1
γυναικὸς ἀγαθῆς μακάριος ὁ ἀνήρ καὶ ἀριθμὸς τῶν ἡμερῶν αὐτοῦ διπλάσιος
Blessed is the husband of a good wife, and the number of his days is doubled.
Begins with a straightforward blessing formula, treating a good wife as a multiplier of life itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀγαθῆςnobleA1 GSF · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'noble'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνήρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διπλάσιοςdoubledA1A NSM · διπλάσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιπλάσιος: meaning 'doubled'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
γυνὴ ἀνδρεία εὐφραίνει τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ ἔτη αὐτοῦ πληρώσει ἐν εἰρήνῃ
A courageous wife gladdens her husband, and he will fulfill his years in peace.
Her strength is not martial but household-making: she gladdens her husband and turns years into peace.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρείαadvantageA1A NSF · ἀνδρεῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'advantage'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐφραίνειgladdensV1 PAI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐφραίνω: meaning 'gladdens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πληρώσειfillVF FAI3S · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπληρόω: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εἰρήνῃpeaceN1 DSF · εἰρήνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
3
γυνὴ ἀγαθὴ μερὶς ἀγαθή ἐν μερίδι φοβουμένων κύριον δοθήσεται
A good wife is a good portion; she will be given among the portions of those who fear the Lord.
The good wife is framed as a providential portion granted within the inheritance of those who fear the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθὴgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθήgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μερίδιfor a shareN3D DSF · μερίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμερίς: meaning 'for a share'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φοβουμένωνφοβουμένωνV2 · πμπγπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ φοβέω: meaning 'φοβουμένων'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δοθήσεταιshall be givenVC FPI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'shall be given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
πλουσίου δὲ καὶ πτωχοῦ καρδία ἀγαθή ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ πρόσωπον ἱλαρόν
Whether rich or poor, a good heart means a cheerful face at every season.
Sirach momentarily widens the saying beyond marriage: inward goodness shows itself in a cheerful face regardless of status.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πλουσίουrich manA1A GSM · πλούσιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλούσιος: meaning 'rich man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πτωχοῦpoorN2 GSM · πτωχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθήgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἱλαρόνcheerfulA1A NSN · ἱλαρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱλαρός: meaning 'cheerful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
5
ἀπὸ τριῶν εὐλαβήθη ἡ καρδία μου καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ τετάρτῳ προσώπῳ ἐδεήθην διαβολὴν πόλεως καὶ ἐκκλησίαν ὄχλου καὶ καταψευσμόν ὑπὲρ θάνατον πάντα μοχθηρά
From three things my heart was afraid, and concerning a fourth face I prayed: slander of a city, an assembly of a mob, and false accusation; all are more grievous than death.
Before returning to women, the sage names three civic horrors and a fourth personal terror, setting domestic disorder inside a wider world of public violence and slander.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τριῶνthreeA3 GPN · τρεῖςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐλαβήθηwas afraidVC API3S · εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'was afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετάρτῳfourthA1 DSN · τέταρτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέταρτος: meaning 'fourth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
προσώπῳof faceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'of face'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐδεήθηνboundVCI API1S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδέω: meaning 'bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διαβολὴνslanderN1 ASF · διαβολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαβολή: meaning 'slander'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκλησίανassemblyN1A ASF · ἐκκλησίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὄχλουοχλοςN2 GSM · ὄχλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄχλος: meaning 'οχλος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταψευσμόνfalse accusationN2 ASM · καταψευσμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαταψευσμός: meaning 'false accusation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοχθηράgrievousA1A NPN · μοχθηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμοχθηρός: meaning 'grievous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
ἄλγος καρδίας καὶ πένθος γυνὴ ἀντίζηλος ἐπὶ γυναικὶ καὶ μάστιξ γλώσσης πᾶσιν ἐπικοινωνοῦσα
Heartache and mourning are a wife jealous of another wife, and a scourge of the tongue shared with all.
The jealous wife becomes a source of chronic grief, and her tongue spreads the wound outward to everyone around her.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἄλγοςheartacheN3E NSN · ἄλγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄλγος: meaning 'heartache'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πένθοςmourningN3E NSN · πένθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπένθος: meaning 'mourning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀντίζηλοςjealousN2 NSF · ἀντίζηλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀντίζηλος: meaning 'jealous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναικὶwifeN3K DSF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάστιξwhipN3G NSF · μάστιξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάστιξ: meaning 'whip'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπικοινωνοῦσαshared with allV2 · παπνσφ κοινωνέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ κοινωνέω + ἐπι: meaning 'shared with all'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
βοοζύγιον σαλευόμενον γυνὴ πονηρά ὁ κρατῶν αὐτῆς ὡς ὁ δρασσόμενος σκορπίου
A wicked wife is a shaking yoke of oxen; the one who seizes her is like one grasping a scorpion.
The wicked wife is not merely burdensome but dangerous to hold, like a live scorpion in the hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
βοοζύγιονyoke of oxenN2N NSN · βοοζύγιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοοζύγιον: meaning 'yoke of oxen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σαλευόμενονshakingV1 · παπνσν σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσν σαλεύω: meaning 'shaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πονηράgrievousA1A NSF · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρός: meaning 'grievous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρατῶνruleV2 · παπνσμ κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρατέω: meaning 'rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δρασσόμενοςgraspingV1 · πμπνσμ δράσσομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ δράσσομαι: meaning 'grasping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκορπίουscorpionN2 GSM · σκορπίοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκορπίος: meaning 'scorpion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
ὀργὴ μεγάλη γυνὴ μέθυσος καὶ ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς οὐ συγκαλύψει
A drunken woman is a great wrath, and she will not cover over her shame.
Intoxication removes concealment; what should be hidden by modesty is now publicly exposed.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μέθυσοςdrunkenA1B NSF · μέθυσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέθυσος: meaning 'drunken'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσχημοσύνηνdishonorN1 ASF · ἀσχημοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συγκαλύψειhe shall coverVF FAI3S · καλύπτω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλύπτω + συν: meaning 'he shall cover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
πορνεία γυναικὸς ἐν μετεωρισμοῖς ὀφθαλμῶν καὶ ἐν τοῖς βλεφάροις αὐτῆς γνωσθήσεται
A woman's prostitution is known in the haughty lifting of her eyes and in her eyelids.
Sirach claims sexual disorder becomes legible in the face, especially in the eyes and eyelids.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πορνείαharlotryN1A NSF · πορνείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπορνεία: meaning 'harlotry'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μετεωρισμοῖςhaughty liftingsN2 DPM · μετεωρισμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμετεωρισμός: meaning 'haughty liftings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βλεφάροιςeyelidsN2N DPN · βλέφαρονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβλέφαρον: meaning 'eyelids'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γνωσθήσεταιwill be knownVS FPI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'will be known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ἐπὶ θυγατρὶ ἀδιατρέπτῳ στερέωσον φυλακήν ἵνα μὴ εὑροῦσα ἄνεσιν ἑαυτῇ χρήσηται
Over an unrestrained daughter set a strong guard, lest when she finds freedom for herself she make use of it.
The unrestrained daughter is presented as requiring protective boundaries because freedom without discipline is easily misused.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυγατρὶthygatriN3 DSF · θυγάτηρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'thygatri'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀδιατρέπτῳunrestrainedA1B DSF · ἀδιάτρεπτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδιάτρεπτος: meaning 'unrestrained'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στερέωσονset firmlyVA AAD2S · στερεόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστερεόω: meaning 'set firmly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυλακήνprisonN1 ASF · φυλακήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυλακή: meaning 'prison'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑροῦσαfindingVB · ααπνσφ εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσφ εὑρίσκω: meaning 'finding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνεσινreliefN3I ASF · ἄνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνεσις: meaning 'relief'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑαυτῇεαυτουRD DSF · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῇ: meaning 'εαυτου'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χρήσηταιmake use of itVA AMS3S · χράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyχράω: meaning 'make use of it'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
ὀπίσω ἀναιδοῦς ὀφθαλμοῦ φύλαξαι καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς ἐὰν εἰς σὲ πλημμελήσῃ
Watch against a shameless eye, and do not be surprised if she sins against you.
Shameless vision precedes shameless action, so moral alertness must begin at the level of the gaze.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὀπίσωafter / behindD · ὀπίσωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναιδοῦςshamelessA3H GSM · ἀναιδήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀναιδής: meaning 'shameless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀφθαλμοῦof an eyeN2 GSM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'of an eye'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φύλαξαιkeep / observeVA AMD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θαυμάσῃςyou marvelVA AAS2S · θαυμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyθαυμάζω: meaning 'you marvel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλημμελήσῃsinsVA AAS3S · πλημμελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπλημμελέω: meaning 'sins'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ὡς διψῶν ὁδοιπόρος τὸ στόμα ἀνοίξει καὶ ἀπὸ παντὸς ὕδατος τοῦ σύνεγγυς πίεται κατέναντι παντὸς πασσάλου καθήσεται καὶ ἔναντι βέλους ἀνοίξει φαρέτραν
Like a thirsty traveler she will open her mouth and drink from every nearby water; opposite every stake she will sit, and before every arrow she will open her quiver.
The unchaste woman is pictured as indiscriminately thirsty and always ready, an image of restless sexual availability.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διψῶνdipsaoV3 · παπνσμ διψάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ διψάω: meaning 'dipsao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδοιπόροςtravelerN2 NSM · ὁδοιπόροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδοιπόρος: meaning 'traveler'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνοίξειwill openVF FAI3S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'will open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύνεγγυςnearD · σύνεγγυςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσύνεγγυς: meaning 'near'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίεταιdrinksVF FMI3S · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίνω: meaning 'drinks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατέναντιoppositeP · κατέναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πασσάλουstakeN2 GSM · πάσσαλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπάσσαλος: meaning 'stake'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καθήσεταιshall sitVF FMI3S · ἵημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵημι + κατα: meaning 'shall sit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βέλουςarrowsN3E GSN · βέλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβέλος: meaning 'arrows'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνοίξειwill openVF FAI3S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'will open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φαρέτρανquiverN1A ASF · φαρέτραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφαρέτρα: meaning 'quiver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
χάρις γυναικὸς τέρψει τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ αὐτοῦ πιανεῖ ἡ ἐπιστήμη αὐτῆς
A woman's grace will delight her husband, and her knowledge will fatten his bones.
After the warnings, Sirach returns to the constructive portrait: feminine grace and understanding refresh the husband from the inside out.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τέρψειwill delightVF FAI3S · τέρπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτέρπω: meaning 'will delight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πιανεῖwill fattenVF2 FAI3S · πιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπιαίνω: meaning 'will fatten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστήμηunderstanding / knowledgeN1 NSF · ἐπιστήμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιστήμη: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
δόσις κυρίου γυνὴ σιγηρά καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀντάλλαγμα πεπαιδευμένης ψυχῆς
A silent wife is a gift of the Lord, and there is no exchange for a well-trained soul.
A quiet wife is called a gift of the Lord because disciplined speech reflects a trained and valuable soul.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δόσιςgiftN3I NSF · δόσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόσις: meaning 'gift'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σιγηράsilentA1A NSF · σιγηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσιγηρός: meaning 'silent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀντάλλαγμαexchange-priceN3M NSN · ἀντάλλαγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀντάλλαγμα: meaning 'exchange-price'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πεπαιδευμένηςwell-trainedVM · χμπγσφ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπγσφ παιδεύω: meaning 'well-trained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
χάρις ἐπὶ χάριτι γυνὴ αἰσχυντηρά καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν σταθμὸς πᾶς ἄξιος ἐγκρατοῦς ψυχῆς
Grace upon grace is a modest woman, and no scale is worthy of a self-restrained soul.
Modesty and self-restraint are treated as beyond ordinary valuation, exceeding what scales can measure.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χάριτιfavorN3T DSF · χάριςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἰσχυντηράmodestA1A NSF · αἰσχυντηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰσχυντηρός: meaning 'modest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σταθμὸςweightN2 NSM · σταθμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσταθμός: meaning 'weight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄξιοςworthyA1A NSM · ἄξιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγκρατοῦςself-restrainedA3H GSF · ἐγκρατήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐγκρατής: meaning 'self-restrained'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
ἥλιος ἀνατέλλων ἐν ὑψίστοις κυρίου καὶ κάλλος ἀγαθῆς γυναικὸς ἐν κόσμῳ οἰκίας αὐτῆς
The sun rising in the heights of the Lord, and the beauty of a good wife in the ordering of her house.
The beauty of the good wife is likened to sunrise, suggesting ordered brightness within the household sphere.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνατέλλωνrisingV1 · παπνσμ τέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'rising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑψίστοιςhighestA1 DPM · ὕψιστοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕψιστος: meaning 'highest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E NSN · κάλλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθῆςnobleA1 GSF · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'noble'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κόσμῳadornmentN2 DSM · κόσμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκόσμος: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
λύχνος ἐκλάμπων ἐπὶ λυχνίας ἁγίας καὶ κάλλος προσώπου ἐπὶ ἡλικίᾳ στασίμῃ
A lamp shining upon a holy lampstand, and the beauty of a face upon a mature stature.
Her mature beauty is compared to lit sacred space, linking visible order and inward holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
λύχνοςlampN2 NSM · λύχνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλύχνος: meaning 'lamp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκλάμπωνshiningV1 · παπνσμ λάμπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λάμπω + ἐκ: meaning 'shining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λυχνίαςlampstandN1A GSF · λυχνίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλυχνία: meaning 'lampstand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἁγίαςholyA1A GSF · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E NSN · κάλλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡλικίᾳprime ageN1A DSF · ἡλικίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡλικία: meaning 'prime age'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στασίμῃmatureA1S DSF · στάσιμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστάσιμος: meaning 'mature'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
18
στῦλοι χρύσεοι ἐπὶ βάσεως ἀργυρᾶς καὶ πόδες ὡραῖοι ἐπὶ στέρνοις εὐσταθοῦς
Golden pillars upon silver bases, and beautiful feet upon a steadfast breast.
The unit crowns its praise with an image of costly stability, where bodily beauty rests on firmness and proportion.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
στῦλοιpillarsN2 NPM · στῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστῦλος: meaning 'pillars'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρύσεοιgoldenA1 NPM · χρύσεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρύσεος: meaning 'golden'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βάσεωςbaseN3I GSF · βάσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβάσις: meaning 'base'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀργυρᾶςsilverA1C GSF · ἀργυροῦςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀργυροῦς: meaning 'silver'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόδεςfeetN3D NPM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡραῖοιbeautifulA1A NPM · ὡραῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὡραῖος: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στέρνοιςbreastsN2N DPN · στέρνονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστέρνον: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐσταθοῦςsteadfastA3H GSN · εὐσταθήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσταθής: meaning 'steadfast'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
28
ἐπὶ δυσὶ λελύπηται ἡ καρδία μου καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ τρίτῳ θυμός μοι ἐπῆλθεν ἀνὴρ πολεμιστὴς ὑστερῶν δι' ἔνδειαν καὶ ἄνδρες συνετοὶ ἐὰν σκυβαλισθῶσιν ἐπανάγων ἀπὸ δικαιοσύνης ἐπὶ ἁμαρτίαν ὁ κύριος ἑτοιμάσει εἰς ῥομφαίαν αὐτόν
Over two things my heart was grieved, and over a third anger came upon me: a warrior failing through poverty, and intelligent men when they are treated like refuse; one turning back from righteousness to sin, the Lord will prepare him for the sword.
The unit abruptly widens beyond marriage: poverty, humiliation of the prudent, and apostasy from righteousness all belong to the same field of human grief and judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δυσὶtwoM DPN · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδυσὶ: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λελύπηταιhas been grievedVM XMI3S · λυπέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλυπέω: meaning 'has been grieved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτῳthirdA1 DSN · τρίτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θυμόςangerN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'anger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπῆλθενhas comeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'has come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολεμιστὴςwarriors / fighting menN1M NSM · πολεμιστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολεμιστής: meaning 'warriors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑστερῶνlackingV2 · παπνσμ ὑστερέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὑστερέω: meaning 'lacking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔνδειανneedN1A ASF · ἔνδειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔνδεια: meaning 'need'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνετοὶwiseA1 NPM · συνετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυνετός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκυβαλισθῶσινare treated like refuseVS APS3P · σκυβαλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσκυβαλίζω: meaning 'are treated like refuse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπανάγωνbring backV1 · παπνσμ ἄγω + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἄγω + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'bring back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίανsinN1A ASF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἑτοιμάσειwill prepareVF FAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'will prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
μόλις ἐξελεῖται ἔμπορος ἀπὸ πλημμελείας καὶ οὐ δικαιωθήσεται κάπηλος ἀπὸ ἁμαρτίας
A merchant will scarcely be kept from wrongdoing, and a shopkeeper will not be justified from sin.
Trade itself is not condemned, but Sirach warns how hard it is for merchants and shopkeepers to remain entirely free from fault.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μόλιςwith difficultyD · μόλιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμόλις: meaning 'with difficulty'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεῖταιdeliverVF2 FMI3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔμποροςmerchantN2 NSM · ἔμποροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔμπορος: meaning 'merchant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλημμελείαςwrongdoingN1A GSF · πλημμέλειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλημμέλεια: meaning 'wrongdoing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιωθήσεταιwill be justifiedVC FPI3S · δικαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδικαιόω: meaning 'will be justified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κάπηλοςshopkeeperN2 NSM · κάπηλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάπηλος: meaning 'shopkeeper'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.