1
ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐνδελεχήσει μάστιγας αὐτῷ ἵνα εὐφρανθῇ ἐπ' ἐσχάτων αὐτοῦ
The one who loves his son will continue scourges for him, so that he may rejoice in his latter end.
The unit begins by defining paternal love not as indulgence but as sustained correction aimed at later joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαπῶνloveV3 · παπνσμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνδελεχήσειwill continueVF FAI3S · δελεχέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδελεχέω + ἐν: meaning 'will continue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάστιγαςscourgeN3G APF · μάστιξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάστιξ: meaning 'scourge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφρανθῇmay rejoiceVC APS3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὐφραίνω: meaning 'may rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτωνlatter endA1 GPN · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'latter end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
ὁ παιδεύων τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ὀνήσεται ἐπ' αὐτῷ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον γνωρίμων ἐπ' αὐτῷ καυχήσεται
The one who disciplines his son will profit by him, and among acquaintances he will boast concerning him.
The disciplined son becomes both practical benefit and public boast to his father.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδεύωνdiscipliningV1 · παπνσμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ παιδεύω: meaning 'disciplining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀνήσεταιwill profitVF FMI3S · ὀνίνημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀνίνημι: meaning 'will profit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γνωρίμωνacquaintancesA1B GPM · γνώριμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγνώριμος: meaning 'acquaintances'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καυχήσεταιboastVF FMI3S · καυχάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαυχάομαι: meaning 'boast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
ὁ διδάσκων τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ παραζηλώσει τὸν ἐχθρὸν καὶ ἔναντι φίλων ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἀγαλλιάσεται
The one who teaches his son will make his enemy jealous, and before friends he will exult over him.
Instruction of a son yields social vindication: enemies envy and friends witness the father's success.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διδάσκωνteachV1 · παπνσμ διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ διδάσκω: meaning 'teach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παραζηλώσειwill make jealousVF FAI3S · ζηλόω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζηλόω + παρα: meaning 'will make jealous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρὸνenemyA1A ASM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φίλωνfriendA1 GPM · φίλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγαλλιάσεταιexultVF FMI3S · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'exult'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ἐτελεύτησεν αὐτοῦ ὁ πατήρ καὶ ὧς οὐκ ἀπέθανεν ὅμοιον γὰρ αὐτῷ κατέλιπεν μετ' αὐτόν
His father died, and yet it is as though he did not die, for he left behind one like himself after him.
A well-formed son functions as the father's living continuation, so death does not wholly erase him.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐτελεύτησενact/doVAI AAI3S · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτελευτάω: meaning 'act'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὧςthusC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὧς: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅμοιονlikeA1A ASM · ὅμοιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅμοιος: meaning 'like'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέλιπενleftVBI AAI3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + κατα: meaning 'left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
ἐν τῇ ζωῇ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν καὶ εὐφράνθη καὶ ἐν τῇ τελευτῇ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐλυπήθη
In his life he saw and rejoiced, and in his death he was not grieved.
The father's joy in his son relieves both present life and the sorrow of dying.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωῇlifeN1 DSF · ζωήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφράνθηrejoicedVC API3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoiced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελευτῇτελευτῇN1 DSF · τελευτήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτελευτή: meaning 'τελευτῇ'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλυπήθηwas grievedVCI API3S · λυπέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλυπέω: meaning 'was grieved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ἐναντίον ἐχθρῶν κατέλιπεν ἔκδικον καὶ τοῖς φίλοις ἀνταποδιδόντα χάριν
Before enemies he left behind an avenger, and one repaying favor to friends.
The son remains after the father as both avenger against enemies and benefactor toward friends.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐχθρῶνenemyA1A GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατέλιπενleftVBI AAI3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + κατα: meaning 'left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔκδικονavengerA1 ASM · ἔκδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔκδικος: meaning 'avenger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φίλοιςfriendA1 DPM · φίλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνταποδιδόνταrepayingV8 · παπασμ δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'repaying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
7
περιψύχων υἱὸν καταδεσμεύσει τραύματα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ πάσῃ βοῇ ταραχθήσεται σπλάγχνα αὐτοῦ
The one who pets his son will bind up his wounds, and at every cry his inward parts will be troubled.
The coddling parent binds his own wounds because every cry of the child shakes his inward life.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
περιψύχωνpettingV1 · παπνσμ ψύχω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ψύχω + περι: meaning 'petting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καταδεσμεύσειwill bind upVF FAI3S · δεσμεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδεσμεύω + κατα: meaning 'will bind up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τραύματαwoundsN3M APN · τραῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτραῦμα: meaning 'wounds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βοῇcryN1 DSF · βοήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβοή: meaning 'cry'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταραχθήσεταιtrouble / shakeVQ FPI3S · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureταράσσω: meaning 'trouble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σπλάγχναcompassionsN2N NPN · σπλάγχνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσπλάγχνον: meaning 'compassions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
ἵππος ἀδάμαστος ἐκβαίνει σκληρός καὶ υἱὸς ἀνειμένος ἐκβαίνει προαλής
An unbroken horse turns out stubborn, and a son left to himself turns out headstrong.
The untrained horse becomes the governing comparison for the child left to his own impulses.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἵπποςhorseN2 NSM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀδάμαστοςunbrokenA1B NSM · ἀδάμαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδάμαστος: meaning 'unbroken'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκβαίνειturns outV1 PAI3S · βαίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβαίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turns out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκληρόςhardA1A NSM · σκληρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκληρός: meaning 'hard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνειμένοςleft to himselfVM · χμπνσμ ἵημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ ἵημι + ἀνα: meaning 'left to himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκβαίνειturns outV1 PAI3S · βαίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβαίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turns out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προαλήςheadstrongA3H NSM · προαλήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροαλής: meaning 'headstrong'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
τιθήνησον τέκνον καὶ ἐκθαμβήσει σε σύμπαιξον αὐτῷ καὶ λυπήσει σε
Pamper a child and he will astonish you; play with him and he will grieve you.
Unmeasured softness produces not peace but future astonishment and pain.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τιθήνησονpamperVA AAD2S · τιθηνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτιθηνέω: meaning 'pamper'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τέκνονchildN2N ASN · τέκνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκθαμβήσειwill astonishVF FAI3S · θαμβέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθαμβέω + ἐκ: meaning 'will astonish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σύμπαιξονplay withVA AAD2S · παίζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαίζω + συν: meaning 'play with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυπήσειwill grieveVF FAI3S · λυπέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλυπέω: meaning 'will grieve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
μὴ συγγελάσῃς αὐτῷ ἵνα μὴ συνοδυνηθῇς καὶ ἐπ' ἐσχάτων γομφιάσεις τοὺς ὀδόντας σου
Do not laugh with him, lest you grieve together and in the end gnash your teeth.
Shared laughter without discipline leads eventually to shared grief and bitter regret.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συγγελάσῃςlaugh withVA AAS2S · γελάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγελάω + συν: meaning 'laugh with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνοδυνηθῇςgrieve togetherVA AAS2S · ὀδυνάομαι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀδυνάομαι + συν: meaning 'grieve together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτωνlatter endA1 GPN · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'latter end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γομφιάσειςgnashVF FAI2S · γομφιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγομφιάζω: meaning 'gnash'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀδόνταςὀδούςN3 APM · ὀδούςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀδούς: meaning 'ὀδούς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
μὴ δῷς αὐτῷ ἐξουσίαν ἐν νεότητι
Do not give him authority in his youth.
Authority must not be surrendered prematurely to immature impulses.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξουσίανauthorityN1A ASF · ἐξουσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐξουσία: meaning 'authority'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεότητιyouthN3T DSF · νεότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
12
θλάσον τὰς πλευρὰς αὐτοῦ ὡς ἔστιν νήπιος μήποτε σκληρυνθεὶς ἀπειθήσῃ σοι
Bruise his ribs while he is a child, lest having grown hard he disobey you.
Sirach's severe corporal image underlines his conviction that early correction prevents later hardening and rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
θλάσονbruiseVA AAD2S · θλάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateθλάω: meaning 'bruise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλευρὰςribsN1A APF · πλευράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλευρά: meaning 'ribs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νήπιοςinfantA1A NSM · νήπιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνήπιος: meaning 'infant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκληρυνθεὶςhaving grown hardVC · αππνσμ σκληρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ σκληρύνω: meaning 'having grown hard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπειθήσῃdisobeyVA AAS3S · ἀπειθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀπειθέω: meaning 'disobey'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
παίδευσον τὸν υἱόν σου καὶ ἔργασαι ἐν αὐτῷ ἵνα μὴ ἐν τῇ ἀσχημοσύνῃ αὐτοῦ προσκόψῃς
Discipline your son and work with him, lest you stumble over his shame.
The father must labor in the child's formation now or else stumble over the shame he later produces.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
παίδευσονdisciplineVA AAD2S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαιδεύω: meaning 'discipline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱόνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔργασαιworkVA AMD2S · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐργάζομαι: meaning 'work'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσχημοσύνῃshameN1 DSF · ἀσχημοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀσχημοσύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσκόψῃςyou strikeVA AAS2S · κόπτω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκόπτω + προς: meaning 'you strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
κρείσσων πτωχὸς ὑγιὴς καὶ ἰσχύων τῇ ἕξει ἢ πλούσιος μεμαστιγωμένος εἰς σῶμα αὐτοῦ
Better is a poor man who is healthy and strong in constitution than a rich man scourged in his body.
The unit now pivots from child discipline to the value of embodied soundness over affluent bodily misery.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πτωχὸςpoorN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑγιὴςwellA3H NSM · ὑγιήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑγιής: meaning 'well'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύωνbe strongV1 · παπνσμ ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἰσχύω: meaning 'be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕξειframeN3I DSF · ἕξιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἕξις: meaning 'frame'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλούσιοςthe richA1A NSM · πλούσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλούσιος: meaning 'the rich'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεμαστιγωμένοςscourgeVM · χμπνσμ μαστιγόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ μαστιγόω: meaning 'scourge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
ὑγίεια καὶ εὐεξία βελτίων παντὸς χρυσίου καὶ σῶμα εὔρωστον ἢ ὄλβος ἀμέτρητος
Health and good condition are better than all gold, and a sturdy body than immeasurable wealth.
Bodily well-being is ranked above treasure because wealth cannot substitute for vigor.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὑγίειαhealthN1A NSF · ὑγίειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑγίεια: meaning 'health'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐεξίαgood conditionN1A NSF · εὐεξίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐεξία: meaning 'good condition'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βελτίωνbetterA3C NSF · βελτίωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβελτίων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σῶμαbodyN3M NSN · σῶμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὔρωστονsturdyA1B NSN · εὔρωστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὔρωστος: meaning 'sturdy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄλβοςwealthN2 NSM · ὄλβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄλβος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀμέτρητοςimmeasurableA1B NSM · ἀμέτρητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμέτρητος: meaning 'immeasurable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
οὐκ ἔστιν πλοῦτος βελτίων ὑγιείας σώματος καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν εὐφροσύνη ὑπὲρ χαρὰν καρδίας
There is no wealth better than health of body, and there is no gladness beyond joy of heart.
Physical health and inward joy are identified as superior to material abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βελτίωνbetterA3C NSM · βελτίωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβελτίων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑγιείαςhealthN1A GSF · ὑγίειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑγίεια: meaning 'health'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σώματοςsomatosN3M GSN · σῶμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσῶμα: meaning 'somatos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χαρὰνjoyN1A ASF · χαράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχαρά: meaning 'joy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
κρείσσων θάνατος ὑπὲρ ζωὴν πικρὰν καὶ ἀνάπαυσις αἰῶνος ἢ ἀρρώστημα ἔμμονον
Better is death than a bitter life, and everlasting rest than continual sickness.
The saying shocks by claiming that endless illness or bitter life can make death itself seem the better rest.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πικρὰνbitterA1A ASF · πικρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπικρός: meaning 'bitter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάπαυσιςresting placeN3I NSF · ἀνάπαυσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'resting place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρρώστημαsicknessN3M NSN · ἀρρώστημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρρώστημα: meaning 'sickness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔμμονονcontinualA1B NSN · ἔμμονοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔμμονος: meaning 'continual'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
18
ἀγαθὰ ἐκκεχυμένα ἐπὶ στόματι κεκλεισμένῳ θέματα βρωμάτων παρακείμενα ἐπὶ τάφῳ
Good things poured out upon a closed mouth are like dishes of food set beside a tomb.
Food before the shut mouth is wealth rendered useless, an image for prosperity that cannot be enjoyed.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 NPN · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκκεχυμέναpoured outVM · χμπνπν χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπν χέω + ἐκ: meaning 'poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κεκλεισμένῳclosedVT · χμπδσν κλείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπδσν κλείω: meaning 'closed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θέματαdishesN3M NPN · θέμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθέμα: meaning 'dishes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βρωμάτωνfoodsN3M GPN · βρῶμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβρῶμα: meaning 'foods'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρακείμεναset besideV5 · πμπνπν κεῖμαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπν κεῖμαι + παρα: meaning 'set beside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τάφῳgraveN2 DSM · τάφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτάφος: meaning 'grave'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
19
τί συμφέρει κάρπωσις εἰδώλῳ οὔτε γὰρ ἔδεται οὔτε μὴ ὀσφρανθῇ οὕτως ὁ ἐκδιωκόμενος ὑπὸ κυρίου
What use is an offering to an idol? For it will neither eat nor smell; so is the one driven away by the Lord.
The idol's incapacity to enjoy offerings becomes an image for the person whose alienation from God empties his goods of meaning.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συμφέρειbe advantageousV1 PAI3S · φέρω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφέρω + συν: meaning 'be advantageous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κάρπωσιςofferingN3I NSF · κάρπωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάρπωσις: meaning 'offering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰδώλῳidolN2N DSN · εἴδωλονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἴδωλον: meaning 'idol'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδεταιwill devourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐσθίω: meaning 'will devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀσφρανθῇsmellVC APS3S · ὀσφραίνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀσφραίνομαι: meaning 'smell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδιωκόμενοςdriven awayV1 · πμπνσμ διώκω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ διώκω + ἐκ: meaning 'driven away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
βλέπων ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς καὶ στενάζων ὥσπερ εὐνοῦχος περιλαμβάνων παρθένον καὶ στενάζων
Seeing with the eyes and groaning is like a eunuch embracing a virgin and groaning.
The eunuch image intensifies the theme of inaccessible enjoyment: seeing without true participation deepens the grief.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
βλέπωνwho sawV1 · παπνσμ βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βλέπω: meaning 'who saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στενάζωνgroaningV1 · παπνσμ στενάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ στενάζω: meaning 'groaning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐνοῦχοςeunuchN2 NSM · εὐνοῦχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐνοῦχος: meaning 'eunuch'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
περιλαμβάνωνembracingV1 · παπνσμ λαμβάνω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λαμβάνω + περι: meaning 'embracing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρθένονvirginN2 ASF · παρθένοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαρθένος: meaning 'virgin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στενάζωνgroaningV1 · παπνσμ στενάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ στενάζω: meaning 'groaning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
μὴ δῷς εἰς λύπην τὴν ψυχήν σου καὶ μὴ θλίψῃς σεαυτὸν ἐν βουλῇ σου
Do not give your soul over to grief, and do not afflict yourself by your own counsel.
The soul must not be handed over to sorrow or self-torment by endless internal calculation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λύπηνsorrowN1 ASF · λύπηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλύπη: meaning 'sorrow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θλίψῃςafflictVA AAS2S · θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyθλίβω: meaning 'afflict'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτὸνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσεαυτὸν: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βουλῇcounselN1 DSF · βουλήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
εὐφροσύνη καρδίας ζωὴ ἀνθρώπου καὶ ἀγαλλίαμα ἀνδρὸς μακροημέρευσις
Gladness of heart is a person's life, and a man's rejoicing is length of days.
Gladness is presented as genuinely life-giving, not as superficial decoration added to life.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωὴlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαλλίαμαadornment / joyN3M NSN · ἀγαλλίαμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαλλίαμα: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μακροημέρευσιςlength of daysN3I NSF · μακροημέρευσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακροημέρευσις: meaning 'length of days'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
23
ἀπάτα τὴν ψυχήν σου καὶ παρακάλει τὴν καρδίαν σου καὶ λύπην μακρὰν ἀπόστησον ἀπὸ σοῦ πολλοὺς γὰρ ἀπώλεσεν ἡ λύπη καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὠφέλεια ἐν αὐτῇ
Deceive your soul and comfort your heart, and put sorrow far away from you; for sorrow has destroyed many, and there is no profit in it.
Sirach urges the hearer to coax the heart back from consuming sorrow because grief has already destroyed many.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἀπάταcoaxV3 PAD2S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀπατάω: meaning 'coax'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρακάλειcomfortV2 PAD2S · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'comfort'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λύπηνsorrowN1 ASF · λύπηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλύπη: meaning 'sorrow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μακρὰνfar awayD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'far away'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπόστησονremoveVA AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλεσενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λύπηgriefN1 NSF · λύπηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλύπη: meaning 'grief'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὠφέλειαprofitN1A NSF · ὠφέλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὠφέλεια: meaning 'profit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
ζῆλος καὶ θυμὸς ἐλαττοῦσιν ἡμέρας καὶ πρὸ καιροῦ γῆρας ἄγει μέριμνα
Jealousy and anger shorten days, and care brings old age before its time.
Jealousy, anger, and care are treated as forces that accelerate decline and draw old age forward.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ζῆλοςjealousyN2 NSM · ζῆλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζῆλος: meaning 'jealousy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλαττοῦσινshortenV4 PAI3P · ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐλαττόω: meaning 'shorten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιροῦappointed timeN2 GSM · καιρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γῆραςold ageN3 ASN · γῆραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆρας: meaning 'old age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄγειleadsV1 PAI3S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω: meaning 'leads'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μέριμναanxious careN1A NSF · μέριμναnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέριμνα: meaning 'anxious care'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
25
λαμπρὰ καρδία καὶ ἀγαθὴ ἐπὶ ἐδέσμασιν τῶν βρωμάτων αὐτῆς ἐπιμελήσεται
A bright and good heart will care for its food at meals.
The bright heart is not abstract; it orders ordinary bodily life well, even down to the table.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
λαμπρὰradiantA1A NSF · λαμπρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαμπρός: meaning 'radiant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὴgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐδέσμασινmealsN3M DPN · ἔδεσμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔδεσμα: meaning 'meals'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βρωμάτωνfoodsN3M GPN · βρῶμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβρῶμα: meaning 'foods'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπιμελήσεταιwill care forVF FMI3S · μελέομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμελέομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'will care for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.