου
Lest my ignorances be multiplied and my sins abound, and I fall before my adversaries and my enemy rejoice over me.
Uncorrected ignorance is dangerous because it multiplies into public humiliation and enemy triumph.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληθυνθῶσινπληθυνθῶσινVC APS3P · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπληθύνω: meaning 'πληθυνθῶσιν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄγνοιαίignorancesN1A NPF · ἄγνοιαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγνοια: meaning 'ignorances'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιsinN1A NPF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλεονάσωσινaboundVA AAS3P · πλεονάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπλεονάζω: meaning 'abound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσοῦμαιI will fallVF FMI1S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'I will fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπεναντίωνadversariesA1A GPM · ὑπεναντίοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑπεναντίος: meaning 'adversaries'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιχαρεῖταίwill rejoice overVF2 FMI3S · χαίρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχαίρω + ἐπι: meaning 'will rejoice over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρόςenemyA1A NSM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
κύριε πάτερ καὶ θεὲ ζωῆς μου μετεωρισμὸν ὀφθαλμῶν μὴ δῷς μοι
Lord, Father and God of my life, do not give me haughty eyes.
Haughty eyes stand for the outward posture of self-exaltation that must be denied at the source.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
πάτερfatherN3 VSM · πατήρvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεὲGodN2 VSM · θεόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετεωρισμὸνarroganceN2 ASM · μετεωρισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμετεωρισμός: meaning 'arrogance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν ἀπόστρεψον ἀπ' ἐμοῦ
And turn desire away from me.
The petition narrows from proud sight to inward appetite, asking God to turn desire itself away.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθυμίανdesireN1A ASF · ἐπιθυμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπόστρεψονturn awayVA AAD2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
κοιλίας ὄρεξις καὶ συνουσιασμὸς μὴ καταλαβέτωσάν με καὶ ψυχῇ ἀναιδεῖ μὴ παραδῷς με
Let not appetite of the belly and sexual intercourse seize me, and do not hand me over to a shameless soul.
Belly and sexual appetite are treated as powers that can seize the person unless God restrains them.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὄρεξιςdesireN3I NSF · ὄρεξιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρεξις: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνουσιασμὸςsexual intercourseN2 NSM · συνουσιασμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυνουσιασμός: meaning 'sexual intercourse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλαβέτωσάνlet them seizeVB AAD3P · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'let them seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀναιδεῖshamelessA3H DSF · ἀναιδήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀναιδής: meaning 'shameless'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
παιδείαν στόματος ἀκούσατε τέκνα καὶ ὁ φυλάσσων οὐ μὴ ἁλῷ
Children, hear instruction concerning the mouth; the one who keeps it will never be caught.
Sirach now turns from prayer to teaching, making mastery of the mouth the first school of moral safety.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τέκναchildrenN2N VPN · τέκνονvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάσσωνkeepingV1 · παπνσμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'keeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁλῷis caughtVZ AAS3S · ἁλίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἁλίσκω: meaning 'is caught'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
ἐν τοῖς χείλεσιν αὐτοῦ καταληφθήσεται ἁμαρτωλός καὶ λοίδορος καὶ ὑπερήφανος σκανδαλισθήσονται ἐν αὐτοῖς
The sinner will be caught by his lips, and the reviler and the proud will stumble by them.
The lips become the place where sinner, reviler, and proud man are caught by what they themselves produce.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείλεσινlipN3E DPN · χεῖλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lip'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταληφθήσεταιwill be caughtVV FPI3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'will be caught'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτωλόςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λοίδοροςrevilingA1B NSM · λοίδοροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλοίδορος: meaning 'reviling'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερήφανοςuperephanosA1B NSM · ὑπερήφανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπερήφανος: meaning 'uperephanos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σκανδαλισθήσονταιwill stumbleVS FPI3P · σκανδαλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκανδαλίζω: meaning 'will stumble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
ὅρκῳ μὴ ἐθίσῃς τὸ στόμα σου καὶ ὀνομασίᾳ τοῦ ἁγίου μὴ συνεθισθῇς
Do not accustom your mouth to an oath, and do not become used to naming the Holy One.
Habitual swearing and casual use of the holy name deform reverence and train the mouth toward sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅρκῳhorkoN2 DSM · ὅρκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅρκος: meaning 'horko'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθίσῃςaccustomVA AAS2S · ἐθίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐθίζω: meaning 'accustom'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνομασίᾳnamingN1A DSF · ὀνομασίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀνομασία: meaning 'naming'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουholyA1A GSM · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεθισθῇςbe habituatedVS APS2S · ἐθίζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐθίζω + συν: meaning 'be habituated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ὥσπερ γὰρ οἰκέτης ἐξεταζόμενος ἐνδελεχῶς ἀπὸ μώλωπος οὐκ ἐλαττωθήσεται οὕτως καὶ ὁ ὀμνύων καὶ ὀνομάζων διὰ παντὸς ἀπὸ ἁμαρτίας οὐ μὴ καθαρισθῇ
For just as a servant examined continually will not be free from bruising, so also the one who swears and names God constantly will not be cleansed from sin.
Just as constant examination leaves bruises, constant swearing leaves no one morally unharmed or innocent.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκέτηςservantN1M NSM · οἰκέτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰκέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξεταζόμενοςbeing examinedV1 · πμπνσμ ἐτάζω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἐτάζω + ἐκ: meaning 'being examined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνδελεχῶςcontinuallyD · ἐνδελεχῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐνδελεχῶς: meaning 'continually'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μώλωποςbruiseN3P GSM · μώλωψgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμώλωψ: meaning 'bruise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαττωθήσεταιbe freeVC FPI3S · ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλαττόω: meaning 'be free'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀμνύωνswearingV5 · παπνσμ ὄμνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὄμνυμι: meaning 'swearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνομάζωνnamingV1 · παπνσμ ὀνομάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὀνομάζω: meaning 'naming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαρισθῇmay be cleansedVS APS3S · καθαρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκαθαρίζω: meaning 'may be cleansed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
ἀνὴρ πολύορκος πλησθήσεται ἀνομίας καὶ οὐκ ἀποστήσεται ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ μάστιξ ἐὰν πλημμελήσῃ ἁμαρτία αὐτοῦ ἐπ' αὐτῷ κἂν ὑπερίδῃ ἥμαρτεν δισσῶς καὶ εἰ διὰ κενῆς ὤμοσεν οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πλησθήσεται γὰρ ἐπαγωγῶν ὁ οἶκος αὐτοῦ
A much-swearing man will be filled with lawlessness, and the scourge will not depart from his house. If he sins, his sin is upon him; and if he overlooks it, he has sinned doubly; and if he swore vainly, he will not be justified, for his house will be filled with calamities.
Repeated swearing corrupts the household, and whether one sins knowingly, negligently, or vainly, guilt still accumulates.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολύορκοςmuch-swearingA1B NSM · πολύορκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύορκος: meaning 'much-swearing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλησθήσεταιwill be filledVS FPI3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι: meaning 'will be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστήσεταιshall departVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'shall depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μάστιξwhipN3G NSF · μάστιξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάστιξ: meaning 'whip'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλημμελήσῃoffendVA AAS3S · πλημμελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπλημμελέω: meaning 'offend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτίαsinN1A NSF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κἂνeven ifC+X · καί̈ἄνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἂν: meaning 'even if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερίδῃoverlookVB AAS3S · ὁράω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω + ὑπερ: meaning 'overlook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἥμαρτενsinVBI AAI3S · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'sin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δισσῶςdoublyD · δισσῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδισσῶς: meaning 'doubly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κενῆςcauseA1 GSF · κενόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκενός: meaning 'cause'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὤμοσενsworeVAI AAI3S · ὄμνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὄμνυμι: meaning 'swore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιωθήσεταιwill be justifiedVC FPI3S · δικαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδικαιόω: meaning 'will be justified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλησθήσεταιwill be filledVS FPI3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι: meaning 'will be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαγωγῶνcalamitiesN1 GPF · ἐπαγωγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπαγωγή: meaning 'calamities'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ἔστιν λέξις ἀντιπαραβεβλημένη θανάτῳ μὴ εὑρεθήτω ἐν κληρονομίᾳ Ιακωβ ἀπὸ γὰρ εὐσεβῶν ταῦτα πάντα ἀποστήσεται καὶ ἐν ἁμαρτίαις οὐκ ἐγκυλισθήσονται
There is a manner of speech matched with death; may it not be found in the inheritance of Jacob. For all such things will keep far from the godly, and they will not wallow in sins.
Deadly speech does not belong among the godly inheritance; covenant life should repel rather than absorb it.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέξιςspeechN3I NSF · λέξιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέξις: meaning 'speech'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀντιπαραβεβλημένηmatchedVM · χμπνσφ βάλλω + ἀντι παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσφ βάλλω + ἀντι παρα: meaning 'matched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θανάτῳdeathN2 DSM · θάνατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρεθήτωlet it be foundVC APD3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὑρίσκω: meaning 'let it be found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κληρονομίᾳinheritanceN1A DSF · κληρονομίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐσεβῶνgodlyA3H GPM · εὐσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσεβής: meaning 'godly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀποστήσεταιshall departVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'shall depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκυλισθήσονταιwill wallowVS FPI3P · κυλίω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκυλίω + ἐν: meaning 'will wallow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
ἀπαιδευσίαν ἀσυρῆ μὴ συνεθίσῃς τὸ στόμα σου ἔστιν γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ λόγος ἁμαρτίας
Do not train your mouth in coarse lack of discipline, for in it there is sinful speech.
Coarse speech is not harmless style but a training ground for further sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀπαιδευσίανlack of disciplineN1A ASF · ἀπαιδευσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπαιδευσία: meaning 'lack of discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσυρῆcoarseA3H ASF · ἀσυρήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσυρής: meaning 'coarse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεθίσῃςtrainVA AAS2S · ἐθίζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐθίζω + συν: meaning 'train'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
μνήσθητι πατρὸς καὶ μητρός σου ἀνὰ μέσον γὰρ μεγιστάνων συνεδρεύεις μήποτε ἐπιλάθῃ ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν καὶ τῷ ἐθισμῷ σου μωρανθῇς καὶ θελήσεις εἰ μὴ ἐγεννήθης καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ τοκετοῦ σου καταράσῃ
Remember your father and your mother, for you sit among great men; lest you forget yourself before them, and by your habit become foolish, and wish you had not been born, and curse the day of your birth.
Remembering one's parents and station guards against the folly that comes from verbal habit in high company.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μητρόςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγιστάνωνnobles / great onesN3 GPM · μεγιστάνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμεγιστάν: meaning 'nobles'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συνεδρεύειςsit amongV1 PAI2S · ἑδρεύω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἑδρεύω + συν: meaning 'sit among'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθῃforgetVB AAS3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθισμῷhabitN2 DSM · ἐθισμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐθισμός: meaning 'habit'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μωρανθῇςbecome foolishVC APS2S · μωραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμωραίνω: meaning 'become foolish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θελήσειςyou will wishVF FAI2S · θέλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθέλω: meaning 'you will wish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγεννήθηςyou were bornVCI API2S · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγεννάω: meaning 'you were born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοκετοῦbirthN2 GSM · τοκετόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτοκετός: meaning 'birth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταράσῃcurseVF FMI2S · ἀράομαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀράομαι + κατα: meaning 'curse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
ἄνθρωπος συνεθιζόμενος λόγοις ὀνειδισμοῦ ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ παιδευθῇ
A man accustomed to words of reproach will never be instructed all his days.
A life shaped by reproachful speech becomes resistant to instruction because abuse has become second nature.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνεθιζόμενοςaccustomedV1 · πμπνσμ ἐθίζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἐθίζω + συν: meaning 'accustomed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀνειδισμοῦoneidismosN2 GSM · ὀνειδισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'oneidismos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσαιςall / everyA1S DPF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδευθῇbe instructedVC APS3S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπαιδεύω: meaning 'be instructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
δύο εἴδη πληθύνουσιν ἁμαρτίας καὶ τὸ τρίτον ἐπάξει ὀργήν
Two kinds of people multiply sins, and the third will bring wrath.
The saying introduces the next focus by signaling escalating kinds of sin that culminate in divine wrath.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴδηkindsN3E NPN · εἶδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεἶδος: meaning 'kinds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πληθύνουσινmultiplyV1 PAI3P · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπληθύνω: meaning 'multiply'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτονthirdA1 NSN · τρίτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπάξειwill bringVF FAI3S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'will bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀργήνὀργήN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'ὀργή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
17
ψυχὴ θερμὴ ὡς πῦρ καιόμενον οὐ μὴ σβεσθῇ ἕως ἂν καταποθῇ ἄνθρωπος πόρνος ἐν σώματι σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ παύσηται ἕως ἂν ἐκκαύσῃ πῦρ ἀνθρώπῳ πόρνῳ πᾶς ἄρτος ἡδύς οὐ μὴ κοπάσῃ ἕως ἂν τελευτήσῃ
A burning passion like blazing fire will not be quenched until it is consumed. A fornicator in the body of his flesh will not cease until the fire burns out; for the fornicator every bread is sweet, and he will not stop until he dies.
Sexual appetite is portrayed as fire: it keeps feeding until it consumes the one who indulges it.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θερμὴburningA1 NSF · θερμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθερμός: meaning 'burning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καιόμενονburningV1 · πμπνσν καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσν καίω: meaning 'burning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σβεσθῇbe quenchedVS APS3S · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσβέννυμι: meaning 'be quenched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταποθῇbe consumedV2 PAS3S · ποθέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποθέω + κατα: meaning 'be consumed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πόρνοςfornicatorN2 NSM · πόρνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόρνος: meaning 'fornicator'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σώματιbodyN3M DSN · σῶμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σαρκὸςfleshN3K GSF · σάρξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παύσηταιceaseVA AMS3S · παύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπαύω: meaning 'cease'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκαύσῃburns outVA AAI3S · καύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαύω + ἐκ: meaning 'burns out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πόρνῳto the fornicatorN2 DSM · πόρνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόρνος: meaning 'to the fornicator'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄρτοςbreadN2 NSM · ἄρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡδύςsweetA3U NSM · ἡδύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡδύς: meaning 'sweet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοπάσῃstopVA AAS3S · κοπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκοπάζω: meaning 'stop'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τελευτήσῃdiesVA AAS3S · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτελευτάω: meaning 'dies'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
ἄνθρωπος παραβαίνων ἀπὸ τῆς κλίνης αὐτοῦ λέγων ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτοῦ τίς με ὁρᾷ σκότος κύκλῳ μου καὶ οἱ τοῖχοί με καλύπτουσιν καὶ οὐθείς με ὁρᾷ τί εὐλαβοῦμαι τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν μου οὐ μὴ μνησθήσεται ὁ ὕψιστος
A man transgressing from his own bed says in his soul, 'Who sees me? Darkness is around me, and the walls cover me, and no one sees me. Why should I fear? The Most High will not remember my sins.'
The adulterer rehearses the classic illusion that darkness and privacy erase accountability before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παραβαίνωνbreakingV1 · παπνσμ βαίνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βαίνω + παρα: meaning 'breaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηςbedN1 GSF · κλίνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκλίνη: meaning 'bed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁρᾷseeV3 PAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκότοςdarknessN3E NSN · σκότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'around'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῖχοίwallsN2 NPM · τοῖχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτοῖχος: meaning 'walls'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καλύπτουσινconcealV1 PAI3P · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαλύπτω: meaning 'conceal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐθείςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁρᾷseeV3 PAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐλαβοῦμαιshould I fearV2 PMI1S · εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'should I fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinN1A GPF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνησθήσεταιhe will rememberVS FPI3S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμιμνήσκω: meaning 'he will remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψιστοςMost HighA1 NSM · ὕψιστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
19
καὶ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἀνθρώπων ὁ φόβος αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἔγνω ὅτι ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου μυριοπλασίως ἡλίου φωτεινότεροι ἐπιβλέποντες πάσας ὁδοὺς ἀνθρώπων καὶ κατανοοῦντες εἰς ἀπόκρυφα μέρη
And the fear of man is before his eyes, and he did not know that the eyes of the Lord are ten thousand times brighter than the sun, looking upon all the ways of men and perceiving the hidden places.
Against fear of human eyes Sirach sets the Lord's immeasurably brighter sight, which penetrates even hidden spaces.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μυριοπλασίωςten thousand timesD · μυριοπλασίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμυριοπλασίως: meaning 'ten thousand times'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡλίουηλιοςN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἥλιος: meaning 'ηλιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φωτεινότεροιbrighterA1 NPMC · φωτεινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωτεινός: meaning 'brighter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπιβλέποντεςlooking uponV1 · παπνπμ βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ βλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'looking upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατανοοῦντεςperceivingV2 · παπνπμ νοέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ νοέω + κατα: meaning 'perceiving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπόκρυφαhiddenA1B APN · ἀπόκρυφοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπόκρυφος: meaning 'hidden'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μέρηflanksN3E APN · μέροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέρος: meaning 'flanks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
πρὶν ἢ κτισθῆναι τὰ πάντα ἔγνωσται αὐτῷ οὕτως καὶ μετὰ τὸ συντελεσθῆναι
Before all things were created they are known to him, and so also after they are completed.
God's knowledge precedes creation and outlasts completion, so secrecy is impossible not only morally but metaphysically.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρὶν: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτισθῆναιbe createdVS APN · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκτίζω: meaning 'be created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔγνωσταιthey are knownVT XMI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγιγνώσκω: meaning 'they are known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντελεσθῆναιto be completedVS APN · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτελέω + συν: meaning 'to be completed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
οὗτος ἐν πλατείαις πόλεως ἐκδικηθήσεται καὶ οὗ οὐχ ὑπενόησεν πιασθήσεται
This man will be punished in the streets of the city, and where he did not suspect he will be seized.
The sinner who counted on concealment is overtaken in precisely the place where he assumed safety.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλατείαιςstreetsA3U DPF · πλατύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλατύς: meaning 'streets'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκδικηθήσεταιshall be punishedVC FPI3S · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπενόησενsuspectedVAI AAI3S · νοέω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνοέω + ὑπο: meaning 'suspected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πιασθήσεταιwill be seizedVS FPI3S · πιέζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπιέζω: meaning 'will be seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
οὕτως καὶ γυνὴ καταλιποῦσα τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ παριστῶσα κληρονόμον ἐξ ἀλλοτρίου
So also a woman who leaves her husband and presents an heir from another man.
The adulterous wife now stands as the parallel case through which household betrayal is unfolded.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καταλιποῦσαleavingVB · ααπνσφ λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσφ λείπω + κατα: meaning 'leaving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παριστῶσαpresentingVH · ααπνσφ ἵστημι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσφ ἵστημι + παρα: meaning 'presenting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κληρονόμονheirN2 ASM · κληρονόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκληρονόμος: meaning 'heir'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀλλοτρίουallotrioyA1A GSM · ἀλλότριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrioy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
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πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ἐν νόμῳ ὑψίστου ἠπείθησεν καὶ δεύτερον εἰς ἄνδρα αὐτῆς ἐπλημμέλησεν καὶ τὸ τρίτον ἐν πορνείᾳ ἐμοιχεύθη καὶ ἐξ ἀλλοτρίου ἀνδρὸς τέκνα παρέστησεν
For first she disobeyed the law of the Most High, and second she trespassed against her husband, and third in fornication she committed adultery and brought in children by another man.
Her adultery is interpreted as layered rebellion: against God's law, against husband, and against the household's integrity.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
πρῶτονfirstD · πρῶτονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρῶτον: meaning 'first'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἠπείθησενdisobeyedVAI AAI3S · ἀπειθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀπειθέω: meaning 'disobeyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεύτερονsecondA1A ASN · δεύτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδεύτερος: meaning 'second'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπλημμέλησενtrespassedVAI AAI3S · πλημμελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπλημμελέω: meaning 'trespassed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτονthirdA1 ASN · τρίτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πορνείᾳsexual immoralityN1A DSF · πορνείαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπορνεία: meaning 'sexual immorality'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐμοιχεύθηcommitted adulteryVCI API3S · μοιχεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμοιχεύω: meaning 'committed adultery'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀλλοτρίουallotrioyA1A GSM · ἀλλότριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrioy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρέστησενbrought inVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + παρα: meaning 'brought in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
αὕτη εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐξαχθήσεται καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς ἐπισκοπὴ ἔσται
This woman will be brought out before the assembly, and there will be visitation upon her children.
What was pursued in secrecy becomes public assembly business, and the consequences extend to the children.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐκκλησίανassemblyN1A ASF · ἐκκλησίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξαχθήσεταιwill be brought outVQ FPI3S · ἄγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'will be brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπισκοπὴvisitationN1 NSF · ἐπισκοπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπισκοπή: meaning 'visitation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
οὐ διαδώσουσιν τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς εἰς ῥίζαν καὶ οἱ κλάδοι αὐτῆς οὐκ οἴσουσιν καρπόν
Her children will not put forth roots, and her branches will not bear fruit.
Illicit offspring and household legacy are pictured as rootless and barren under judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαδώσουσινwill put forthVF FAI3P · δίδωμι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + δια: meaning 'will put forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ῥίζανrootN1S ASF · ῥίζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλάδοιbranchesN2 NPM · κλάδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκλάδος: meaning 'branches'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴσουσινthey will bringVF FAI3P · φέρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφέρω: meaning 'they will bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρπόνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
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καταλείψει εἰς κατάραν τὸ μνημόσυνον αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ ὄνειδος αὐτῆς οὐκ ἐξαλειφθήσεται
She will leave her memory for a curse, and her disgrace will not be blotted out.
The disgrace of adultery outlives the act, staining memory itself with a curse.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καταλείψειleave behindVF FAI3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + κατα: meaning 'leave behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κατάρανcurseN1A ASF · κατάραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκατάρα: meaning 'curse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N ASN · μνημόσυνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memorial'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνειδοςoneidosN3E NSN · ὄνειδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνειδος: meaning 'oneidos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαλειφθήσεταιwill be wiped awayVV FPI3S · ἀλείφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλείφω + ἐκ: meaning 'will be wiped away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
καὶ ἐπιγνώσονται οἱ καταλειφθέντες ὅτι οὐθὲν κρεῖττον φόβου κυρίου καὶ οὐθὲν γλυκύτερον τοῦ προσέχειν ἐντολαῖς κυρίου
And those who are left will know that nothing is better than the fear of the Lord, and nothing is sweeter than to attend to the Lord's commandments.
The unit resolves its warnings by returning to positive sweetness: nothing surpasses fearing the Lord and attending to his commands.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιγνώσονταιἐπιγνώσονταιVF FMI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπιγνώσονται'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλειφθέντεςthose left behindVV · αππνπμ λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνπμ λείπω + κατα: meaning 'those left behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐθὲνουδειςA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'ουδεις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κρεῖττονbetterA3C ASN · κρείσσωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐθὲνουδειςA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'ουδεις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλυκύτερονsweeterA3U NSN · γλυκύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλυκύς: meaning 'sweeter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσέχεινto pay attentionV1 PAN · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔχω + προς: meaning 'to pay attention'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολαῖςntoleN1A DPF · ἐντολήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐντολή: meaning 'ntole'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.