1
χάριν διαφόρου πολλοὶ ἥμαρτον καὶ ὁ ζητῶν πληθῦναι ἀποστρέψει ὀφθαλμόν
For the sake of gain many have sinned, and the one seeking to increase wealth will turn away his eye.
The desire for increase is presented as a moral danger strong enough to bend the eye away from justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διαφόρουgainA1B GSN · διάφοροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιάφορος: meaning 'gain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἥμαρτονI have sinnedVBI AAI3P · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'I have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζητῶνseekingV2 · παπνσμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πληθῦναιmultipliedVA AAN · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπληθύνω: meaning 'multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποστρέψειto returnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'to return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀφθαλμόνeyeN2 ASM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
ἀνὰ μέσον ἁρμῶν λίθων παγήσεται πάσσαλος καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον πράσεως καὶ ἀγορασμοῦ συντριβήσεται ἁμαρτία
A peg will be driven between the joints of stones, and between selling and buying sin will be crushed in.
Commercial exchange is pictured as a narrow joint where sin can easily be wedged into ordinary transactions.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἁρμῶνἁρμῶνN2 GPM · ἁρμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁρμός: meaning 'ἁρμῶν'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λίθωνstoneN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παγήσεταιshall be fixedVD FPI3S · πήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπήγνυμι: meaning 'shall be fixed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάσσαλοςpegN2 NSM · πάσσαλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπάσσαλος: meaning 'peg'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πράσεωςmerchandise / sellingN3I GSF · πρᾶσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρᾶσις: meaning 'merchandise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγορασμοῦbuyingN2 GSM · ἀγορασμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγορασμός: meaning 'buying'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συντριβήσεταιwill be crushedVD FPI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'will be crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτίαsinN1A NSF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
3
ἐὰν μὴ ἐν φόβῳ κυρίου κρατήσῃ κατὰ σπουδήν ἐν τάχει καταστραφήσεται αὐτοῦ ὁ οἶκος
If a person does not hold fast with diligence in the fear of the Lord, his house will quickly be overthrown.
Without diligent fear of the Lord, even the house itself becomes structurally unstable.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρατήσῃhold fastVA AAS3S · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκρατέω: meaning 'hold fast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σπουδήνdiligenceN1 ASF · σπουδήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπουδή: meaning 'diligence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τάχειcourseA3U DSN · ταχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταχύς: meaning 'course'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καταστραφήσεταιit will be overthrownVD FPI3S · στρέφω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + κατα: meaning 'it will be overthrown'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
4
ἐν σείσματι κοσκίνου διαμένει κοπρία οὕτως σκύβαλα ἀνθρώπου ἐν λογισμῷ αὐτοῦ
In the shaking of a sieve refuse remains; so the off-scourings of a person are in his reasoning.
Shaking reveals the waste mixed into a person just as sifting reveals refuse in grain.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σείσματιshakingN3M DSN · σεῖσμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσεῖσμα: meaning 'shaking'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κοσκίνουsieveN2N GSN · κόσκινονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκόσκινον: meaning 'sieve'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διαμένειhe measuredV1 PAI3S · μένω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω + δια: meaning 'he measured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κοπρίαrefuseN1A NSF · κοπρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκοπρία: meaning 'refuse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκύβαλαoff-scouringsN2N NPN · σκύβαλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκύβαλον: meaning 'off-scourings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λογισμῷreasonN2 DSM · λογισμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλογισμός: meaning 'reason'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
σκεύη κεραμέως δοκιμάζει κάμινος καὶ πειρασμὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐν διαλογισμῷ αὐτοῦ
A kiln tests the vessels of a potter, and the testing of a person is in his reasoning.
Reasoning under pressure tests a person the way fire tests crafted vessels.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
σκεύηimplementsN3E NPN · σκεῦοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κεραμέωςpotterN3V GSM · κεραμεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεραμεύς: meaning 'potter'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δοκιμάζειtestsV1 PAI3S · δοκιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδοκιμάζω: meaning 'tests'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κάμινοςfurnaceN2 NSM · κάμινοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πειρασμὸςtestingN2 NSM · πειρασμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπειρασμός: meaning 'testing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαλογισμῷreasoningN2 DSM · διαλογισμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιαλογισμός: meaning 'reasoning'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
γεώργιον ξύλου ἐκφαίνει ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ οὕτως λόγος ἐνθυμήματος καρδίας ἀνθρώπου
The fruit shows the cultivation of a tree; so a word reveals the thought of a person's heart.
Speech is the fruit that discloses the hidden cultivation of the heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
γεώργιονa fieldN2N ASN · γεώργιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγεώργιον: meaning 'a field'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ξύλουwood / treeN2N GSN · ξύλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationξύλον: meaning 'wood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκφαίνειrevealsV1 PAI3S · φαίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφαίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'reveals'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπὸςfruitN2 NSM · καρπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνθυμήματοςthoughtN3M GSN · ἐνθύμημαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐνθύμημα: meaning 'thought'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
πρὸ λογισμοῦ μὴ ἐπαινέσῃς ἄνδρα οὗτος γὰρ πειρασμὸς ἀνθρώπων
Before inquiry do not praise a man, for this is the testing of men.
A person should be tested before being praised, because character is not proven by appearances alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λογισμοῦpurposeN2 GSM · λογισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλογισμός: meaning 'purpose'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαινέσῃςpraiseVA AAS2S · αἰνέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἰνέω + ἐπι: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πειρασμὸςtestingN2 NSM · πειρασμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπειρασμός: meaning 'testing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
ἐὰν διώκῃς τὸ δίκαιον καταλήμψῃ καὶ ἐνδύσῃ αὐτὸ ὡς ποδήρη δόξης
If you pursue righteousness, you will overtake it and put it on like a glorious long robe.
Righteousness is not only to be admired but actively pursued until it clothes the seeker with glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διώκῃςpursueV1 PAS2S · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδιώκω: meaning 'pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καταλήμψῃovertakeVF FMI2S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'overtake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύσῃδύω + ἐνVF FMI2S · δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύω + ἐν: meaning 'δύω + ἐν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποδήρηrobe reaching to the feetA3H ASM · ποδήρηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποδήρης: meaning 'robe reaching to the feet'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
πετεινὰ πρὸς τὰ ὅμοια αὐτοῖς καταλύσει καὶ ἀλήθεια πρὸς τοὺς ἐργαζομένους αὐτὴν ἐπανήξει
Birds settle with their own kind, and truth will return to those who practice it.
Truth seeks its own practitioners just as birds settle among their likenesses.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πετεινὰbirdsA1 NPN · πετεινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπετεινός: meaning 'birds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅμοιαlike onesA1A APN · ὅμοιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅμοιος: meaning 'like ones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταλύσειshall lodgeVF FAI3S · λύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλύω + κατα: meaning 'shall lodge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλήθειαtruthN1A NSF · ἀλήθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργαζομένουςpracticeV1 · πμπαπμ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'practice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπανήξειhe will returnVF FAI3S · ἥκω + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'he will return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
λέων θήραν ἐνεδρεύει οὕτως ἁμαρτία ἐργαζομένους ἄδικα
A lion lies in wait for prey; so sin lies in wait for those who practice injustice.
Sin is not passive; it stalks the unjust the way a lion stalks prey.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θήρανpreyN1A ASF · θήραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθήρα: meaning 'prey'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνεδρεύειlies in waitV1 PAI3S · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'lies in wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμαρτίαsinN1A NSF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐργαζομένουςpracticeV1 · πμπαπμ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'practice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄδικαunjustA1B APN · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
διήγησις εὐσεβοῦς διὰ παντὸς σοφία ὁ δὲ ἄφρων ὡς σελήνη ἀλλοιοῦται
The discourse of the godly is always wisdom, but the fool changes like the moon.
The godly are stable in wisdom, but the fool is changeable and unreliable like the moon's phases.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
διήγησιςdiscourseN3I NSF · διήγησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιήγησις: meaning 'discourse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐσεβοῦςgodlyA3H GSM · εὐσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσεβής: meaning 'godly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σελήνηmoonN1 NSF · σελήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσελήνη: meaning 'moon'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλοιοῦταιchangesV4 PMI3S · ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀλλοιόω: meaning 'changes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
εἰς μέσον ἀσυνέτων συντήρησον καιρόν εἰς μέσον δὲ διανοουμένων ἐνδελέχιζε
Among the senseless watch the time, but among those who think, stay continually.
Sirach advises prudence about company: ration your time among fools, but linger among the thoughtful.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσυνέτωνsenselessA1B GPM · ἀσύνετοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσύνετος: meaning 'senseless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συντήρησονwatchVA AAD2S · τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτηρέω + συν: meaning 'watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καιρόνseasonN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'season'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διανοουμένωνthose who thinkV2 · πμπγπμ νοέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ νοέομαι + δια: meaning 'those who think'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνδελέχιζεstay continuallyV1 PAD2S · δελεχίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδελεχίζω + ἐν: meaning 'stay continually'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
διήγησις μωρῶν προσόχθισμα καὶ ὁ γέλως αὐτῶν ἐν σπατάλῃ ἁμαρτίας
The speech of fools is offensive, and their laughter is in the wantonness of sin.
Fools turn even laughter into evidence of moral dissipation because their joy is joined to sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
διήγησιςdiscourseN3I NSF · διήγησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιήγησις: meaning 'discourse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μωρῶνfoolsA1A GPM · μωρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμωρός: meaning 'fools'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προσόχθισμαoffensive thingN3M NSN · προσόχθισμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσόχθισμα: meaning 'offensive thing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γέλωςlaughterN3T NSM · γέλωςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγέλως: meaning 'laughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σπατάλῃwantonnessN1 DSF · σπατάληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσπατάλη: meaning 'wantonness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
λαλιὰ πολυόρκου ἀνορθώσει τρίχας καὶ ἡ μάχη αὐτῶν ἐμφραγμὸς ὠτίων
The talk of one who swears many oaths makes the hair stand up, and their quarrel is a stoppering of the ears.
Many-oathed talk produces both horror and exhaustion, making quarrels physically unpleasant to hear.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
λαλιὰtalkN1A NSF · λαλιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαλιά: meaning 'talk'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολυόρκουone swearing many oathsA1B GSN · πολύορκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύορκος: meaning 'one swearing many oaths'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνορθώσειmakes stand upVF FAI3S · ὀρθόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀρθόω + ἀνα: meaning 'makes stand up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρίχαςhairN3 APF · θρίξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρίξ: meaning 'hair'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάχηbattleN1 NSF · μάχηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάχη: meaning 'battle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμφραγμὸςstopperingN2 NSM · ἐμφραγμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμφραγμός: meaning 'stoppering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὠτίωνearsN2N GPN · ὠτίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὠτίον: meaning 'ears'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
ἔκχυσις αἵματος μάχη ὑπερηφάνων καὶ ἡ διαλοιδόρησις αὐτῶν ἀκοὴ μοχθηρά
The strife of the proud is bloodshed, and their abusive exchange is a grievous hearing.
Proud contention naturally tends toward bloodshed, and even its verbal form is grievous to endure.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἔκχυσιςbloodshedN3I NSF · ἔκχυσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔκχυσις: meaning 'bloodshed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἵματοςbloodN3M GSN · αἷμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μάχηbattleN1 NSF · μάχηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάχη: meaning 'battle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπερηφάνωνproud oneA1B GPM · ὑπερήφανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑπερήφανος: meaning 'proud one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαλοιδόρησιςabusive exchangeN3I NSF · διαλοιδόρησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιαλοιδόρησις: meaning 'abusive exchange'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀκοὴreportN1 NSF · ἀκοήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκοή: meaning 'report'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοχθηράgrievousA1A NSF · μοχθηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμοχθηρός: meaning 'grievous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
ὁ ἀποκαλύπτων μυστήρια ἀπώλεσεν πίστιν καὶ οὐ μὴ εὕρῃ φίλον πρὸς τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ
The one who reveals secrets has destroyed trust and will never find a friend for his soul.
Revealing secrets is treated as a decisive social sin because it kills trust at the root.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποκαλύπτωνrevealingV1 · παπνσμ καλύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ καλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'revealing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μυστήριαsecretsN2N APN · μυστήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμυστήριον: meaning 'secrets'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπώλεσενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πίστινpledge / faithfulnessN3I ASF · πίστιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπίστις: meaning 'pledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕρῃshe findsVB AAS3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'she finds'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φίλονfriendA1 ASM · φίλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
στέρξον φίλον καὶ πιστώθητι μετ' αὐτοῦ ἐὰν δὲ ἀποκαλύψῃς τὰ μυστήρια αὐτοῦ μὴ καταδιώξῃς ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ
Love a friend and be faithful to him; but if you reveal his secrets, do not pursue him afterward.
Love and fidelity define friendship, but once confidence is betrayed pursuit becomes futile.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
στέρξονloveVA AAD2S · στέργωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστέργω: meaning 'love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φίλονfriendA1 ASM · φίλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πιστώθητιbe faithfulVC APD2S · πιστόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπιστόω: meaning 'be faithful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκαλύψῃςrevealVA AAS2S · καλύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκαλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'reveal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μυστήριαsecretsN2N APN · μυστήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμυστήριον: meaning 'secrets'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταδιώξῃςpursueVA AAS2S · διώκω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδιώκω + κατα: meaning 'pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀπίσωafter / behindD · ὀπίσωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
καθὼς γὰρ ἀπώλεσεν ἄνθρωπος τὸν νεκρὸν αὐτοῦ οὕτως ἀπώλεσας τὴν φιλίαν τοῦ πλησίον
For just as a man destroyed his own dead, so you have destroyed the friendship of your neighbor.
Betrayed friendship is compared to losing the dead, stressing irrevocability rather than simple regret.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καθὼςjust asC · καθώςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὼς: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλεσενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεκρὸνa dead thingN2 ASM · νεκρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεκρός: meaning 'a dead thing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλεσαςyou destroyedVAI AAI2S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'you destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φιλίανfriendshipN1A ASF · φιλίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφιλία: meaning 'friendship'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
19
καὶ ὡς πετεινὸν ἐκ χειρός σου ἀπέλυσας οὕτως ἀφῆκας τὸν πλησίον καὶ οὐ θηρεύσεις αὐτόν
And as you released a bird from your hand, so you have let your neighbor go, and you will not catch him.
Once trust is let go, the neighbor is as unrecoverable as a bird flown from the hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πετεινὸνbirdA1 ASN · πετεινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπετεινός: meaning 'bird'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπέλυσαςreleasedVAI AAI2S · λύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'released'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφῆκαςforgaveVAI AAI2S · ἵημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'forgave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θηρεύσειςcatchVF FAI3S · θηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθηρεύω: meaning 'catch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
μὴ αὐτὸν διώξῃς ὅτι μακρὰν ἀπέστη καὶ ἐξέφυγεν ὡς δορκὰς ἐκ παγίδος
Do not pursue him, because he has gone far away and escaped like a gazelle from a snare.
Distance after betrayal should be recognized as real; frantic pursuit does not restore what was broken.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διώξῃςpursueVA AAS2S · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδιώκω: meaning 'pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μακρὰνfar awayD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'far away'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστηremoveVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέφυγενescapedVBI AAI3S · φεύγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφεύγω + ἐκ: meaning 'escaped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δορκὰςa gazelleN3D NSF · δορκάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδορκάς: meaning 'a gazelle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παγίδοςa snareN3D GSF · παγίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαγίς: meaning 'a snare'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
21
ὅτι τραῦμα ἔστιν καταδῆσαι καὶ λοιδορίας ἔστιν διαλλαγή ὁ δὲ ἀποκαλύψας μυστήρια ἀφήλπισεν
For a wound may be bound up and after insults there may be reconciliation, but the one who revealed secrets has despaired.
Some wounds and insults can heal, but disclosure of secrets marks the point where hope usually fails.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τραῦμαNominal or adjectival form from τραῦμα with the sense “τραῦμα” here.N3M NSN · τραῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραῦμα: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from τραῦμα with the sense “τραῦμα” here.'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταδῆσαιbind upVA AAN · δέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδέω + κατα: meaning 'bind up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λοιδορίαςinsultsN1A GSF · λοιδορίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλοιδορία: meaning 'insults'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διαλλαγήreconciliationN1 NSF · διαλλαγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιαλλαγή: meaning 'reconciliation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκαλύψαςrevealedVA · ααπνσμ καλύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ καλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'revealed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μυστήριαsecretsN2N APN · μυστήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμυστήριον: meaning 'secrets'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀφήλπισενhas despairedVAI AAI3S · ἐλπίζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐλπίζω + ἀπο: meaning 'has despaired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
διανεύων ὀφθαλμῷ τεκταίνει κακά καὶ οὐδεὶς αὐτὰ ἀποστήσει ἀπ' αὐτοῦ
The one who winks with his eye devises evils, and no one will turn them away from him.
The malicious wink is an outward sign of inward plotting that others cannot easily disarm.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
διανεύωνwinkingV1 · παπνσμ νεύω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ νεύω + δια: meaning 'winking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀφθαλμῷwith the eyeN2 DSM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'with the eye'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τεκταίνειdevisesV1 PAI3S · τεκταίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτεκταίνω: meaning 'devises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποστήσειturn awayVF FAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν σου γλυκανεῖ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων σου ἐκθαυμάσει ὕστερον δὲ διαστρέψει τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου δώσει σκάνδαλον
Before your eyes he will sweeten his mouth and marvel over your words, but afterward he will twist his mouth and by your words he will give offense.
The flatterer admires in front of you only to twist your words into scandal behind your back.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeD · ἀπέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γλυκανεῖsweetenVF2 FAI3S · γλυκαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγλυκαίνω: meaning 'sweeten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκθαυμάσειwill marvelVF FAI3S · θαυμάζω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθαυμάζω + ἐκ: meaning 'will marvel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕστερονlaterD · ὕστερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὕστερον: meaning 'later'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαστρέψειhe will turnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + δια: meaning 'he will turn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκάνδαλονstumbling blockN2N ASN · σκάνδαλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκάνδαλον: meaning 'stumbling block'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
24
πολλὰ ἐμίσησα καὶ οὐχ ὡμοίωσα αὐτῷ καὶ ὁ κύριος μισήσει αὐτόν
I hated many things, but I did not compare with him, and the Lord will hate him.
The sage's personal hatred is reinforced by divine hatred, escalating the seriousness of treacherous character.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πολλὰmuchA1 APN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμίσησαhateVAI AAI1S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμισέω: meaning 'hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡμοίωσαI made likeVAI AAI1S · ὁμοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁμοιόω: meaning 'I made like'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μισήσειwill hateVF FAI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμισέω: meaning 'will hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
ὁ βάλλων λίθον εἰς ὕψος ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ βάλλει καὶ πληγὴ δολία διελεῖ τραύματα
The one who throws a stone upward throws it on his own head, and a treacherous blow divides open wounds.
Violence rebounds upward and inward: the stone and the treacherous strike both come back upon the actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάλλωνcastingV1 · παπνσμ βάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βάλλω: meaning 'casting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λίθονstonesN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕψοςheightN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'height'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βάλλειthrowsV1 PAI3S · βάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβάλλω: meaning 'throws'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληγὴplague / blowN1 NSF · πληγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπληγή: meaning 'plague'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δολίαdeceitfulA1A NSF · δόλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλιος: meaning 'deceitful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διελεῖhe shall divideVF2 FAI3S · αἱρέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἱρέω + δια: meaning 'he shall divide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τραύματαwoundsN3M APN · τραῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτραῦμα: meaning 'wounds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
26
ὁ ὀρύσσων βόθρον εἰς αὐτὸν ἐμπεσεῖται καὶ ὁ ἱστῶν παγίδα ἐν αὐτῇ ἁλώσεται
The one who digs a pit will fall into it, and the one who sets a trap will be caught in it.
The classic retributive image makes wicked contrivance self-defeating.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρύσσωνdiggingV1 · παπνσμ ὀρύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὀρύσσω: meaning 'digging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βόθρονpitN2 ASM · βόθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβόθρος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμπεσεῖταιwill fall into itVF FAI3S · πίπτω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω + ἐν: meaning 'will fall into it'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱστῶνπαπνσμV6 · παπνσμ ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἵστημι: meaning 'παπνσμ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παγίδαsnareN3D ASF · παγίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁλώσεταιἁλίσκωVF FMI3S · ἁλίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἁλίσκω: meaning 'ἁλίσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
ὁ ποιῶν πονηρά εἰς αὐτὸν κυλισθήσεται καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐπιγνῷ πόθεν ἥκει αὐτῷ
The one who does evil, it will roll back upon him, and he will not know from where it came to him.
Harm circles back on the evildoer even when he cannot trace the route of its return.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῶνdoing / workingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πονηράevil thingsA1A APN · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κυλισθήσεταιshall rollVS FPI3S · κυλίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκυλίω: meaning 'shall roll'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιγνῷrecognizeVZ AAS3S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'recognize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόθενwhere fromD · πόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπόθεν: meaning 'where from'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥκειarriveV1 PAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥκω: meaning 'arrive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
28
ἐμπαιγμὸς καὶ ὀνειδισμὸς ὑπερηφάνῳ καὶ ἡ ἐκδίκησις ὡς λέων ἐνεδρεύσει αὐτόν
Mockery and reproach belong to the proud, and vengeance will lie in wait for him like a lion.
Mockery of the proud summons a lion-like vengeance that stalks rather than forgets.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐμπαιγμὸςmockeryN2 NSM · ἐμπαιγμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμπαιγμός: meaning 'mockery'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνειδισμὸςreproachN2 NSM · ὀνειδισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπερηφάνῳproud manA1B DSM · ὑπερήφανοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑπερήφανος: meaning 'proud man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδίκησιςvengeanceN3I NSF · ἐκδίκησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνεδρεύσειwill lie in waitVF FAI3S · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'will lie in wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
παγίδι ἁλώσονται οἱ εὐφραινόμενοι πτώσει εὐσεβῶν καὶ ὀδύνη καταναλώσει αὐτοὺς πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτῶν
Those who rejoice at the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare, and pain will consume them before their death.
Those delighted by the downfall of the godly are themselves caught before death overtakes them.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
παγίδιsnareN3D DSF · παγίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁλώσονταιbe capturedVF FMI3P · ἁλίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἁλίσκω: meaning 'be captured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐφραινόμενοιrejoicingV1 · πμπνπμ εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ εὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoicing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτώσειfallN3I DSF · πτῶσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπτῶσις: meaning 'fall'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐσεβῶνgodlyA3H GPM · εὐσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσεβής: meaning 'godly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀδύνηpainN1 NSF · ὀδύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀδύνη: meaning 'pain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καταναλώσειwill consumeVF FAI3S · ἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀνα: meaning 'will consume'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
30
μῆνις καὶ ὀργή καὶ ταῦτά ἐστιν βδελύγματα καὶ ἀνὴρ ἁμαρτωλὸς ἐγκρατὴς ἔσται αὐτῶν
Indignation and anger, these also are abominations, and a sinful man will be possessed by them.
Wrath and anger are not powers to master but abominations that master the sinner instead.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μῆνιςindignationN3 NSF · μῆνιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμῆνις: meaning 'indignation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀργήorgeN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'orge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦτάhe, she, itRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτά: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βδελύγματαabominationsN3M NPN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abominations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμαρτωλὸςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγκρατὴςpossessedA3H NSM · ἐγκρατήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐγκρατής: meaning 'possessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.