1
ἐν τρισὶν ὡραί̈σθην καὶ ἀνέστην ὡραία ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ ἀνθρώπων ὁμόνοια ἀδελφῶν καὶ φιλία τῶν πλησίον καὶ γυνὴ καὶ ἀνὴρ ἑαυτοῖς συμπεριφερόμενοι
In three things I was adorned, and I stood beautiful before the Lord and men: harmony of brothers, friendship of neighbors, and a wife and husband living well together.
Sirach begins with a triad of social beauty, praising concord as something lovely before both God and human beings.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPM · τρεῖςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡραί̈σθηνwas adornedVS API1S · ὡραί̈ζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὡραί̈ζομαι: meaning 'was adorned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηνistemi + anaVHI AAI1S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡραίαbeautifulA1A APN · ὡραῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὡραῖος: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁμόνοιαharmonyN1A NSF · ὁμόνοιαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁμόνοια: meaning 'harmony'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φιλίαfriendshipN1A NSF · φιλίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφιλία: meaning 'friendship'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἑαυτοῖςhimself / themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συμπεριφερόμενοιliving well togetherV1 · πμπνπμ φέρω + συν + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ φέρω + συν + περι: meaning 'living well together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
τρία δὲ εἴδη ἐμίσησεν ἡ ψυχή μου καὶ προσώχθισα σφόδρα τῇ ζωῇ αὐτῶν πτωχὸν ὑπερήφανον καὶ πλούσιον ψεύστην γέροντα μοιχὸν ἐλαττούμενον συνέσει
But three kinds my soul hated, and I was greatly disgusted with their life: a poor man who is proud, a rich man who is a liar, and an old adulterer diminished in understanding.
The second triad reverses the first, naming forms of life the sage finds morally and socially repulsive.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
τρίαthreeA3 APN · τρεῖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ measure or countτρία: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴδηkindsN3E APN · εἶδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἶδος: meaning 'kinds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμίσησενhatedVAI AAI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμισέω: meaning 'hated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσώχθισαI was provokedVAI AAI1S · ὀχθίζω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀχθίζω + προς: meaning 'I was provoked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωῇlifeN1 DSF · ζωήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πτωχὸνneedy / poor manN2 ASM · πτωχόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτωχός: meaning 'needy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπερήφανονinsolentA1B ASM · ὑπερήφανοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπερήφανος: meaning 'insolent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλούσιονπλούσιονA1A ASM · πλούσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλούσιος: meaning 'πλούσιον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ψεύστηνliarN1M ASM · ψεύστηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψεύστης: meaning 'liar'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γέρονταold manN3 ASM · γέρωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγέρων: meaning 'old man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μοιχὸνadultererN2 ASM · μοιχόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμοιχός: meaning 'adulterer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλαττούμενονdiminishedV4 · πμπασμ ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασμ ἐλαττόω: meaning 'diminished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συνέσειin understandingN3I DSF · σύνεσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσύνεσις: meaning 'in understanding'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
3
ἐν νεότητι οὐ συναγείοχας καὶ πῶς ἂν εὕροις ἐν τῷ γήρᾳ σου
If you did not gather in youth, how will you find anything in your old age?
What is neglected in youth cannot be expected to appear naturally in old age; discipline has a season.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεότητιyouthN3T DSF · νεότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συναγείοχαςgathered inVX XAI2S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathered in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕροιςfindVB AAO2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γήρᾳold ageN3 DSN · γῆραςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆρας: meaning 'old age'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ὡς ὡραῖον πολιαῖς κρίσις καὶ πρεσβυτέροις ἐπιγνῶναι βουλήν
How beautiful is judgment for gray hairs, and for elders to know counsel.
Gray hair is most beautiful not by age alone but when joined to judgment and deliberative capacity.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡραῖονbeautifulA1A NSN · ὡραῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὡραῖος: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολιαῖςgray hairsN1A DPF · πολιάdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολιά: meaning 'gray hairs'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβυτέροιςelderN2 DPM · πρεσβύτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπιγνῶναιto learnVZ AAN · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'to learn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουλήνcounselN1 ASF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
5
ὡς ὡραία γερόντων σοφία καὶ δεδοξασμένοις διανόημα καὶ βουλή
How beautiful is wisdom for the aged, and understanding and counsel for the honored.
Old age is ornamented by wisdom and counsel rather than by mere survival.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡραίαbeautifulA1A NPN · ὡραῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὡραῖος: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γερόντωνof eldersN3 GPM · γέρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγέρων: meaning 'of elders'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεδοξασμένοιςthe honoredVT · χμπδπμ δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπδπμ δοξάζω: meaning 'the honored'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διανόημαthoughtN3M NSN · διανόημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιανόημα: meaning 'thought'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βουλήcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
στέφανος γερόντων πολυπειρία καὶ τὸ καύχημα αὐτῶν φόβος κυρίου
The crown of the aged is much experience, and their boast is the fear of the Lord.
Much experience crowns the aged, but even that experience finds its true boast in the fear of the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
στέφανοςcrownN2 NSM · στέφανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστέφανος: meaning 'crown'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γερόντωνof eldersN3 GPM · γέρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγέρων: meaning 'of elders'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολυπειρίαmuch experienceN1A NSF · πολυπειρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολυπειρία: meaning 'much experience'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καύχημαboast / gloryingN3M NSN · καύχημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαύχημα: meaning 'boast'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ἐννέα ὑπονοήματα ἐμακάρισα ἐν καρδίᾳ καὶ τὸ δέκατον ἐρῶ ἐπὶ γλώσσης ἄνθρωπος εὐφραινόμενος ἐπὶ τέκνοις ζῶν καὶ βλέπων ἐπὶ πτώσει ἐχθρῶν
Nine things I counted blessed in my heart, and the tenth I will speak with my tongue: a man rejoicing in his children, living and seeing the fall of his enemies.
The numbered blessing list starts expansively and moves from family joy to vindication over enemies.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐννέαnineM · ἐννέαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐννέα: meaning 'nine'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπονοήματαthings counted blessedN3M APN · ὑπονόημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπονόημα: meaning 'things counted blessed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμακάρισαI counted blessedVAI AAI1S · μακαρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμακαρίζω: meaning 'I counted blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέκατονtenthA1 ASN · δέκατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδέκατος: meaning 'tenth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐρῶI will tellVF2 FAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'I will tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐφραινόμενοςrejoicingV1 · πμπνσμ εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ εὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoicing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέκνοιςchildrenN2N DPN · τέκνονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ζῶνlivingV3 · παπνσμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βλέπωνwho sawV1 · παπνσμ βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βλέπω: meaning 'who saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πτώσειfallN3I DSF · πτῶσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπτῶσις: meaning 'fall'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐχθρῶνenemyA1A GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
μακάριος ὁ συνοικῶν γυναικὶ συνετῇ καὶ ὃς ἐν γλώσσῃ οὐκ ὠλίσθησεν καὶ ὃς οὐκ ἐδούλευσεν ἀναξίῳ ἑαυτοῦ
Blessed is the one living with an intelligent wife, and the one who has not slipped with his tongue, and the one who has not served one unworthy of himself.
A prudent spouse, a guarded tongue, and freedom from humiliating servitude are placed together as marks of a blessed life.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνοικῶνdwelling withV2 · παπνσμ οἰκέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ οἰκέω + συν: meaning 'dwelling with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυναικὶwifeN3K DSF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συνετῇintelligentA1 DSF · συνετόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυνετός: meaning 'intelligent'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γλώσσῃtongueN1S DSF · γλῶσσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠλίσθησενslippedVAI AAI3S · ὀλισθαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλισθαίνω: meaning 'slipped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδούλευσενservedVAI AAI3S · δουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδουλεύω: meaning 'served'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀναξίῳunworthyA1A DSM · ἀνάξιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνάξιος: meaning 'unworthy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
μακάριος ὃς εὗρεν φρόνησιν καὶ ὁ διηγούμενος εἰς ὦτα ἀκουόντων
Blessed is the one who found prudence, and the one speaking into the ears of those who listen.
Finding prudence and speaking to receptive hearers are both forms of blessedness because wisdom requires both possession and transmission.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὗρενfindVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φρόνησινprudenceN3I ASF · φρόνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'prudence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διηγούμενοςspeakingV2 · πμπνσμ ἡγέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἡγέομαι + δια: meaning 'speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὦταotaN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὖς: meaning 'ota'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀκουόντωνhearingV1 · παπγπμ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ἀκούω: meaning 'hearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ὡς μέγας ὁ εὑρὼν σοφίαν ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστιν ὑπὲρ τὸν φοβούμενον τὸν κύριον
How great is the one who found wisdom, but there is no one above the one who fears the Lord.
Even the one who finds wisdom is excelled by the one who fears the Lord, because reverence is wisdom's highest form.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρὼνfindVB · ααπνσμ εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ εὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβούμενονfearingV2 · πμπασμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασμ φοβέω: meaning 'fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
φόβος κυρίου ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὑπερέβαλεν ὁ κρατῶν αὐτοῦ τίνι ὁμοιωθήσεται
The fear of the Lord surpassed everything; the one who holds it, to whom shall he be compared?
The fear of the Lord is declared incomparable, outranking every other ground of human esteem.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπερέβαλενsurpassedVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + ὑπερ: meaning 'surpassed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρατῶνruleV2 · παπνσμ κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρατέω: meaning 'rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίνιto whomRI DSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτίνι: meaning 'to whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁμοιωθήσεταιwill become likeVC FPI3S · ὁμοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁμοιόω: meaning 'will become like'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
πᾶσαν πληγὴν καὶ μὴ πληγὴν καρδίας καὶ πᾶσαν πονηρίαν καὶ μὴ πονηρίαν γυναικός
Any wound, but not a wound of the heart; any wickedness, but not the wickedness of a woman.
The unit now turns from beatitude to warning by ranking inward wounds and domestic wickedness among the gravest afflictions.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πληγὴνa blowN1 ASF · πληγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπληγή: meaning 'a blow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληγὴνa blowN1 ASF · πληγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπληγή: meaning 'a blow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πονηρίανevil / wickednessN1A ASF · πονηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηρίανevil / wickednessN1A ASF · πονηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γυναικόςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
πᾶσαν ἐπαγωγὴν καὶ μὴ ἐπαγωγὴν μισούντων καὶ πᾶσαν ἐκδίκησιν καὶ μὴ ἐκδίκησιν ἐχθρῶν
Any attack, but not an attack of those who hate; any vengeance, but not the vengeance of enemies.
Hatred and vengeance intensify the comparison, preparing for the serpent and enemy images that follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπαγωγὴνattackN1 ASF · ἐπαγωγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπαγωγή: meaning 'attack'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαγωγὴνattackN1 ASF · ἐπαγωγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπαγωγή: meaning 'attack'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μισούντωνthose hatingV2 · παπγπμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ μισέω: meaning 'those hating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκδίκησινvengeanceN3I ASF · ἐκδίκησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδίκησινvengeanceN3I ASF · ἐκδίκησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐχθρῶνenemyA1A GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
οὐκ ἔστιν κεφαλὴ ὑπὲρ κεφαλὴν ὄφεως καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν θυμὸς ὑπὲρ θυμὸν ἐχθροῦ
There is no head above the head of a serpent, and there is no wrath above the wrath of an enemy.
The wrath of an enemy is made paradigmatic by comparison to the serpent's head, a figure of lethal danger.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κεφαλὴheadN1 NSF · κεφαλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὄφεωςof a serpentN3I GSM · ὄφιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄφις: meaning 'of a serpent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυμὸνθυμόςN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐχθροῦenemyA1A GSM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
συνοικῆσαι λέοντι καὶ δράκοντι εὐδοκήσω ἢ συνοικῆσαι μετὰ γυναικὸς πονηρᾶς
I would prefer to dwell with a lion and a dragon rather than to dwell with a wicked wife.
Sirach deliberately exaggerates to mark the misery he associates with sharing a house with a wicked wife.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
συνοικῆσαιto dwell withVA AAN · οἰκέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἰκέω + συν: meaning 'to dwell with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέοντιa lionN3 DSM · λέωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλέων: meaning 'a lion'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δράκοντιserpentN3 DSM · δράκωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδράκων: meaning 'serpent'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐδοκήσωtake pleasureVF FAI1S · εὐδοκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐδοκέω: meaning 'take pleasure'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνοικῆσαιto dwell withVA AAN · οἰκέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἰκέω + συν: meaning 'to dwell with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πονηρᾶςevilA1A GSF · πονηρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
πονηρία γυναικὸς ἀλλοιοῖ τὴν ὅρασιν αὐτῆς καὶ σκοτοῖ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς ὡς ἄρκος
A woman's wickedness alters her appearance and darkens her face like a bear.
Moral corruption is pictured as reshaping outward appearance, turning the face itself into a sign of darkness.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πονηρίαponeriaN1A NSF · πονηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρία: meaning 'poneria'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλλοιοῖchangesV4 PAI3S · ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀλλοιόω: meaning 'changes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρασινvisionN3I ASF · ὅρασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅρασις: meaning 'vision'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκοτοῖdarkensV4 PAI3S · σκοτόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκοτόω: meaning 'darkens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρκοςbearN2 NSM · ἄρκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρκος: meaning 'bear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
18
ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν πλησίον αὐτοῦ ἀναπεσεῖται ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς καὶ ἀκουσίως ἀνεστέναξεν πικρά
Among his neighbors her husband will recline, and unwillingly he groaned bitterly.
The husband's bitter groan among neighbors makes the domestic disorder socially visible and publicly shameful.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀναπεσεῖταιwill reclineVF FMI3S · πίπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'will recline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκουσίωςunintentionallyD · ἀκουσίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀκουσίως: meaning 'unintentionally'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεστέναξενgroanedVAI AAI3S · στενάζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστενάζω + ἀνα: meaning 'groaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πικράbitterlyA1A APN · πικρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπικρός: meaning 'bitterly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
μικρὰ πᾶσα κακία πρὸς κακίαν γυναικός κλῆρος ἁμαρτωλοῦ ἐπιπέσοι αὐτῇ
Every evil is small compared with a woman's evil; may the lot of a sinner fall upon her.
The saying heightens the rhetoric by setting woman's evil above every other evil in the sage's comparative frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μικρὰlittleA1A NSF · μικρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμικρός: meaning 'little'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κακίαwickedness / evilN1A NSF · κακίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακίανevilN1A ASF · κακίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γυναικόςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κλῆροςlotN2 NSM · κλῆροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκλῆρος: meaning 'lot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμαρτωλοῦsinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπιπέσοιmay fall uponVF FAO3S · πίπτω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'may fall upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
ἀνάβασις ἀμμώδης ἐν ποσὶν πρεσβυτέρου οὕτως γυνὴ γλωσσώδης ἀνδρὶ ἡσύχῳ
Like a sandy ascent under the feet of an old man, so is a talkative wife to a quiet husband.
A talkative wife to a quiet husband is likened to the exhausting instability of a sandy climb for old feet.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀνάβασιςgrowthN3I NSF · ἀνάβασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνάβασις: meaning 'growth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀμμώδηςsandyA3H NSF · ἀμμώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμμώδης: meaning 'sandy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ποσὶνfeetN3D DPM · πούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πρεσβυτέρουeldestN2 GSM · πρεσβύτεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'eldest'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλωσσώδηςtalkativeA3H NSF · γλωσσώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλωσσώδης: meaning 'talkative'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡσύχῳquietA1B DSM · ἥσυχοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἥσυχος: meaning 'quiet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
21
μὴ προσπέσῃς ἐπὶ κάλλος γυναικὸς καὶ γυναῖκα μὴ ἐπιποθήσῃς
Do not stumble because of a woman's beauty, and do not desire a woman.
Beauty is not denied but treated as a dangerous point of stumbling when it overrides judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσπέσῃςstumbleVA AAS2S · πίπτω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίπτω + προς: meaning 'stumble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E ASN · κάλλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιποθήσῃςdesireVA AAS2S · ποθέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποθέω + ἐπι: meaning 'desire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
ὀργὴ καὶ ἀναίδεια καὶ αἰσχύνη μεγάλη γυνὴ ἐὰν ἐπιχορηγῇ τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς
Anger and shamelessness and great disgrace are a woman if she supports her husband.
The verse names anger, shamelessness, and disgrace when the wife's conduct unsettles her husband's place.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναίδειαshamelessnessN1A NSF · ἀναίδειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀναίδεια: meaning 'shamelessness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχύνηshameN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιχορηγῇsupportsVA AAS3S · χορηγέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyχορηγέω + ἐπι: meaning 'supports'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
καρδία ταπεινὴ καὶ πρόσωπον σκυθρωπὸν καὶ πληγὴ καρδίας γυνὴ πονηρά χεῖρες παρειμέναι καὶ γόνατα παραλελυμένα ἥτις οὐ μακαριεῖ τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς
A downcast heart and a gloomy face and a wound of the heart is a wicked woman, slack hands and weakened knees, she who does not make her husband blessed.
The imagery of limp hands, failing knees, and heart-wound gathers the bodily and emotional collapse attributed to destructive marriage.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ταπεινὴafflictedA1 NSF · ταπεινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταπεινός: meaning 'afflicted'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σκυθρωπὸνgloomyA1B NSN · σκυθρωπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκυθρωπός: meaning 'gloomy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληγὴplague / blowN1 NSF · πληγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπληγή: meaning 'plague'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πονηράgrievousA1A NSF · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρός: meaning 'grievous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χεῖρεςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρειμέναιslackVM · χμπνπφ ἵημι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπφ ἵημι + παρα: meaning 'slack'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γόναταkneesN3 NPN · γόνυnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγόνυ: meaning 'knees'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παραλελυμέναweakenedVM · χμπνπν λύω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπν λύω + παρα: meaning 'weakened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἥτιςwhoRX NSF · ὅστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant referenceἥτις: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μακαριεῖmake blessedVF2 FAI3S · μακαρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμακαρίζω: meaning 'make blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
ἀπὸ γυναικὸς ἀρχὴ ἁμαρτίας καὶ δι' αὐτὴν ἀποθνῄσκομεν πάντες
From a woman was the beginning of sin, and because of her we all die.
The unit voices the traditional sapiential reading of Eve to universalize the warning about feminine disorder.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀρχὴdominionsN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'dominions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποθνῄσκομενare we dyingV1 PAI1P · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'are we dying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
25
μὴ δῷς ὕδατι διέξοδον μηδὲ γυναικὶ πονηρᾷ παρρησίαν
Do not give water an outlet, nor to a wicked woman bold freedom.
Just as water must not be given a breach, wickedness in the household must not be given bold scope.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδατιwaterN3T DSN · ὕδωρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διέξοδονoutletN2 ASF · διέξοδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιέξοδος: meaning 'outlet'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναικὶwifeN3K DSF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πονηρᾷevilA1A DSF · πονηρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παρρησίανpublic boldnessN1A ASF · παρρησίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαρρησία: meaning 'public boldness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
26
εἰ μὴ πορεύεται κατὰ χεῖράς σου ἀπὸ τῶν σαρκῶν σου ἀπότεμε αὐτήν
If she does not go according to your hands, cut her away from your flesh.
Ends with drastic household advice: where ordered cooperation fails entirely, decisive separation is urged.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύεταιgoesV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'goes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖράςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαρκῶνfleshN3K GPF · σάρξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπότεμεcut awayVB AAD2S · τέμνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτέμνω + ἀπο: meaning 'cut away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.