1
τῷ φοβουμένῳ κύριον οὐκ ἀπαντήσει κακόν ἀλλ' ἐν πειρασμῷ καὶ πάλιν ἐξελεῖται
To the one who fears the Lord no evil will meet, but in trial he will again be delivered.
The God-fearer is not promised exemption from testing, but preservation through it.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβουμένῳfearingV2 · πμπδσμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδσμ φοβέω: meaning 'fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαντήσειwill meetVF FAI3S · ἀντάω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀντάω + ἀπο: meaning 'will meet'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακόνevilA1 ASN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πειρασμῷtestingN2 DSM · πειρασμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπειρασμός: meaning 'testing'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλιν: meaning 'again'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεῖταιdeliverVF2 FMI3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
ἀνὴρ σοφὸς οὐ μισήσει νόμον ὁ δὲ ὑποκρινόμενος ἐν αὐτῷ ὡς ἐν καταιγίδι πλοῖον
A wise man will not hate the law, but the one who plays the hypocrite in it is like a ship in a storm.
The wise receive the law as a friend, while the hypocrite is tossed about by it like a ship in a storm.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μισήσειwill hateVF FAI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμισέω: meaning 'will hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποκρινόμενοςkrinoupoV1 · πμπνσμ κρίνω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ κρίνω + ὑπο: meaning 'krinoupo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καταιγίδιstormN3D DSF · καταιγίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαταιγίς: meaning 'storm'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πλοῖονshipN2N NSN · πλοῖονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῖον: meaning 'ship'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
3
ἄνθρωπος συνετὸς ἐμπιστεύσει νόμῳ καὶ ὁ νόμος αὐτῷ πιστὸς ὡς ἐρώτημα δήλων
An intelligent man will trust the law, and the law is faithful to him like an answer of revelation.
For the intelligent, the law is not opaque but trustworthy, like a clear divine answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνετὸςsynetosA1 NSM · συνετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυνετός: meaning 'synetos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμπιστεύσειwill trustVF FAI3S · πιστεύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπιστεύω + ἐν: meaning 'will trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμοςlawN2 NSM · νόμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πιστὸςfaithfulA1 NSM · πιστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπιστός: meaning 'faithful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρώτημαanswerN3M ASN · ἐρώτημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐρώτημα: meaning 'answer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δήλωνof revelationA1 GPN · δῆλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδῆλος: meaning 'of revelation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
ἑτοίμασον λόγον καὶ οὕτως ἀκουσθήσῃ σύνδησον παιδείαν καὶ ἀποκρίθητι
Prepare your word and thus you will be heard; bind together instruction and then answer.
Instruction must be bound together before response; speech should come from ordered teaching rather than improvisation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἑτοίμασονprepareVA AAD2S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκουσθήσῃyou will be heardVS APS3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω: meaning 'you will be heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύνδησονbind togetherVA AAD2S · δέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδέω + συν: meaning 'bind together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκρίθητιanswerVC APD2S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
τροχὸς ἁμάξης σπλάγχνα μωροῦ καὶ ὡς ἄξων στρεφόμενος ὁ διαλογισμὸς αὐτοῦ
The inward parts of a fool are like a cartwheel, and his reasoning like a turning axle.
The fool's inner life spins pointlessly, never arriving at stable judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τροχὸςwheelN2 NSM · τροχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμάξηςofN1S GSF · ἅμαξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅμαξα: meaning 'of'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σπλάγχναcompassionsN2N NPN · σπλάγχνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσπλάγχνον: meaning 'compassions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μωροῦof a foolA1A GSM · μωρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμωρός: meaning 'of a fool'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξωνaxleN3N NSM · ἄξωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄξων: meaning 'axle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στρεφόμενοςturningV1 · πμπνσμ στρέφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ στρέφω: meaning 'turning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαλογισμὸςthoughtN2 NSM · διαλογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιαλογισμός: meaning 'thought'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ἵππος εἰς ὀχείαν ὡς φίλος μωκός ὑποκάτω παντὸς ἐπικαθημένου χρεμετίζει
A stallion for mounting is like a mocking friend: under everyone sitting upon him he neighs.
The unreliable friend is likened to an indiscriminate mount, noisy and unfaithful under any rider.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἵπποςhorseN2 NSM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀχείανfor mountingN1A ASF · ὀχείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀχεία: meaning 'for mounting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φίλοςfriendA1 NSM · φίλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μωκόςmockingN2 NSM · μωκόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμωκός: meaning 'mocking'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑποκάτωunderD · ὑποκάτωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπικαθημένουsitting uponV5 · πμπγσμ ἧμαι + ἐπι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ ἧμαι + ἐπι + κατα: meaning 'sitting upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρεμετίζειhe neighsV1 PAI3S · χρεμετίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχρεμετίζω: meaning 'he neighs'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
διὰ τί ἡμέρα ἡμέρας ὑπερέχει καὶ πᾶν φῶς ἡμέρας ἐνιαυτοῦ ἀφ' ἡλίου
Why does day excel day, when all the light of the year is from the sun?
Sirach opens the providential section by asking why days differ when all share the same solar light.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπερέχειsurpassesV1 PAI3S · ἔχω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω + ὑπερ: meaning 'surpasses'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνιαυτοῦyearN2 GSM · ἐνιαυτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός: meaning 'year'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡλίουηλιοςN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἥλιος: meaning 'ηλιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
ἐν γνώσει κυρίου διεχωρίσθησαν καὶ ἠλλοίωσεν καιροὺς καὶ ἑορτάς
By the knowledge of the Lord they were distinguished, and he altered seasons and feasts.
Seasons and feasts vary not arbitrarily but by the Lord's knowledgeable ordering.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γνώσειknowledgeN3I DSF · γνῶσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διεχωρίσθησανwere separatedVSI API3P · χωρίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχωρίζω + δια: meaning 'were separated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠλλοίωσενchangedVAI AAI3S · ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀλλοιόω: meaning 'changed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καιροὺςtimeN2 APM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑορτάςfeastN1 APF · ἑορτήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἑορτή: meaning 'feast'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἀνύψωσεν καὶ ἡγίασεν καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔθηκεν εἰς ἀριθμὸν ἡμερῶν
Some of them he exalted and sanctified, and some of them he set in the number of ordinary days.
Some days are elevated and sanctified while others remain within ordinary reckoning.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνύψωσενraised upVAI AAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὑψόω + ἀνα: meaning 'raised up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγίασενconsecrateVAI AAI3S · ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁγιάζω: meaning 'consecrate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθηκενtithemiVAI AAI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'tithemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀριθμὸνnumberN2 ASM · ἀριθμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
10
καὶ ἄνθρωποι πάντες ἀπὸ ἐδάφους καὶ ἐκ γῆς ἐκτίσθη Αδαμ
And all humans are from the ground, and Adam was created from earth.
Human differentiation begins from a shared origin in earth and Adam.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποιhuman beingN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐδάφουςgroundN3E GSN · ἔδαφοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔδαφος: meaning 'ground'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκτίσθηwas createdVSI API3S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'was created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΑδαμAdamN NSM · Αδαμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑδαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
11
ἐν πλήθει ἐπιστήμης κύριος διεχώρισεν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἠλλοίωσεν τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῶν
In the abundance of his knowledge the Lord distinguished them and altered their ways.
The same Lord who ordered times also differentiated human ways according to his abundant knowledge.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλήθειmultitudeN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπιστήμηςknowledgeN1 GSF · ἐπιστήμηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπιστήμη: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διεχώρισενχωρίζωVAI AAI3S · χωρίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχωρίζω + δια: meaning 'χωρίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠλλοίωσενchangedVAI AAI3S · ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀλλοιόω: meaning 'changed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐλόγησεν καὶ ἀνύψωσεν καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἡγίασεν καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἤγγισεν ἀπ' αὐτῶν κατηράσατο καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν καὶ ἀνέστρεψεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ στάσεως αὐτῶν
Some of them he blessed and exalted, and some of them he sanctified and brought near to himself; but some of them he cursed and humbled and turned them from their standing.
The Lord's discriminating action extends to sanctifying some and humbling others.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐλόγησενblessedVA AAI3S · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: meaning 'blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνύψωσενraised upVAI AAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὑψόω + ἀνα: meaning 'raised up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡγίασενconsecrateVAI AAI3S · ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁγιάζω: meaning 'consecrate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἤγγισενcame nearVAI AAI3S · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: meaning 'came near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατηράσατοcursedVAI AMI3S · ἀράομαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀράομαι + κατα: meaning 'cursed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταπείνωσενhumbledVAI AAI3S · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'humbled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστρεψενreturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στάσεωςfootstool/placeN3I GSF · στάσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστάσις: meaning 'footstool'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ὡς πηλὸς κεραμέως ἐν χειρὶ αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὴν εὐδοκίαν αὐτοῦ οὕτως ἄνθρωποι ἐν χειρὶ τοῦ ποιήσαντος αὐτοὺς ἀποδοῦναι αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὴν κρίσιν αὐτοῦ
Like clay in the hand of a potter, all his ways are according to his pleasure; so people are in the hand of the one who made them, to render to them according to his judgment.
Human beings stand before the Creator as clay before a potter, emphasizing divine prerogative in judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πηλὸςclayN2 NSM · πηλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηλός: meaning 'clay'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κεραμέωςpotterN3V GSM · κεραμεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεραμεύς: meaning 'potter'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐδοκίανgood pleasureN1A ASF · εὐδοκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐδοκία: meaning 'good pleasure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποιhuman beingN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιήσαντοςdoVA · ααπγσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγσμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποδοῦναιδίδωμιVO AAN · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'δίδωμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
ἀπέναντι τοῦ κακοῦ τὸ ἀγαθόν καὶ ἀπέναντι τοῦ θανάτου ἡ ζωή οὕτως ἀπέναντι εὐσεβοῦς ἁμαρτωλός
Opposite evil is good, and opposite death is life; so opposite the godly is the sinner.
Moral and existential realities are set in ordered contrast, reinforcing the pattern of structured difference.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeD · ἀπέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακοῦof evilA1 GSN · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'of evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθόνgoodA1 NSN · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeD · ἀπέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωήlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeD · ἀπέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐσεβοῦςgodlyA3H GSM · εὐσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσεβής: meaning 'godly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἁμαρτωλόςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
15
καὶ οὕτως ἔμβλεψον εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔργα τοῦ ὑψίστου δύο δύο ἓν κατέναντι τοῦ ἑνός
And thus look upon all the works of the Most High: they are two by two, one opposite the other.
Sirach urges the hearer to observe the Most High's works as intentionally paired and opposed.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμβλεψονlook uponVA AAD2S · βλέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + ἐν: meaning 'look upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἓνoneA3 NSN · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countἓν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνόςhenosA3 GSN · εἷςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'henos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
κἀγὼ ἔσχατος ἠγρύπνησα ὡς καλαμώμενος ὀπίσω τρυγητῶν
And I, the last, kept watch like a gleaner following behind the grape gatherers.
The sage casts himself as a humble latecomer who nevertheless watches carefully after the main harvest.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἀγὼ: meaning 'and I'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσχατοςlastA1 NSM · ἔσχατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔσχατος: meaning 'last'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠγρύπνησαI kept watchVAI AAI1S · ἀγρυπνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγρυπνέω: meaning 'I kept watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλαμώμενοςgleaningV3 · πμπνσμ καλαμάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ καλαμάομαι: meaning 'gleaning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀπίσωafter / behindD · ὀπίσωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρυγητῶνof grape-gatherersN2 GPM · τρύγητοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτρύγητος: meaning 'of grape-gatherers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
ἐν εὐλογίᾳ κυρίου ἔφθασα καὶ ὡς τρυγῶν ἐπλήρωσα ληνόν
By the blessing of the Lord I arrived first, and like one gathering grapes I filled the winepress.
By the Lord's blessing the late gleaner becomes unexpectedly fruitful, filling the winepress.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐλογίᾳblessingN1A DSF · εὐλογίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐλογία: meaning 'blessing'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔφθασαI came afterVAI AAI1S · φθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφθάνω: meaning 'I came after'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρυγῶνgrape-clusterN3N NSF · τρυγώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρυγών: meaning 'grape-cluster'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπλήρωσαI filledVAI AAI1S · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληρόω: meaning 'I filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ληνόνwinepressN2 ASF · ληνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationληνός: meaning 'winepress'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
κατανοήσατε ὅτι οὐκ ἐμοὶ μόνῳ ἐκοπίασα ἀλλὰ πᾶσιν τοῖς ζητοῦσιν παιδείαν
Consider that I did not labor for myself alone, but for all who seek instruction.
The sage's work is explicitly social and pedagogical, not private or self-serving.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κατανοήσατεconsiderVA AAD2P · νοέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateνοέω + κατα: meaning 'consider'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μόνῳaloneA1 DSM · μόνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκοπίασαlaborVAI AAI1S · κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοπιάω: meaning 'labor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζητοῦσινthose seekingV2 · παπδπμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ ζητέω: meaning 'those seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
ἀκούσατέ μου μεγιστᾶνες λαοῦ καὶ οἱ ἡγούμενοι ἐκκλησίας ἐνωτίσασθε
Hear me, you great ones of the people, and you leaders of the assembly, listen closely.
The instruction now turns directly to leaders and the great, asking for close hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μεγιστᾶνεςgreat menN3 VPM · μεγιστάνvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressμεγιστάν: meaning 'great men'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγούμενοιleading / captainsV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'leading'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκκλησίαςassemblyN1A GSF · ἐκκλησίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνωτίσασθεgive earVA AMD2P · ἐνωτίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐνωτίζομαι: meaning 'give ear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
υἱῷ καὶ γυναικί ἀδελφῷ καὶ φίλῳ μὴ δῷς ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ σὲ ἐν ζωῇ σου καὶ μὴ δῷς ἑτέρῳ τὰ χρήματά σου ἵνα μὴ μεταμεληθεὶς δέῃ περὶ αὐτῶν
To son and wife, brother and friend, do not give authority over yourself in your lifetime, and do not give your property to another, lest regretting it you have to plead for it.
Authority over life and goods should not be relinquished prematurely even to intimate relations.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
υἱῷsonN2 DSM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναικίwomanN3K DSF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀδελφῷbrotherN2 DSM · ἀδελφόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φίλῳfriendA1 DSM · φίλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξουσίανauthorityN1A ASF · ἐξουσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐξουσία: meaning 'authority'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ζωῇlifeN1 DSF · ζωήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑτέρῳanotherA1A DSM · ἕτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἕτερος: meaning 'another'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρήματάpossessionsN3M APN · χρῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρῆμα: meaning 'possessions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταμεληθεὶςhaving repentedVC · αππνσμ μελέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ μελέω + μετα: meaning 'having repented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέῃthere is needV2 PAS3S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδέῃ: meaning 'there is need'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
ἕως ἔτι ζῇς καὶ πνοὴ ἐν σοί μὴ ἀλλάξῃς σεαυτὸν ἐν πάσῃ σαρκί
While you still live and breath is in you, do not hand yourself over to any flesh.
As long as life and breath remain, one must not hand oneself over to another's control.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζῇςyou liveV3 PAI2S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζάω: meaning 'you live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνοὴbreathN1 NSF · πνοήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνοή: meaning 'breath'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλλάξῃςyou changeVA AAS2S · ἀλλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀλλάσσω: meaning 'you change'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτὸνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσεαυτὸν: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σαρκίfleshN3K DSF · σάρξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
22
κρεῖσσον γάρ ἐστιν τὰ τέκνα δεηθῆναί σου ἢ σὲ ἐμβλέπειν εἰς χεῖρας υἱῶν σου
For it is better that your children ask from you than that you look to the hands of your sons.
The order of dependence should not be reversed while the parent still lives.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κρεῖσσονbetterA3C NSN · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δεηθῆναίto needVC APN · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδέω: meaning 'to need'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμβλέπεινto look in the faceV1 PAN · βλέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβλέπω + ἐν: meaning 'to look in the face'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις σου γίνου ὑπεράγων μὴ δῷς μῶμον ἐν τῇ δόξῃ σου
In all your works be the one in control; do not give a blemish to your honor.
To remain in charge of one's works is to preserve honor from needless blemish.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσιallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γίνουbeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπεράγωνexceedingV1 · παπνσμ ἄγω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἄγω + ὑπερ: meaning 'exceeding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μῶμονblemishN2 ASM · μῶμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμῶμος: meaning 'blemish'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξῃgloryN1S DSF · δόξαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
ἐν ἡμέρᾳ συντελείας ἡμερῶν ζωῆς σου καὶ ἐν καιρῷ τελευτῆς διάδος κληρονομίαν
On the day when the days of your life are completed and at the time of death, distribute the inheritance.
Inheritance has its rightful moment at life's close, not in the middle of active stewardship.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συντελείαςsynteleiaN1A GSF · συντέλειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'synteleia'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τελευτῆςend / deathN1 GSF · τελευτήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτελευτή: meaning 'end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διάδοςdistributeVO AAD2S · δίδωμι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι + δια: meaning 'distribute'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κληρονομίανinheritanceN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
25
χορτάσματα καὶ ῥάβδος καὶ φορτία ὄνῳ ἄρτος καὶ παιδεία καὶ ἔργον οἰκέτῃ
Fodder and rod and burdens for a donkey; bread and discipline and work for a servant.
The servant is placed within a utilitarian household order of provision, correction, and labor.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
χορτάσματαfodderN3M NPN · χόρτασμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχόρτασμα: meaning 'fodder'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥάβδοςstaffN2 NSF · ῥάβδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥάβδος: meaning 'staff'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φορτίαloadsN2N NPN · φορτίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφορτίον: meaning 'loads'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὄνῳto a donkeyN2 DSM · ὄνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνος: meaning 'to a donkey'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἄρτοςbreadN2 NSM · ἄρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔργονmatterN2N NSN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'matter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἰκέτῃservantN1M DSM · οἰκέτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἰκέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
26
ἔργασαι ἐν παιδί καὶ εὑρήσεις ἀνάπαυσιν ἄνες χεῖρας αὐτῷ καὶ ζητήσει ἐλευθερίαν
Set your servant to work, and you will find rest; leave his hands idle, and he will seek freedom.
Work disciplines the servant, while idleness naturally generates a search for escape.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἔργασαιput to workVA AMD2S · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐργάζομαι: meaning 'put to work'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παιδίservantN3D DSM · παῖςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρήσειςyou will findVF FAI2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'you will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνάπαυσινrestN3I ASF · ἀνάπαυσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'rest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνεςlet looseVH AAD2S · ἵημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵημι + ἀνα: meaning 'let loose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζητήσειwill seekN3I DSF · ζήτησιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceζήτησις: meaning 'will seek'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐλευθερίανελευθεριαN1A ASF · ἐλευθερίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐλευθερία: meaning 'ελευθερια'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
27
ζυγὸς καὶ ἱμὰς τράχηλον κάμψουσιν καὶ οἰκέτῃ κακούργῳ στρέβλαι καὶ βάσανοι
Yoke and thong will bend the neck, and for a wicked servant there are racks and torments.
Sirach speaks in the harsh idiom of ancient household coercion, stressing control over a wicked servant.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ζυγὸςyokeN2 NSM · ζυγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱμὰςthongN3 NSM · ἱμάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱμάς: meaning 'thong'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τράχηλονneckN2 ASM · τράχηλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κάμψουσινthey will bendVF FAI3S · κάμπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκάμπτω: meaning 'they will bend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκέτῃservantN1M DSM · οἰκέτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἰκέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κακούργῳwickedA1B DSM · κακοῦργοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακοῦργος: meaning 'wicked'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στρέβλαιtorturesN1 NPF · στρέβληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστρέβλη: meaning 'tortures'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βάσανοιtormentN2 NPF · βάσανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβάσανος: meaning 'torment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
28
ἔμβαλε αὐτὸν εἰς ἐργασίαν ἵνα μὴ ἀργῇ πολλὴν γὰρ κακίαν ἐδίδαξεν ἡ ἀργία
Put him to labor lest he be idle, for idleness has taught much evil.
Idleness is treated as a school of vice, so labor becomes preventive moral strategy.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἔμβαλεἔμβαλεVB AAD2S · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'ἔμβαλε'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐργασίανworkN1A ASF · ἐργασίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐργασία: meaning 'work'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργῇhe is idleV2 PAS3S · ἀργέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀργέω: meaning 'he is idle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολλὴνmuchA1 ASF · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακίανevilN1A ASF · κακίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐδίδαξενteachVAI AAI3S · διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδιδάσκω: meaning 'teach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργίαidlenessN1A NSF · ἀργίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀργία: meaning 'idleness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
29
εἰς ἔργα κατάστησον καθὼς πρέπει αὐτῷ κἂν μὴ πειθαρχῇ βάρυνον τὰς πέδας αὐτοῦ
Set him to tasks as is fitting for him; and if he does not obey, make his fetters heavy.
Discipline should first be proportionate to the servant's place, though Sirach still allows harsher constraint for disobedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατάστησονset / stationVA AAD2S · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καθὼςjust asC · καθώςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὼς: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρέπειis fittingV1 PAI3S · πρέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπρέπω: meaning 'is fitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κἂνeven ifC+X · καί̈ἄνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἂν: meaning 'even if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πειθαρχῇhe obeysV2 PAS3S · πειθαρχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπειθαρχέω: meaning 'he obeys'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βάρυνονmake heavyVA AAD2S · βαρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαρύνω: meaning 'make heavy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέδαςshacklesN1 APF · πέδηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπέδη: meaning 'shackles'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
30
καὶ μὴ περισσεύσῃς ἐπὶ πάσῃ σαρκὶ καὶ ἄνευ κρίσεως μὴ ποιήσῃς μηδέν
And do not be excessive toward any flesh, and do nothing without judgment.
The unit briefly checks its own severity: do not be excessive with any flesh, and let judgment govern action.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περισσεύσῃςyou be excessiveVA AAS2S · περισσεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπερισσεύω: meaning 'you be excessive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σαρκὶfleshN3K DSF · σάρξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἄνευ: meaning 'without'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίσεωςjudgmentN3I GSF · κρίσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσῃςdoVA AAS2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδένnothingA3P ASN · μηδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμηδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
31
εἰ ἔστιν σοι οἰκέτης ἔστω ὡς σύ ὅτι ἐν αἵματι ἐκτήσω αὐτόν
If you have a servant, let him be as yourself, because you acquired him with blood.
The servant is to be regarded as oneself in part because he was acquired at real cost.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἰκέτηςservantN1M NSM · οἰκέτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰκέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔστωisV9 PAD3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σύyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἵματιbloodN3M DSN · αἷμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκτήσωκτάομαιVAI AMI2S · κτάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτάομαι: meaning 'κτάομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
32
εἰ ἔστιν σοι οἰκέτης ἄγε αὐτὸν ὡς ἀδελφόν ὅτι ὡς ἡ ψυχή σου ἐπιδεήσεις αὐτῷ
If you have a servant, lead him as a brother, because you will need him as your own soul.
Sirach surprisingly deepens the claim by comparing the servant to a brother needed as one's own life.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἰκέτηςservantN1M NSM · οἰκέτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰκέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄγεbringV1 PAD2S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδελφόνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπιδεήσειςyou will need besidesVF FAI2S · δέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδέω + ἐπι: meaning 'you will need besides'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
33
ἐὰν κακώσῃς αὐτὸν καὶ ἀπάρας ἀποδρᾷ ἐν ποίᾳ ὁδῷ ζητήσεις αὐτόν
If you mistreat him and he rises up and runs away, on what road will you seek him?
Mistreatment may cost the master the very service he depends on, ending the chapter with pragmatic warning.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακώσῃςyou treat badlyVA AAS2S · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκακόω: meaning 'you treat badly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπάραςsetting outVA · ααπνσμ αἴρω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ αἴρω + ἀπο: meaning 'setting out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποδρᾷhe runs awayVB AAS3S · διδράσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδιδράσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he runs away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ποίᾳwhat sort ofA1A DSF · ποῖοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceποῖος: meaning 'what sort of'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ζητήσειςto inquireVF FAI2S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζητέω: meaning 'to inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.