1
ὁ ποιῶν ἔλεος δανιεῖ τῷ πλησίον καὶ ὁ ἐπισχύων τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ τηρεῖ ἐντολάς
The one who shows mercy will lend to his neighbor, and the one who strengthens him with his hand keeps the commandments.
The unit begins by redefining lending as an act of mercy that fulfills the commandments rather than merely a financial transaction.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῶνdoing / workingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δανιεῖwill lendVF2 FAI3S · δανείζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδανείζω: meaning 'will lend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισχύωνstrengtheningV1 · παπνσμ ἰσχύω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἰσχύω + ἐπι: meaning 'strengthening'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τηρεῖkeep / preserveV2 PAI3S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτηρέω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολάςEntolasN1A APF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'Entolas'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
δάνεισον τῷ πλησίον ἐν καιρῷ χρείας αὐτοῦ καὶ πάλιν ἀπόδος τῷ πλησίον εἰς τὸν καιρόν
Lend to your neighbor in his time of need, and in turn repay your neighbor at the appointed time.
Neighbor love includes both timely assistance and timely repayment.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
δάνεισονlendVA AAD2S · δανείζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδανείζω: meaning 'lend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χρείαςpositionN1A GSF · χρείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρεία: meaning 'position'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλιν: meaning 'again'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπόδοςpay backVO AAD2S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'pay back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρόνseasonN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'season'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
στερέωσον λόγον καὶ πιστώθητι μετ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ εὑρήσεις τὴν χρείαν σου
Make your word good and be faithful with him, and at every time you will find what you need.
Economic trust depends on speech kept firm and reliable across time.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
στερέωσονmake firmVA AAD2S · στερεόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστερεόω: meaning 'make firm'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πιστώθητιbe faithfulVC APD2S · πιστόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπιστόω: meaning 'be faithful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὑρήσειςyou will findVF FAI2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'you will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρείανneedN1A ASF · χρείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
πολλοὶ ὡς εὕρεμα ἐνόμισαν δάνος καὶ παρέσχον κόπον τοῖς βοηθήσασιν αὐτοῖς
Many regarded a loan as a windfall and brought trouble to those who helped them.
Sirach turns quickly from ideal lending to the ugly reality that many borrowers treat loans like found money.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕρεμαwindfallN3M ASN · εὕρεμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὕρεμα: meaning 'windfall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνόμισανthey consideredVAI AAI3P · νομίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνομίζω: meaning 'they considered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δάνοςloanN3E ASN · δάνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδάνος: meaning 'loan'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέσχονbroughtVBI AAI3P · ἔχω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔχω + παρα: meaning 'brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κόπονtoilN2 ASM · κόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκόπος: meaning 'toil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοηθήσασινthose who helpedVA · ααπδπμ βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπδπμ βοηθέω: meaning 'those who helped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
ἕως οὗ λάβῃ καταφιλήσει χεῖρας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν χρημάτων τοῦ πλησίον ταπεινώσει φωνήν καὶ ἐν καιρῷ ἀποδόσεως παρελκύσει χρόνον καὶ ἀποδώσει λόγους ἀκηδίας καὶ τὸν καιρὸν αἰτιάσεται
Until he receives it, he will kiss his neighbor's hands; and concerning his neighbor's money he will humble his voice; but in the time of repayment he will draw out the time and return words of negligence and blame the occasion.
The borrower flatters and softens his voice while receiving, then delays and excuses himself when repayment is due.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λάβῃtookVB AAS3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω: meaning 'took'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταφιλήσειwill kissVF FAI3S · φιλέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφιλέω + κατα: meaning 'will kiss'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρημάτωνmoneyN3M GPN · χρῆμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρῆμα: meaning 'money'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινώσειwill humbleVF FAI3S · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureταπεινόω: meaning 'will humble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνήνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀποδόσεωςrepaymentN3I GSF · ἀπόδοσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀπόδοσις: meaning 'repayment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρελκύσειwill draw outVF FAI3S · ἕλκω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἕλκω + παρα: meaning 'will draw out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποδώσειhe will give backVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'he will give back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀκηδίαςfaintnessN1A GSF · ἀκηδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκηδία: meaning 'faintness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρὸνappointed time / seasonN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰτιάσεταιwill blameVF FMI3S · αἰτιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰτιάομαι: meaning 'will blame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ἐὰν ἰσχύσῃ μόλις κομίσεται τὸ ἥμισυ καὶ λογιεῖται αὐτὸ ὡς εὕρεμα εἰ δὲ μή ἀπεστέρησεν αὐτὸν τῶν χρημάτων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκτήσατο αὐτὸν ἐχθρὸν δωρεάν κατάρας καὶ λοιδορίας ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ καὶ ἀντὶ δόξης ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ἀτιμίαν
If he has strength, he will scarcely recover the half, and he will count it as a windfall; but if not, the borrower has deprived him of his money and made him an enemy without cause; curses and insults he will repay him, and instead of honor he will repay him with dishonor.
Even in the best case the creditor may recover only part, while in the worst case friendship turns into unjust enmity.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύσῃbe strongVA AAS3S · ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἰσχύω: meaning 'be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μόλιςwith difficultyD · μόλιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμόλις: meaning 'with difficulty'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κομίσεταιrecoverVF FMI3S · κομίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκομίζω: meaning 'recover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥμισυhalfA3U ASN · ἥμισυςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἥμισυς: meaning 'half'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λογιεῖταιthinksVF2 FMI3S · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλογίζομαι: meaning 'thinks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕρεμαwindfallN3M ASN · εὕρεμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὕρεμα: meaning 'windfall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μήnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεστέρησενhas deprivedVAI AAI3S · στερέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστερέω + ἀπο: meaning 'has deprived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρημάτωνmoneyN3M GPN · χρῆμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρῆμα: meaning 'money'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτήσατοacquiredVAI AMI3S · κτάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτάομαι: meaning 'acquired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐχθρὸνenemyA1A ASM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δωρεάνwithout paymentN1A ASF · δωρεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδωρεά: meaning 'without payment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατάραςcursesN1A APF · κατάραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκατάρα: meaning 'curses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λοιδορίαςreproachesN1A APF · λοιδορίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλοιδορία: meaning 'reproaches'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποδώσειhe will give backVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'he will give back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποδώσειhe will give backVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'he will give back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀτιμίανἀτιμίαN1A ASF · ἀτιμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀτιμία: meaning 'ἀτιμία'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
7
πολλοὶ οὐ χάριν πονηρίας ἀπέστρεψαν ἀποστερηθῆναι δωρεὰν εὐλαβήθησαν
Many turned away not because of wickedness, but because they were afraid of being deprived for nothing.
Some withhold loans not from malice but from fear of unrecoverable loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πονηρίαςof wickednessN1A GSF · πονηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρία: meaning 'of wickedness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπέστρεψανbring back / turn backVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'bring back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποστερηθῆναιto be deprivedVC APN · στερέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementστερέω + ἀπο: meaning 'to be deprived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δωρεὰνfree giftN1A ASF · δωρεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδωρεά: meaning 'free gift'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐλαβήθησανwere afraidVC API3P · εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'were afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
πλὴν ἐπὶ ταπεινῷ μακροθύμησον καὶ ἐπ' ἐλεημοσύνῃ μὴ παρελκύσῃς αὐτόν
Nevertheless be long-suffering with the humble, and do not make him wait for almsgiving.
Sirach answers financial realism not with hardness but with patient generosity toward the genuinely humble.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταπεινῷthe lowlyA1 DSM · ταπεινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταπεινός: meaning 'the lowly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μακροθύμησονbe long-sufferingVA AAD2S · μακροθυμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμακροθυμέω: meaning 'be long-suffering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐλεημοσύνῃmercyN1 DSF · ἐλεημοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρελκύσῃςmake waitVA AAS2S · ἕλκω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἕλκω + παρα: meaning 'make wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
χάριν ἐντολῆς ἀντιλαβοῦ πένητος καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἔνδειαν αὐτοῦ μὴ ἀποστρέψῃς αὐτὸν κενόν
For the sake of the commandment help the poor, and according to his need do not send him away empty.
Aid to the poor is grounded in commandment, so need should not be dismissed with empty hands.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐντολῆςEntolasN1 GSF · ἐντολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐντολή: meaning 'Entolas'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀντιλαβοῦhelp / supportVB AMD2S · λαμβάνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πένητοςpoor manN3T GSM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'poor man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔνδειανneedN1A ASF · ἔνδειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔνδεια: meaning 'need'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστρέψῃςturn awayVA AAS2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κενόνemptyA1 ASM · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκενός: meaning 'empty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
ἀπόλεσον ἀργύριον δι' ἀδελφὸν καὶ φίλον καὶ μὴ ἰωθήτω ὑπὸ τὸν λίθον εἰς ἀπώλειαν
Lose your silver for a brother and a friend, and do not let it rust under a stone to destruction.
Silver is better risked for brother and friend than buried uselessly until it corrodes into nothing.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀπόλεσονdestroyVA AAD2S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φίλονfriendA1 ASM · φίλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰωθήτωlet it rustVC APD3S · ἰόομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἰόομαι: meaning 'let it rust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθονstonesN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
θὲς τὸν θησαυρόν σου κατ' ἐντολὰς ὑψίστου καὶ λυσιτελήσει σοι μᾶλλον ἢ τὸ χρυσίον
Lay up your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High, and it will profit you more than gold.
Obedience to the Most High creates a better treasury than literal gold.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
θὲςset / placeVE AAD2S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτίθημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυρόνtreasureN2 ASM · θησαυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'treasure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsN1A APF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυσιτελήσειwill profitVF FAI3S · λυσιτελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλυσιτελέω: meaning 'will profit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μᾶλλονratherD · μᾶλλονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμᾶλλον: meaning 'rather'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
σύγκλεισον ἐλεημοσύνην ἐν τοῖς ταμιείοις σου καὶ αὕτη ἐξελεῖταί σε ἐκ πάσης κακώσεως
Shut up almsgiving in your storehouses, and it will rescue you from every affliction.
Mercy placed in reserve becomes the resource that rescues in affliction.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
σύγκλεισονshut upVA AAD2S · κλείω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλείω + συν: meaning 'shut up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλεημοσύνηνalmsgivingN1 ASF · ἐλεημοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'almsgiving'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταμιείοιςinner roomN2N DPN · ταμιεῖονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταμιεῖον: meaning 'inner room'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξελεῖταίwill deliverVF2 FMI3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'will deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κακώσεωςafflictionN3I GSF · κάκωσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάκωσις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
ὑπὲρ ἀσπίδα κράτους καὶ ὑπὲρ δόρυ ὁλκῆς κατέναντι ἐχθροῦ πολεμήσει ὑπὲρ σοῦ
More than a mighty shield and more than a heavy spear, it will fight for you against the enemy.
Charity fights more effectively than military equipment because it brings divine defense.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀσπίδαshieldN3D ASF · ἀσπίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσπίς: meaning 'shield'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κράτουςmightN3E GSN · κράτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκράτος: meaning 'might'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δόρυspearN3 ASN · δόρυaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόρυ: meaning 'spear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁλκῆςweightN1 GSF · ὁλκήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁλκή: meaning 'weight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχθροῦenemyA1A GSM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολεμήσειwill fightVF FAI3S · πολεμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπολεμέω: meaning 'will fight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς ἐγγυήσεται τὸν πλησίον καὶ ὁ ἀπολωλεκὼς αἰσχύνην ἐγκαταλείψει αὐτόν
A good man will stand surety for his neighbor, but one who has lost shame will abandon him.
A good man risks himself for another, but shamelessness is the trait that makes abandonment possible.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγγυήσεταιwill stand suretyV3 FPI3S · ἐγγυάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐγγυάω: meaning 'will stand surety'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπολωλεκὼςhaving lostVX · χαπνσμ ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ ὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'having lost'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰσχύνηνshameN1 ASF · αἰσχύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγκαταλείψειthey forsookVF FAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
χάριτας ἐγγύου μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ ἔδωκεν γὰρ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ὑπὲρ σοῦ
Do not forget the kindness of a guarantor, for he gave his life for you.
The guarantor's favor should not be forgotten because he put his own life into the bargain.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
χάριταςcharisN3T APF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'charis'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγγύουguarantorA1B GSN · ἔγγυοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔγγυος: meaning 'guarantor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθῃforgetVB AAS3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
ἀγαθὰ ἐγγύου ἀνατρέψει ἁμαρτωλός καὶ ἀχάριστος ἐν διανοίᾳ ἐγκαταλείψει ῥυσάμενον
A sinner will overturn the good things of a guarantor, and one ungrateful in mind will abandon his rescuer.
The sinner and the ungrateful person squander or overturn precisely the good that saved them.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγγύουguarantorA1B GSN · ἔγγυοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔγγυος: meaning 'guarantor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνατρέψειwill overturnVF FAI3S · τρέπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρέπω + ἀνα: meaning 'will overturn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτωλόςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀχάριστοςungratefulA1B NSM · ἀχάριστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀχάριστος: meaning 'ungrateful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διανοίᾳmind / understandingN1A DSF · διάνοιαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιάνοια: meaning 'mind'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐγκαταλείψειthey forsookVF FAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥυσάμενονῥυσάμενονVA · αμπασμ ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπασμ ῥύομαι: meaning 'ῥυσάμενον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἐγγύη πολλοὺς ἀπώλεσεν κατευθύνοντας καὶ ἐσάλευσεν αὐτοὺς ὡς κῦμα θαλάσσης
Surety has destroyed many who were upright and shaken them like a wave of the sea.
What can be noble in one case becomes broadly dangerous, destroying even upright men by its instability.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐγγύηsuretyA1 NSF · ἐγγύηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐγγύη: meaning 'surety'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπώλεσενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατευθύνονταςgoing straightV1 · παπαπμ εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ εὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'going straight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσάλευσενhas shakenVAI AAI3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'has shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κῦμαwaveN3M NSN · κῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκῦμα: meaning 'wave'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
ἄνδρας δυνατοὺς ἀπῴκισεν καὶ ἐπλανήθησαν ἐν ἔθνεσιν ἀλλοτρίοις
It has driven strong men from home, and they wandered among foreign nations.
Financial entanglement can displace the strong and turn them into wanderers among foreigners.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἄνδραςmenN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δυνατοὺςmightyA1 APM · δυνατόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδυνατός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπῴκισενcarry awayVAI AAI3S · οἰκίζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἰκίζω + ἀπο: meaning 'carry away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλανήθησανthey were led astrayVCI API3P · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπλανάω: meaning 'they were led astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλλοτρίοιςforeignA1A DPN · ἀλλότριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
19
ἁμαρτωλὸς ἐμπεσὼν εἰς ἐγγύην καὶ διώκων ἐργολαβίας ἐμπεσεῖται εἰς κρίσεις
A sinner falling into surety and pursuing contracts will fall into judgments.
The sinner who entangles himself in surety and contracts ends in judicial trouble.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἁμαρτωλὸςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμπεσὼνfall intoVB · ααπνσμ πίπτω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πίπτω + ἐν: meaning 'fall into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐγγύηνsuretyN1 ASF · ἐγγύηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐγγύη: meaning 'surety'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διώκωνpursuingV1 · παπνσμ διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ διώκω: meaning 'pursuing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐργολαβίαςcontractsN1A APF · ἐργολάβειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐργολάβεια: meaning 'contracts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμπεσεῖταιfall intoVF FMI3S · πίπτω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω + ἐν: meaning 'fall into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίσειςlawsuitsN3I APF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'lawsuits'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
ἀντιλαβοῦ τοῦ πλησίον κατὰ δύναμίν σου καὶ πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ μὴ ἐμπέσῃς
Help your neighbor according to your ability, and take heed to yourself lest you fall.
Generosity must be practiced according to ability, with self-watchfulness so that the helper does not collapse too.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀντιλαβοῦhelp / supportVB AMD2S · λαμβάνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δύναμίνδύναμίνN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'δύναμίν'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόσεχεattendV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'attend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπέσῃςfall intoVA AAS2S · πίπτω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίπτω + ἐν: meaning 'fall into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
ἀρχὴ ζωῆς ὕδωρ καὶ ἄρτος καὶ ἱμάτιον καὶ οἶκος καλύπτων ἀσχημοσύνην
The beginning of life is water and bread and clothing and a house covering nakedness.
The unit grounds human need in simple necessities: water, bread, clothing, and shelter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀρχὴdominionsN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'dominions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρτοςbreadN2 NSM · ἄρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱμάτιονgarment / cloakN2N NSN · ἱμάτιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱμάτιον: meaning 'garment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καλύπτωνcoveringV1 · παπνσμ καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ καλύπτω: meaning 'covering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσχημοσύνηνdishonorN1 ASF · ἀσχημοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
22
κρείσσων βίος πτωχοῦ ὑπὸ σκέπην δοκῶν ἢ ἐδέσματα λαμπρὰ ἐν ἀλλοτρίοις
Better is the life of a poor man under a shelter of beams than splendid foods in another's house.
Even poor shelter is better than luxurious dependence in another's home.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βίοςlifeN2 NSM · βίοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πτωχοῦpoorN2 GSM · πτωχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκέπηνcoverN1 ASF · σκέπηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκέπης: meaning 'cover'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δοκῶνof beamsN2 GPF · δοκόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδοκός: meaning 'of beams'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδέσματαfoodsN3M NPN · ἔδεσμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔδεσμα: meaning 'foods'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαμπρὰsplendidA1A APN · λαμπρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαμπρός: meaning 'splendid'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀλλοτρίοιςforeignerA1A DPM · ἀλλότριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreigner'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
23
ἐπὶ μικρῷ καὶ μεγάλῳ εὐδοκίαν ἔχε καὶ ὀνειδισμὸν παροικίας οὐ μὴ ἀκούσῃς
With little and with much keep a good will, and you will not hear the reproach of being a lodger.
A willing spirit in little or much helps one avoid the shame of hearing reproach as a dependent.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μικρῷlittleA1A DSN · μικρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμικρός: meaning 'little'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγάλῳgreatA1 DSN · μέγαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐδοκίανgood pleasureN1A ASF · εὐδοκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐδοκία: meaning 'good pleasure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχεhaveV1 PAD2S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνειδισμὸνreproach / disgraceN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παροικίαςsojourningN1A GSF · παροικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαροικία: meaning 'sojourning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούσῃςyou hearVA AAS2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω: meaning 'you hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
ζωὴ πονηρὰ ἐξ οἰκίας εἰς οἰκίαν καὶ οὗ παροικήσεις οὐκ ἀνοίξεις στόμα
A miserable life is going from house to house, and where you sojourn you will not open your mouth.
Life as a wandering guest is miserable because speech itself becomes constrained under another's roof.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ζωὴlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πονηρὰgrievousA1A NSF · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρός: meaning 'grievous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροικήσειςyou sojournVF FAI2S · οἰκέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'you sojourn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίξειςyou will openVF FAI2S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'you will open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
25
ξενιεῖς καὶ ποτιεῖς εἰς ἀχάριστα καὶ πρὸς ἐπὶ τούτοις πικρὰ ἀκούσῃ
You will host and give drink to the ungrateful, and besides these things you will hear bitter words:
The dependent person may still labor and serve, yet hear only harsh words in return.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ξενιεῖςyou will hostVF2 FAI2S · ξενίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureξενίζω: meaning 'you will host'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποτιεῖςyou will give to drinkVF FAI2S · ποτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποτίζω: meaning 'you will give to drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀχάρισταthe ungratefulA1B APN · ἀχάριστοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀχάριστος: meaning 'the ungrateful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τούτοιςthisRD DPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πικρὰbitterA1A APN · πικρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπικρός: meaning 'bitter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀκούσῃyou shall hearVF FMI2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω: meaning 'you shall hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
πάρελθε πάροικε κόσμησον τράπεζαν καὶ εἴ τι ἐν τῇ χειρί σου ψώμισόν με
'Come, lodger, set the table in order, and if you have anything in your hand, feed me with it.'
The humiliating direct speech makes the social shame of dependence concrete and audible.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πάρελθεcomeVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + παρα: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάροικεlodgerVB AAD2S · οἰκέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'lodger'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κόσμησονset in orderVA AAD2S · κοσμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκοσμέω: meaning 'set in order'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τράπεζανtableN1S ASF · τράπεζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτράπεζα: meaning 'table'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιanythingRI NSN · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτι: meaning 'anything'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρίhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψώμισόνfeedVA AAD2S · ψωμίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateψωμίζω: meaning 'feed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
27
ἔξελθε πάροικε ἀπὸ προσώπου δόξης ἐπεξένωταί μοι ὁ ἀδελφός χρεία τῆς οἰκίας
'Go out, lodger, from before honor; my brother has become a guest to me, and I have need of the house.'
The guest is displaced again in the name of household priority, underscoring his lack of secure place.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἔξελθεgo outVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάροικεlodgerVB AAD2S · οἰκέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'lodger'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπεξένωταίhas become a guestVM XMI3S · ξενόομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateξενόομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'has become a guest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόςbrotherN2 NSM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρείαneedN1A NSF · χρείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
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βαρέα ταῦτα ἀνθρώπῳ ἔχοντι φρόνησιν ἐπιτίμησις οἰκίας καὶ ὀνειδισμὸς δανειστοῦ
These things are heavy to a man of understanding: rebuke in the house and the reproach of a lender.
For a person of understanding, domestic rebuke and creditor's reproach are among the heaviest forms of social pain.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
βαρέαheavyA3U NPN · βαρύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβαρύς: meaning 'heavy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔχοντιhaveV1 · παπδσμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσμ ἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φρόνησινprudenceN3I ASF · φρόνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'prudence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιτίμησιςrebukeN3I NSF · ἐπιτίμησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιτίμησις: meaning 'rebuke'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνειδισμὸςreproachN2 NSM · ὀνειδισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δανειστοῦlenderN1M GSM · δανειστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδανειστής: meaning 'lender'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.