1
ὁ ἐκδικῶν παρὰ κυρίου εὑρήσει ἐκδίκησιν καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ διατηρῶν διατηρήσει
The one who takes vengeance will find vengeance from the Lord, and while keeping his sins the Lord will keep them.
Begins with an exact reciprocity: vengeance cherished toward others returns as divine vengeance upon oneself.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδικῶνἐκδικῶνV2 · παπνσμ δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκδικῶν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὑρήσειwill findVF FAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκδίκησινvengeanceN3I ASF · ἐκδίκησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διατηρῶνguard carefullyV2 · παπνσμ τηρέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τηρέω + δια: meaning 'guard carefully'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διατηρήσειwill keepVF FAI3S · τηρέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτηρέω + δια: meaning 'will keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
ἄφες ἀδίκημα τῷ πλησίον σου καὶ τότε δεηθέντος σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου λυθήσονται
Forgive your neighbor his wrongdoing, and then when you pray your sins will be released.
Forgiveness of the neighbor is presented as the fitting precondition for the loosening of one's own sins in prayer.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἄφεςforgiveVH AAD2S · ἵημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'forgive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδίκημαwrongdoingN3M ASN · ἀδίκημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδίκημα: meaning 'wrongdoing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεηθέντοςwhen you prayVC · αππγσμ δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππγσμ δέω: meaning 'when you pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιsinN1A NPF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λυθήσονταιwill be releasedVC FPI3P · λύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλύω: meaning 'will be released'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
ἄνθρωπος ἀνθρώπῳ συντηρεῖ ὀργήν καὶ παρὰ κυρίου ζητεῖ ἴασιν
A man keeps anger against a man, and from the Lord he seeks healing?
Sirach exposes the absurdity of nursing anger horizontally while seeking healing vertically from God.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συντηρεῖkeepsV2 PAI3S · τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτηρέω + συν: meaning 'keeps'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀργήνὀργήN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'ὀργή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζητεῖseeksV2 PAI3S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζητέω: meaning 'seeks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἴασινἴασινN3I ASF · ἴασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἴασις: meaning 'ἴασιν'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ἐπ' ἄνθρωπον ὅμοιον αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔχει ἔλεος καὶ περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτοῦ δεῖται
Upon a human being like himself he has no mercy, and about his own sins he makes supplication?
The one who refuses mercy to an equal yet begs mercy for himself is morally incoherent.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅμοιονlikeA1A ASM · ὅμοιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅμοιος: meaning 'like'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχειhasV1 PAI3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'has'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinN1A GPF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δεῖταιmakes supplicationV2 PMI3S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέω: meaning 'makes supplication'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
αὐτὸς σὰρξ ὢν διατηρεῖ μῆνιν τίς ἐξιλάσεται τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ
He himself, being flesh, keeps wrath; who will make atonement for his sins?
Because the angry person is himself only flesh, his persistence in wrath is both irrational and dangerous.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σὰρξfleshN3K NSF · σάρξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διατηρεῖkeepsV2 PAI3S · τηρέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτηρέω + δια: meaning 'keeps'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μῆνινwrathN3 ASF · μῆνιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμῆνις: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξιλάσεταιwill make expiationVF FMI3S · ἱλάσκομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἱλάσκομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'will make expiation'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
μνήσθητι τὰ ἔσχατα καὶ παῦσαι ἐχθραίνων καταφθορὰν καὶ θάνατον καὶ ἔμμενε ἐντολαῖς
Remember the last things and stop being hostile, remember corruption and death and remain in the commandments.
Memory of death and decay is meant to cool enmity and return the hearer to obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔσχαταfarthestA1 APN · ἔσχατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'farthest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παῦσαιceaseVA AMD2S · παύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαύω: meaning 'cease'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐχθραίνωνbeing hostileV1 · παπνσμ ἐχθραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐχθραίνω: meaning 'being hostile'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταφθορὰνkataphthoranN1A ASF · καταφθοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαταφθορά: meaning 'kataphthoran'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμμενεremainV1 PAD2S · μένω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμένω + ἐν: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολαῖςntoleN1A DPF · ἐντολήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐντολή: meaning 'ntole'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
7
μνήσθητι ἐντολῶν καὶ μὴ μηνίσῃς τῷ πλησίον καὶ διαθήκην ὑψίστου καὶ πάριδε ἄγνοιαν
Remember the commandments and do not be angry with your neighbor, remember the covenant of the Most High and overlook ignorance.
The commandments and covenant of the Most High demand that one pass over another's ignorance rather than weaponize it.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολῶνcommandmentsN1A GPF · ἐντολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandments'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μηνίσῃςbe angryVA AAS2S · μηνίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμηνίω: meaning 'be angry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάριδεoverlookVB AAD2S · ὁράω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω + παρα: meaning 'overlook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄγνοιανagnoiaN1A ASF · ἄγνοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄγνοια: meaning 'agnoia'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
ἀπόσχου ἀπὸ μάχης καὶ ἐλαττώσεις ἁμαρτίας ἄνθρωπος γὰρ θυμώδης ἐκκαύσει μάχην
Refrain from strife and you will lessen sins, for an irascible man will kindle strife.
Strife is not morally neutral; renouncing it is a concrete way of diminishing sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀπόσχουhold backVB AMD2S · ἔχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'hold back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μάχηςbattleN1 GSF · μάχηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμάχη: meaning 'battle'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαττώσειςlessenVF FAI2S · ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλαττόω: meaning 'lessen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμώδηςwrathfulA3H NSM · θυμώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμώδης: meaning 'wrathful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκκαύσειkindleVF FAI3S · καύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαύω + ἐκ: meaning 'kindle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάχηνbattleN1 ASF · μάχηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχη: meaning 'battle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
καὶ ἀνὴρ ἁμαρτωλὸς ταράξει φίλους καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον εἰρηνευόντων ἐμβαλεῖ διαβολήν
And a sinful man will disturb friends, and among those at peace he will throw in slander.
The sinful man is not only internally disordered but actively corrosive of existing peace and friendship.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμαρτωλὸςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ταράξειwill overturnVF FAI3S · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureταράσσω: meaning 'will overturn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φίλουςfriendsA1 APM · φίλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφίλος: meaning 'friends'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰρηνευόντωνthose at peaceV1 · παπγπμ εἰρηνεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ εἰρηνεύω: meaning 'those at peace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμβαλεῖἐμβαλεῖVF2 FAI3S · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'ἐμβαλεῖ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διαβολήνslanderN1 ASF · διαβολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαβολή: meaning 'slander'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
κατὰ τὴν ὕλην τοῦ πυρὸς οὕτως ἐκκαυθήσεται καὶ κατὰ τὴν στερέωσιν τῆς μάχης ἐκκαυθήσεται κατὰ τὴν ἰσχὺν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὁ θυμὸς αὐτοῦ ἔσται καὶ κατὰ τὸν πλοῦτον ἀνυψώσει ὀργὴν αὐτοῦ
According to the material of the fire, so it will burn; and according to the firmness of the strife, it will blaze; according to a man's strength so his anger will be, and according to his wealth he will raise up his wrath.
Anger scales with fuel, strength, and wealth, so unchecked conflict grows according to the resources that sustain it.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕληνforestN1 ASF · ὕληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕλη: meaning 'forest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκαυθήσεταιkindleVC FPI3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαίω + ἐκ: meaning 'kindle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στερέωσινfirmnessN3I ASF · στερέωσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστερέωσις: meaning 'firmness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάχηςbattleN1 GSF · μάχηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμάχη: meaning 'battle'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκκαυθήσεταιkindleVC FPI3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαίω + ἐκ: meaning 'kindle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνυψώσειwill raise upVF FAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑψόω + ἀνα: meaning 'will raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀργὴνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
ἔρις κατασπευδομένη ἐκκαίει πῦρ καὶ μάχη κατασπεύδουσα ἐκχέει αἷμα
A hurried quarrel kindles fire, and a hasty fight sheds blood.
Hasty contention rapidly moves from heat to bloodshed.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἔριςquarrelN3D NSF · ἔριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔρις: meaning 'quarrel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατασπευδομένηhurriedV1 · πμπνσφ σπεύδω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ σπεύδω + κατα: meaning 'hurried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκκαίειkindlesV1 PAI3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαίω + ἐκ: meaning 'kindles'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάχηbattleN1 NSF · μάχηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάχη: meaning 'battle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατασπεύδουσαhastyV1 · παπνσφ σπεύδω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ σπεύδω + κατα: meaning 'hasty'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκχέειshedsV2 PAI3S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'sheds'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
ἐὰν φυσήσῃς εἰς σπινθῆρα ἐκκαήσεται καὶ ἐὰν πτύσῃς ἐπ' αὐτόν σβεσθήσεται καὶ ἀμφότερα ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου ἐκπορεύεται
If you blow upon a spark, it will blaze; and if you spit upon it, it will be quenched; and both come out of your mouth.
The same mouth can ignite or extinguish conflict, making speech the decisive instrument of escalation or peace.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυσήσῃςblowVA AAS2S · φυσάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφυσάω: meaning 'blow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σπινθῆραsparkN3H ASM · σπινθήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπινθήρ: meaning 'spark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκκαήσεταιwill blazeVD FPI3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαίω + ἐκ: meaning 'will blaze'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πτύσῃςspitVA AAS2S · πτύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπτύω: meaning 'spit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σβεσθήσεταιquenchVS FPI3S · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσβέννυμι: meaning 'quench'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A NPN · ἀμφότεροιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματόςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκπορεύεται+ εκV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning '+ εκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
ψίθυρον καὶ δίγλωσσον καταράσασθε πολλοὺς γὰρ εἰρηνεύοντας ἀπώλεσεν
Curse the whisperer and the double-tongued person, for it has destroyed many living at peace.
The whisperer and double-tongued speaker are cursed because their speech destroys peace that others had established.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ψίθυρονwhispererA1B ASM · ψίθυροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψίθυρος: meaning 'whisperer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίγλωσσονdouble-tonguedA1B ASM · δίγλωσσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίγλωσσος: meaning 'double-tongued'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καταράσασθεcurseVA AMD2P · ἀράομαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀράομαι + κατα: meaning 'curse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰρηνεύονταςliving at peaceV1 · παπαπμ εἰρηνεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ εἰρηνεύω: meaning 'living at peace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπώλεσενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
γλῶσσα τρίτη πολλοὺς ἐσάλευσεν καὶ διέστησεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ ἔθνους εἰς ἔθνος καὶ πόλεις ὀχυρὰς καθεῖλεν καὶ οἰκίας μεγιστάνων κατέστρεψεν
A third tongue has shaken many and scattered them from nation to nation, and has torn down strong cities and overthrown the houses of great men.
Sirach magnifies the tongue's damage from private discord to national and civic ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τρίτηthirdA1 NSF · τρίτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐσάλευσενhas shakenVAI AAI3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'has shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέστησενhas scatteredVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + δια: meaning 'has scattered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀχυρὰςstrongA1A APF · ὀχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καθεῖλενtore downVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + κατα: meaning 'tore down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκίαςhousesN1A APF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκία: meaning 'houses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεγιστάνωνnobles / great onesN3 GPM · μεγιστάνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμεγιστάν: meaning 'nobles'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατέστρεψεν+ kataVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + κατα: meaning '+ kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
γλῶσσα τρίτη γυναῖκας ἀνδρείας ἐξέβαλεν καὶ ἐστέρεσεν αὐτὰς τῶν πόνων αὐτῶν
A third tongue has driven out brave women and deprived them of their labors.
The same destructive speech now reaches households, driving out strong women and stripping away their labor.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τρίτηthirdA1 NSF · τρίτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνδρείαςbraveA1A APF · ἀνδρεῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'brave'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξέβαλενexpelledVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'expelled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστέρεσενhas deprivedVAI AAI3S · στερέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστερέω: meaning 'has deprived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόνωνpainN2 GPM · πόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόνος: meaning 'pain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνhis/theirRD GPF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
ὁ προσέχων αὐτῇ οὐ μὴ εὕρῃ ἀνάπαυσιν οὐδὲ κατασκηνώσει μεθ' ἡσυχίας
The one who pays attention to it will find no rest, nor will he dwell in quietness.
Whoever gives the tongue a hearing loses quiet and stable dwelling.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσέχωνgiving heedV1 · παπνσμ ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἔχω + προς: meaning 'giving heed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕρῃshe findsVB AAS3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'she finds'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνάπαυσινrestN3I ASF · ἀνάπαυσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'rest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατασκηνώσειsettleVF FAI3S · σκηνόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκηνόω + κατα: meaning 'settle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡσυχίαςquietnessN1A GSF · ἡσυχίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡσυχία: meaning 'quietness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
πληγὴ μάστιγος ποιεῖ μώλωπα πληγὴ δὲ γλώσσης συγκλάσει ὀστᾶ
A blow of a whip makes a bruise, but a blow of the tongue will break bones.
Speech is more penetrating than corporal punishment: it fractures the inner frame like broken bones.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πληγὴplague / blowN1 NSF · πληγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπληγή: meaning 'plague'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μάστιγοςscourgeN3G GSF · μάστιξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμάστιξ: meaning 'scourge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ποιεῖdo / makeV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μώλωπαμώλωψN3P ASM · μώλωψaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμώλωψ: meaning 'μώλωψ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πληγὴplague / blowN1 NSF · πληγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπληγή: meaning 'plague'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συγκλάσειhe will shatterVF FAI3S · κλαίω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκλαίω + συν: meaning 'he will shatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
πολλοὶ ἔπεσαν ἐν στόματι μαχαίρας καὶ οὐχ ὡς οἱ πεπτωκότες διὰ γλῶσσαν
Many fell by the mouth of the sword, but not like those fallen because of a tongue.
The unit intensifies again by judging ruin through speech more deadly than ruin through literal weapons.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔπεσανfellVAI AAI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μαχαίραςswordN1A APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεπτωκότεςthose who had fallenVX · χαπνπμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ πίπτω: meaning 'those who had fallen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γλῶσσανtongueN1S ASF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
μακάριος ὁ σκεπασθεὶς ἀπ' αὐτῆς ὃς οὐ διῆλθεν ἐν τῷ θυμῷ αὐτῆς ὃς οὐχ εἵλκυσεν τὸν ζυγὸν αὐτῆς καὶ ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς αὐτῆς οὐκ ἐδέθη
Blessed is the one sheltered from it, who did not pass through its wrath, who did not draw its yoke, and in its bonds was not bound.
Blessedness belongs to the one who never came under the tongue's wrathful domination.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεπασθεὶςshelteredVS · αππνσμ σκεπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ σκεπάζω: meaning 'sheltered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διῆλθενpass throughVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἵλκυσενbrought forwardVAI AAI3S · ἕλκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἕλκω: meaning 'brought forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζυγὸνyokeN2 ASM · ζυγόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεσμοῖςfettersN2 DPM · δεσμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεσμός: meaning 'fetters'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδέθηwas boundVCI API3S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδέω: meaning 'was bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ὁ γὰρ ζυγὸς αὐτῆς ζυγὸς σιδηροῦς καὶ οἱ δεσμοὶ αὐτῆς δεσμοὶ χάλκειοι
For its yoke is an iron yoke, and its bonds are bronze bonds.
The tongue enslaves like iron and bronze restraints, making indiscipline a form of captivity.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζυγὸςyokeN2 NSM · ζυγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ζυγὸςyokeN2 NSM · ζυγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σιδηροῦςironA1C NSM · σιδηροῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσιδηροῦς: meaning 'iron'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεσμοὶbondsN2 NPM · δεσμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεσμός: meaning 'bonds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δεσμοὶbondsN2 NPM · δεσμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεσμός: meaning 'bonds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χάλκειοιbronzeA1 NPM · χάλκειοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάλκειος: meaning 'bronze'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
21
θάνατος πονηρὸς ὁ θάνατος αὐτῆς καὶ λυσιτελὴς μᾶλλον ὁ ᾅδης αὐτῆς
Its death is an evil death, and Hades is more profitable than it.
Its end is so destructive that even Hades is rhetorically called preferable.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πονηρὸςevilA1A NSM · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυσιτελὴςmore profitableA3H NSM · λυσιτελήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλυσιτελής: meaning 'more profitable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μᾶλλονratherD · μᾶλλονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμᾶλλον: meaning 'rather'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾅδηςHades / SheolN1M NSM · ᾅδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceᾅδης: meaning 'Hades'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
οὐ μὴ κρατήσῃ εὐσεβῶν καὶ ἐν τῇ φλογὶ αὐτῆς οὐ καήσονται
It will not prevail over the godly, and in its flame they will not be burned.
For all its power, the destructive tongue does not finally master the godly.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρατήσῃhold fastVA AAS3S · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκρατέω: meaning 'hold fast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐσεβῶνgodlyA3H GPM · εὐσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσεβής: meaning 'godly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φλογὶflameN3G DSF · φλόξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφλόξ: meaning 'flame'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καήσονταιbe burnedVD FPI3P · καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαίω: meaning 'be burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
οἱ καταλείποντες κύριον ἐμπεσοῦνται εἰς αὐτήν καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐκκαήσεται καὶ οὐ μὴ σβεσθῇ ἐπαποσταλήσεται αὐτοῖς ὡς λέων καὶ ὡς πάρδαλις λυμανεῖται αὐτούς
Those who forsake the Lord will fall into it, and it will blaze among them and will not be quenched. It will be sent against them like a lion, and like a leopard it will ravage them.
Those who forsake the Lord become proper prey for the destructive force they refused to restrain.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλείποντεςforsakingV1 · παπνπμ λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λείπω + κατα: meaning 'forsaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμπεσοῦνταιwill fall intoVF FMI3P · πίπτω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω + ἐν: meaning 'will fall into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκκαήσεταιwill blazeVD FPI3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαίω + ἐκ: meaning 'will blaze'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σβεσθῇbe quenchedVS APS3S · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσβέννυμι: meaning 'be quenched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπαποσταλήσεταιwill be sentVD FPI3S · στέλλω + ἐπι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐπι + ἀπο: meaning 'will be sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάρδαλιςleopardN3I NSF · πάρδαλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπάρδαλις: meaning 'leopard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λυμανεῖταιwill ravageVF2 FMI3S · λυμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλυμαίνω: meaning 'will ravage'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
ἰδὲ περίφραξον τὸ κτῆμά σου ἀκάνθαις τὸ ἀργύριόν σου καὶ τὸ χρυσίον κατάδησον
See, fence your possession with thorns; bind up your silver and your gold.
The movement from fencing land to fencing speech shows that words require as much guarding as valuables do.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἰδὲseeVB AAD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περίφραξονfenceVA AAD2S · φράσσω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφράσσω + περι: meaning 'fence'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτῆμάpossessionN3M ASN · κτῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκτῆμα: meaning 'possession'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀκάνθαιςthornN1A DPF · ἄκανθαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄκανθα: meaning 'thorn'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριόνmoneyN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'money'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατάδησονbind upVA AAD2S · δέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδέω + κατα: meaning 'bind up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
καὶ τοῖς λόγοις σου ποίησον ζυγὸν καὶ σταθμὸν καὶ τῷ στόματί σου ποίησον θύραν καὶ μοχλόν
And for your words make a yoke and a balance, and for your mouth make a door and a bolt.
Sirach layers metaphors of yoke, scale, door, and bolt to portray speech as something to be measured and shut.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποίησονdoVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζυγὸνyokeN2 ASM · ζυγόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σταθμὸνweightN2 ASM · σταθμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσταθμός: meaning 'weight'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματίmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποίησονdoVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θύρανdoorN1A ASF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοχλόνboltN2 ASM · μοχλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμοχλός: meaning 'bolt'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
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πρόσεχε μήπως ὀλίσθῃς ἐν αὐτῇ μὴ πέσῃς κατέναντι ἐνεδρεύοντος
Take care lest you slip by it and fall before one who lies in wait.
The conclusion returns to watchfulness: failure in speech becomes the place where an ambush succeeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πρόσεχεattendV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'attend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μήπωςlest perhapsD · μήπωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήπως: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλίσθῃςslipVS APS2S · ὀλισθαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀλισθαίνω: meaning 'slip'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέσῃςfallVA AAS2S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεδρεύοντοςone who lies in waitV1 · παπγσμ ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'one who lies in wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.