1
ἡγούμενόν σε κατέστησαν μὴ ἐπαίρου γίνου ἐν αὐτοῖς ὡς εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν φρόντισον αὐτῶν καὶ οὕτω κάθισον
Have they appointed you leader? Do not exalt yourself. Be among them as one of them; take care of them and then sit down.
Authority is framed as service without self-exaltation; the leader remains one among the gathered while caring for them.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἡγούμενόνleaderV2 · πμπασμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'leader'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέστησανappoint / setVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαίρουexalt yourselfV1 PMD2S · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'exalt yourself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γίνουbeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἷςoneM · εἷςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεἷς: meaning 'one'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φρόντισονtake careVA AAD2S · φροντίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφροντίζω: meaning 'take care'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτω: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κάθισονstay / remainVA AAD2S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵζω + κατα: meaning 'stay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν χρείαν σου ποιήσας ἀνάπεσε ἵνα εὐφρανθῇς δι' αὐτοὺς καὶ εὐκοσμίας χάριν λάβῃς στέφανον
And after doing all your duty, recline, so that you may rejoice because of them and receive a crown for good order.
Only after the task is completed may the leader recline and receive honor for the beauty of ordered hospitality.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρείανneedN1A ASF · χρείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιήσαςhaving doneVA · ααπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'having done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνάπεσεreclineVB AAD2S · πίπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'recline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφρανθῇςyou may rejoiceVC APS2S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὐφραίνω: meaning 'you may rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐκοσμίαςgood orderN1A GSF · εὐκοσμίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐκοσμία: meaning 'good order'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λάβῃςtakeVB AAS2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στέφανονcrownN2 ASM · στέφανοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστέφανος: meaning 'crown'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
λάλησον πρεσβύτερε πρέπει γάρ σοι ἐν ἀκριβεῖ ἐπιστήμῃ καὶ μὴ ἐμποδίσῃς μουσικά
Speak, elder, for it is fitting for you with accurate knowledge, and do not hinder the music.
The elder has a fitting right to speak, but that right is tethered to precise knowledge and respect for the feast's harmony.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
λάλησονspeakVA AAD2S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρεσβύτερεelderN2 VSM · πρεσβύτεροςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
πρέπειis fittingV1 PAI3S · πρέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπρέπω: meaning 'is fitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀκριβεῖaccurateA3H DSF · ἀκριβήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀκριβής: meaning 'accurate'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπιστήμῃepistemeN1 DSF · ἐπιστήμηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιστήμη: meaning 'episteme'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμποδίσῃςhinderVA AAS2S · ποδίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποδίζω + ἐν: meaning 'hinder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουσικάthe musicA1 APN · μουσικόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμουσικός: meaning 'the music'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ὅπου ἀκρόαμα μὴ ἐκχέῃς λαλιὰν καὶ ἀκαίρως μὴ σοφίζου
Where there is listening, do not pour out chatter, and do not play the wise at the wrong time.
Listening spaces require restraint; untimely display of cleverness is itself folly.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὅπουwhereX · ὅπουadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπου: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκρόαμαlisteningN3M NSN · ἀκρόαμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκρόαμα: meaning 'listening'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκχέῃςpour outV2 PAS2S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαλιὰνspeechN1A ASF · λαλιάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαλιά: meaning 'speech'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκαίρωςat the wrong timeD · ἀκαίρωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀκαίρως: meaning 'at the wrong time'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφίζουmake yourself wiseV1 PMD2S · σοφίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσοφίζω: meaning 'make yourself wise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
σφραγὶς ἄνθρακος ἐπὶ κόσμῳ χρυσῷ σύγκριμα μουσικῶν ἐν συμποσίῳ οἴνου
A seal of carbuncle upon an ornament of gold is a concert of musicians at a banquet of wine.
Well-placed music is likened to precious ornamentation, something beautiful precisely because it fits the occasion.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
σφραγὶςsealsN3D NSF · σφραγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσφραγίς: meaning 'seals'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνθρακοςcoalN3K GSM · ἄνθραξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθραξ: meaning 'coal'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κόσμῳadornmentN2 DSM · κόσμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκόσμος: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χρυσῷgoldenA1C DSM · χρυσοῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σύγκριμαinterpretationN3M NSN · σύγκριμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύγκριμα: meaning 'interpretation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουσικῶνof musiciansA1 GPN · μουσικόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμουσικός: meaning 'of musicians'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συμποσίῳbanquetN2N DSN · συμπόσιονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυμπόσιον: meaning 'banquet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
ἐν κατασκευάσματι χρυσῷ σφραγὶς σμαράγδου μέλος μουσικῶν ἐφ' ἡδεῖ οἴνῳ
In a setting of gold, a seal of emerald is a melody of musicians over pleasant wine.
The image is intensified: melody over pleasant wine becomes another kind of jeweled setting.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κατασκευάσματιsettingN3M DSN · κατασκεύασμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκατασκεύασμα: meaning 'setting'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χρυσῷgoldA1C DSN · χρυσοῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'gold'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σφραγὶςsealsN3D NSF · σφραγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσφραγίς: meaning 'seals'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σμαράγδουof emeraldN2 GSM · σμάραγδοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσμάραγδος: meaning 'of emerald'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μέλοςsongN3E NSN · μέλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέλος: meaning 'song'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουσικῶνof musiciansA1 GPN · μουσικόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμουσικός: meaning 'of musicians'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡδεῖpleasantA3U DSM · ἡδύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡδύς: meaning 'pleasant'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἴνῳwineN2 DSM · οἶνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
7
λάλησον νεανίσκε εἰ χρεία σου μόλις δὶς ἐὰν ἐπερωτηθῇς
Speak, young man, if there is need of you, scarcely twice when you are asked.
The young may speak, but only when needed and with severe economy.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
λάλησονspeakVA AAD2S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεανίσκεyoung manN2 VSM · νεανίσκοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressνεανίσκος: meaning 'young man'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρείαneedN1A NSF · χρείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μόλιςwith difficultyD · μόλιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμόλις: meaning 'with difficulty'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὶςtwiceD · δίςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὶς: meaning 'twice'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπερωτηθῇςyou are askedVC APS2S · ἐρωτάω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐρωτάω + ἐπι: meaning 'you are asked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
κεφαλαίωσον λόγον ἐν ὀλίγοις πολλά γίνου ὡς γινώσκων καὶ ἅμα σιωπῶν
Sum up your word in few things; be like one who knows and yet keeps silent.
Wisdom in youth appears not in many words but in concise speech held together with silence.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κεφαλαίωσονsum upVA AAD2S · κεφαλαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκεφαλαιόω: meaning 'sum up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀλίγοιςfewA1 DPM · ὀλίγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀλίγος: meaning 'few'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πολλάmuchA1 APN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γίνουbeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γινώσκωνgignoskoV1 · παπνσμ γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ γιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σιωπῶνkeeping silentV3 · παπνσμ σιωπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ σιωπάω: meaning 'keeping silent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
ἐν μέσῳ μεγιστάνων μὴ ἐξισάζου καὶ ἑτέρου λέγοντος μὴ πολλὰ ἀδολέσχει
Among great men do not make yourself equal, and when another is speaking do not babble much.
Social proportion matters: one must neither rival superiors nor crowd out another speaker.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μεγιστάνωνnobles / great onesN3 GPM · μεγιστάνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμεγιστάν: meaning 'nobles'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξισάζουcompareV1 PMD2S · ἰσάζω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἰσάζω + ἐκ: meaning 'compare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑτέρουotherA1A GSM · ἕτεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἕτερος: meaning 'other'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λέγοντοςwhile speakingV1 · παπγσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ λέγω: meaning 'while speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολλὰmuchA1 APN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀδολέσχειbabbleV2 PAD2S · ἀδολεσχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀδολεσχέω: meaning 'babble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
πρὸ βροντῆς κατασπεύδει ἀστραπή καὶ πρὸ αἰσχυντηροῦ προελεύσεται χάρις
Before thunder lightning hastens, and before a modest person favor will come forth.
As lightning comes before thunder, so grace arrives before the modest person without noisy self-assertion.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βροντῆςthunderN1 GSF · βροντήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβροντή: meaning 'thunder'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατασπεύδειhurries awayV1 PAI3S · σπεύδω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσπεύδω + κατα: meaning 'hurries away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀστραπήlightningN1 NSF · ἀστραπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀστραπή: meaning 'lightning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰσχυντηροῦshamefulA1A GSM · αἰσχυντηρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰσχυντηρός: meaning 'shameful'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προελεύσεταιwill go out firstVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + προ: meaning 'will go out first'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
ἐν ὥρᾳ ἐξεγείρου καὶ μὴ οὐράγει ἀπότρεχε εἰς οἶκον καὶ μὴ ῥᾳθύμει
At the proper time rise up and do not lag behind; run to your house and do not be idle there.
Good festal conduct includes knowing when to depart and refusing the laziness of overstaying.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὥρᾳoraN1A DSF · ὥραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὥρα: meaning 'ora'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐξεγείρουawakeV1 PMD2S · ἐγείρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'awake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐράγειtake the last placeV2 PAD2S · οὐραγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοὐραγέω: meaning 'take the last place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπότρεχεrun offV1 PAD2S · τρέχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτρέχω + ἀπο: meaning 'run off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥᾳθύμειbe slackV2 PAD2S · ῥᾳθυμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateῥᾳθυμέω: meaning 'be slack'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ἐκεῖ παῖζε καὶ ποίει τὰ ἐνθυμήματά σου καὶ μὴ ἁμάρτῃς λόγῳ ὑπερηφάνῳ
There play and do what is in your mind, and do not sin by a proud word.
Even in private amusement the boundary remains verbal pride; play is permitted, arrogance is not.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παῖζεplayV1 PAD2S · παίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαίζω: meaning 'play'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίειdoV2 PAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνθυμήματάthoughtN3M APN · ἐνθύμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐνθύμημα: meaning 'thought'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμάρτῃςyou sinVB AAS2S · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'you sin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγῳwordN2 DSM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑπερηφάνῳproud manA1B DSM · ὑπερήφανοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑπερήφανος: meaning 'proud man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
13
καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις εὐλόγησον τὸν ποιήσαντά σε καὶ μεθύσκοντά σε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν αὐτοῦ
And over these things bless the one who made you and who fills you with his good things.
The right close to festivity is thanksgiving to the giver of all good things.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τούτοιςthisRD DPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐλόγησονblessVA AAD2S · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιήσαντάdidVA · ααπασμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασμ ποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθύσκοντάmaking drunkV1 · παπασμ μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ μεθύω: meaning 'making drunk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθῶνagathonA1 GPN · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'agathon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
ὁ φοβούμενος κύριον ἐκδέξεται παιδείαν καὶ οἱ ὀρθρίζοντες εὑρήσουσιν εὐδοκίαν
The one who fears the Lord will receive discipline, and those who rise early will find favor.
Reverence for the Lord disposes a person to receive discipline and favor rather than resist them.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβούμενοςfearingV2 · πμπνσμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φοβέω: meaning 'fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκδέξεταιshall receiveVF FMI3S · δέχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδέχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρθρίζοντεςrising earlyV1 · παπνπμ ὀρθρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ὀρθρίζω: meaning 'rising early'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὑρήσουσινwill findVF FAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐδοκίανgood pleasureN1A ASF · εὐδοκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐδοκία: meaning 'good pleasure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
ὁ ζητῶν νόμον ἐμπλησθήσεται αὐτοῦ καὶ ὁ ὑποκρινόμενος σκανδαλισθήσεται ἐν αὐτῷ
The one who seeks the law will be filled with it, but the hypocrite will stumble in it.
The law feeds the sincere seeker, while the hypocrite trips over the very thing that should instruct him.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζητῶνseekingV2 · παπνσμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμπλησθήσεταιwill be filledVS FPI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'will be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑποκρινόμενοςkrinoupoV1 · πμπνσμ κρίνω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ κρίνω + ὑπο: meaning 'krinoupo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκανδαλισθήσεταιwill stumbleVS FPI3S · σκανδαλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκανδαλίζω: meaning 'will stumble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
οἱ φοβούμενοι κύριον εὑρήσουσιν κρίμα καὶ δικαιώματα ὡς φῶς ἐξάψουσιν
Those who fear the Lord will find judgment, and they will kindle righteous deeds like a light.
Those who fear the Lord do not merely find judgment intellectually; they begin to shine with it in conduct.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβούμενοιphobeoV2 · πμπνπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ φοβέω: meaning 'phobeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὑρήσουσινwill findVF FAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιώματαstatuteN3M APN · δικαίωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαίωμα: meaning 'statute'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξάψουσινwill kindleVF FAI3P · ἅπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἅπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'will kindle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτωλὸς ἐκκλινεῖ ἐλεγμὸν καὶ κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ εὑρήσει σύγκριμα
A sinful man will avoid reproof, and according to his own desire he will find an excuse.
The sinful person does not submit to reproof but bends every matter toward self-justification.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμαρτωλὸςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκκλινεῖwill turn asideVF2 FAI3S · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'will turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλεγμὸνrebukeN2 ASM · ἐλεγμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐλεγμός: meaning 'rebuke'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θέλημαwillN3M ASN · θέλημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθέλημα: meaning 'will'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὑρήσειwill findVF FAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύγκριμαinterpretationN3M ASN · σύγκριμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύγκριμα: meaning 'interpretation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
ἀνὴρ βουλῆς οὐ μὴ παρίδῃ διανόημα ἀλλότριος καὶ ὑπερήφανος οὐ καταπτήξει φόβον
A man of counsel will not overlook a thought, but a stranger and proud man will not cower before fear.
A true man of counsel pays attention to thought, whereas pride leaves the outsider unteachable even in fear.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βουλῆςcounselN1 GSF · βουλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρίδῃyou neglectVB AAS3S · ὁράω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω + παρα: meaning 'you neglect'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διανόημαpurposeN3M ASN · διανόημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιανόημα: meaning 'purpose'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλότριοςforeignerA1A NSM · ἀλλότριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreigner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερήφανοςuperephanosA1B NSM · ὑπερήφανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπερήφανος: meaning 'uperephanos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταπτήξειwill be terrifiedVF FAI3S · πτήσσω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπτήσσω + κατα: meaning 'will be terrified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
ἄνευ βουλῆς μηθὲν ποιήσῃς καὶ ἐν τῷ ποιῆσαί σε μὴ μεταμελοῦ
Do nothing without counsel, and when you have acted do not regret it.
Deliberation before acting is the simplest practical shield against later regret.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἄνευ: meaning 'without'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βουλῆςcounselN1 GSF · βουλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μηθὲνnothing / no oneA3 ASN · μηδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμηδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσῃςdoVA AAS2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαίdoing / workingVA AAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταμελοῦregretV2 PMD2S · μελέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμελέω + μετα: meaning 'regret'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ἐν ὁδῷ ἀντιπτώματος μὴ πορεύου καὶ μὴ προσκόψῃς ἐν λιθώδεσιν
Do not go on a path of stumbling, and you will not strike against rocky ground.
The wise person refuses morally and practically dangerous routes rather than trusting himself to improvise on them.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀντιπτώματοςa stumbleN3M GSN · ἀντίπτωμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀντίπτωμα: meaning 'a stumble'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύουgoV1 PMD2S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκόψῃςyou strikeVA AAS2S · κόπτω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκόπτω + προς: meaning 'you strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λιθώδεσινstonyA3H DPN · λιθώδηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλιθώδης: meaning 'stony'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
21
μὴ πιστεύσῃς ἐν ὁδῷ ἀπροσκόπῳ
Do not trust in a smooth road.
What looks smooth may conceal danger, so ease itself is not a sufficient guide.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πιστεύσῃςyou trustVA AAS2S · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπιστεύω: meaning 'you trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπροσκόπῳwithout stumblingA1B DSF · ἀπρόσκοποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπρόσκοπος: meaning 'without stumbling'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
22
καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων σου φύλαξαι
And from your own children keep watch.
Prudence begins at home; even one's own children require alert supervision.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκνωνteknonN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέκνον: meaning 'teknon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φύλαξαιkeep / observeVA AMD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ πίστευε τῇ ψυχῇ σου καὶ γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστιν τήρησις ἐντολῶν
In every work trust your own soul, for this also is the keeping of the commandments.
To trust the law wholeheartedly is already to keep the commandments in practice.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶall / everyA3 DSN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔργῳworkN2N DSN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πίστευεtrustV1 PAD2S · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπιστεύω: meaning 'trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτόthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτό: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τήρησιςkeepingN3I NSF · τήρησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτήρησις: meaning 'keeping'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐντολῶνcommandmentsN1A GPF · ἐντολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandments'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24
ὁ πιστεύων νόμῳ προσέχει ἐντολαῖς καὶ ὁ πεποιθὼς κυρίῳ οὐκ ἐλαττωθήσεται
The one who believes the law attends to the commandments, and the one who trusts in the Lord will not be diminished.
Belief in the law and trust in the Lord culminate alike in stable obedience and preservation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πιστεύωνbelievingV1 · παπνσμ πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ πιστεύω: meaning 'believing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
προσέχειpays attentionV1 PAI3S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω + προς: meaning 'pays attention'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολαῖςntoleN1A DPF · ἐντολήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐντολή: meaning 'ntole'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεποιθὼςtrustVX · χαπνσμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαττωθήσεταιwill be diminishedVC FPI3S · ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλαττόω: meaning 'will be diminished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.