1
ὁ συντηρῶν νόμον πλεονάζει προσφοράς θυσιάζων σωτηρίου ὁ προσέχων ἐντολαῖς
One who keeps the law multiplies offerings; one who attends to the commandments sacrifices a peace offering.
The unit opens by translating cultic abundance into obedience: law-keeping itself is sacrificial worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντηρῶνπαπνσμ τηρέω + συνV2 · παπνσμ τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τηρέω + συν: meaning 'παπνσμ τηρέω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πλεονάζειmultipliesV1 PAI3S · πλεονάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπλεονάζω: meaning 'multiplies'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσφοράςofferingsN1A APF · προσφοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροσφορά: meaning 'offerings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θυσιάζωνsacrificingV1 · παπνσμ θυσιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ θυσιάζω: meaning 'sacrificing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σωτηρίουpeace offeringN2N GSN · σωτήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσωτήριον: meaning 'peace offering'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσέχωνgiving heedV1 · παπνσμ ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἔχω + προς: meaning 'giving heed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολαῖςntoleN1A DPF · ἐντολήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐντολή: meaning 'ntole'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
2
ἀνταποδιδοὺς χάριν προσφέρων σεμίδαλιν καὶ ὁ ποιῶν ἐλεημοσύνην θυσιάζων αἰνέσεως
One who returns kindness offers fine flour, and one who gives alms sacrifices a praise offering.
Mercy toward others is placed alongside formal offering language, fusing ethics and liturgy.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀνταποδιδοὺςrepayingV8 · παπνσμ δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'repaying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
προσφέρωνofferingV1 · παπνσμ φέρω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ φέρω + προς: meaning 'offering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεμίδαλινfine flourN3I ASF · σεμίδαλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσεμίδαλις: meaning 'fine flour'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῶνdoing / workingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλεημοσύνηνalmsgivingN1 ASF · ἐλεημοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'almsgiving'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θυσιάζωνsacrificingV1 · παπνσμ θυσιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ θυσιάζω: meaning 'sacrificing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰνέσεωςpraiseN3I GSF · αἴνεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἴνεσις: meaning 'praise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
εὐδοκία κυρίου ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ πονηρίας καὶ ἐξιλασμὸς ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ ἀδικίας
To depart from wickedness is pleasing to the Lord, and to turn away from unrighteousness is atonement.
Turning from evil is named as what truly pleases God and what actually functions as atonement.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εὐδοκίαgood pleasureN1A NSF · εὐδοκίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐδοκία: meaning 'good pleasure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποστῆναιto departVH AAN · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'to depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πονηρίαςof wickednessN1A GSF · πονηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρία: meaning 'of wickedness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιλασμὸςpropitiationN2 NSM · ἐξιλασμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐξιλασμός: meaning 'propitiation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀποστῆναιto departVH AAN · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'to depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδικίαςinjusticeN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
μὴ ὀφθῇς ἐν προσώπῳ κυρίου κενός πάντα γὰρ ταῦτα χάριν ἐντολῆς
Do not appear before the Lord empty, for all these things are commanded.
The hearer is warned against empty appearance before God because genuine worship already has a commanded shape.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀφθῇςappearVV APS2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω: meaning 'appear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπῳof faceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'of face'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κενόςemptyA1 NSM · κενόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκενός: meaning 'empty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐντολῆςEntolasN1 GSF · ἐντολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐντολή: meaning 'Entolas'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
προσφορὰ δικαίου λιπαίνει θυσιαστήριον καὶ ἡ εὐωδία αὐτῆς ἔναντι ὑψίστου
The offering of the righteous enriches the altar, and its fragrance is before the Most High.
The righteous offering is not rejected; it rises richly because it is morally clean.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
προσφορὰofferingN1A NSF · προσφοράnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσφορά: meaning 'offering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίουof the righteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λιπαίνειsmoothsV1 PAI3S · λιπαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλιπαίνω: meaning 'smooths'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐωδίαfragranceN1A NSF · εὐωδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐωδία: meaning 'fragrance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
θυσία ἀνδρὸς δικαίου δεκτή καὶ τὸ μνημόσυνον αὐτῆς οὐκ ἐπιλησθήσεται
The sacrifice of a righteous man is acceptable, and its memorial will not be forgotten.
Its memorial endures before God, countering anxiety that ethical worship goes unnoticed.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
θυσίαsacrificeN1A NSF · θυσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαίουof the righteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δεκτήacceptableA1 NSF · δεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεκτός: meaning 'acceptable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N NSN · μνημόσυνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memorial'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλησθήσεταιwill be forgottenVS FPI3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'will be forgotten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
ἐν ἀγαθῷ ὀφθαλμῷ δόξασον τὸν κύριον καὶ μὴ σμικρύνῃς ἀπαρχὴν χειρῶν σου
Glorify the Lord with a good eye, and do not diminish the firstfruits of your hands.
The sage now presses positive generosity in firstfruits and disposition, not bare calculation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀγαθῷgoodA1 DSM · ἀγαθόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀφθαλμῷwith the eyeN2 DSM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'with the eye'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δόξασονglorifyVA AAD2S · δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδοξάζω: meaning 'glorify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σμικρύνῃςdiminishVA AAS2S · σμικρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσμικρύνω: meaning 'diminish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπαρχὴνfirstfruitsN1 ASF · ἀπαρχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπαρχή: meaning 'firstfruits'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
ἐν πάσῃ δόσει ἱλάρωσον τὸ πρόσωπόν σου καὶ ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ ἁγίασον δεκάτην
In every gift make your face cheerful, and dedicate your tithe with gladness.
Cheerfulness is required as part of the offering itself, not an optional ornament.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δόσειgiftN3I DSF · δόσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδόσις: meaning 'gift'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἱλάρωσονmake cheerfulVA AAD2S · ἱλαρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἱλαρόω: meaning 'make cheerful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐφροσύνῃgladnessN1 DSF · εὐφροσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁγίασονdedicateVA AAD2S · ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἁγιάζω: meaning 'dedicate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δεκάτηνdekatenA1 ASF · δέκατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδέκατος: meaning 'dekaten'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
δὸς ὑψίστῳ κατὰ τὴν δόσιν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν ἀγαθῷ ὀφθαλμῷ καθ' εὕρεμα χειρός
Give to the Most High according to his gift, and with a good eye according to what your hand has found.
Giving is scaled to what God first gave, so gratitude determines proportion.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑψίστῳMost HighA1 DSM · ὕψιστοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόσινgiftN3I ASF · δόσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόσις: meaning 'gift'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀγαθῷgoodA1 DSM · ἀγαθόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀφθαλμῷwith the eyeN2 DSM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'with the eye'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὕρεμαwhat is foundN3M ASN · εὕρεμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὕρεμα: meaning 'what is found'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
10
ὅτι κύριος ἀνταποδιδούς ἐστιν καὶ ἑπταπλάσια ἀνταποδώσει σοι
For the Lord is one who repays, and he will repay you sevenfold.
The command rests on divine recompense: God is the true repayer of gifts.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνταποδιδούςrepayingV8 · παπνσμ δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'repaying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπταπλάσιαsevenfoldA1A APN · ἑπταπλάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἑπταπλάσιος: meaning 'sevenfold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνταποδώσειwill repayVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
μὴ δωροκόπει οὐ γὰρ προσδέξεται καὶ μὴ ἔπεχε θυσίᾳ ἀδίκῳ
Do not try to bribe him, for he will not accept it; and do not rely on an unrighteous sacrifice.
Because God cannot be manipulated, bribery and unjust sacrifice are both dismissed.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δωροκόπειtry to bribeV2 PAD2S · δωροκοπέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδωροκοπέω: meaning 'try to bribe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσδέξεταιshall acceptVF FMI3S · δέχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'shall accept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπεχεrelyV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + ἐπι: meaning 'rely'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυσίᾳthysiaN1A DSF · θυσίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυσία: meaning 'thysia'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀδίκῳunjustA1B DSF · ἄδικοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
12
ὅτι κύριος κριτής ἐστιν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν παρ' αὐτῷ δόξα προσώπου
For the Lord is judge, and with him there is no partiality.
The reason is theological and judicial: the Lord is an impartial judge.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κριτήςjudgeN1M NSM · κριτήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
οὐ λήμψεται πρόσωπον ἐπὶ πτωχοῦ καὶ δέησιν ἠδικημένου εἰσακούσεται
He will not show partiality against a poor person, but he will listen to the prayer of the one who has been wronged.
That impartiality favors justice for the wronged rather than social prestige.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεταιreceiveVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πτωχοῦpoorN2 GSM · πτωχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέησινprayerN3I ASF · δέησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδέησις: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἠδικημένουone wrongedVM · χμπγσμ ἀδικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπγσμ ἀδικέω: meaning 'one wronged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰσακούσεταιlisten toVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'listen to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
οὐ μὴ ὑπερίδῃ ἱκετείαν ὀρφανοῦ καὶ χήραν ἐὰν ἐκχέῃ λαλιάν
He will never overlook the supplication of an orphan, or a widow when she pours out her complaint.
The orphan and widow are singled out as paradigmatic sufferers whom God refuses to ignore.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερίδῃoverlookVB AAS3S · ὁράω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω + ὑπερ: meaning 'overlook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἱκετείανiketeiaN1A ASF · ἱκετείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἱκετεία: meaning 'iketeia'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀρφανοῦorphanA1 GSM · ὀρφανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀρφανός: meaning 'orphan'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χήρανwidowN1A ASF · χήραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχήρα: meaning 'widow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκχέῃpours outV2 PAS3S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pours out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαλιάνspeechN1A ASF · λαλιάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαλιά: meaning 'speech'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
οὐχὶ δάκρυα χήρας ἐπὶ σιαγόνα καταβαίνει καὶ ἡ καταβόησις ἐπὶ τῷ καταγαγόντι αὐτά
Do not a widow's tears run down her cheek, and her outcry rise against the one who caused them?
The widow's visible tears are made into evidence that demands divine response.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δάκρυαtearsN2N NPN · δάκρυnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδάκρυ: meaning 'tears'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χήραςwidowN1A GSF · χήραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχήρα: meaning 'widow'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σιαγόναcheekN3N ASF · σιαγώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσιαγών: meaning 'cheek'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καταβαίνειgoes downV1 PAI3S · βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'goes down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβόησιςoutcryN3I NSF · καταβόησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαταβόησις: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταγαγόντιone who caused themVB · ααπδσμ ἄγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπδσμ ἄγω + κατα: meaning 'one who caused them'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
θεραπεύων ἐν εὐδοκίᾳ δεχθήσεται καὶ ἡ δέησις αὐτοῦ ἕως νεφελῶν συνάψει
One who serves with good pleasure will be accepted, and that person's petition will reach to the clouds.
Willing service is accepted, and petition is pictured ascending into God's realm.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
θεραπεύωνservingV1 · παπνσμ θεραπεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ θεραπεύω: meaning 'serving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐδοκίᾳgood pleasureN1A DSF · εὐδοκίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐδοκία: meaning 'good pleasure'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δεχθήσεταιwill be acceptedVQ FPI3S · δέχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδέχομαι: meaning 'will be accepted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέησιςsupplicationN3I NSF · δέησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδέησις: meaning 'supplication'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεφελῶνcloudsN1 GPF · νεφέληgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεφέλη: meaning 'clouds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συνάψειshall join battleVF FAI3S · ἅπτω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἅπτω + συν: meaning 'shall join battle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
προσευχὴ ταπεινοῦ νεφέλας διῆλθεν καὶ ἕως συνεγγίσῃ οὐ μὴ παρακληθῇ
The prayer of the humble has passed through the clouds, and until it draws near it will not be comforted.
The humble prayer is personified as unstoppable, pushing through the heavens until heard.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
προσευχὴprayerN1 NSF · προσευχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ταπεινοῦhumble manA1 GSM · ταπεινόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationταπεινός: meaning 'humble man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νεφέλαςνεφέληN1 APF · νεφέληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεφέλη: meaning 'νεφέλη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διῆλθενpass throughVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεγγίσῃdraws nearVA AAS3S · ἐγγίζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐγγίζω + συν: meaning 'draws near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρακληθῇbe comfortedVC APS3S · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'be comforted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀποστῇ ἕως ἐπισκέψηται ὁ ὕψιστος καὶ κρινεῖ δικαίοις καὶ ποιήσει κρίσιν
And it will not withdraw until the Most High looks upon it and judges righteously and executes judgment.
The same prayer remains before God until he acts judicially on its behalf.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστῇwithdrawVH AAS3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'withdraw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισκέψηταιskeptomai + epiVA AMS3S · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'skeptomai + epi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψιστοςMost HighA1 NSM · ὕψιστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρινεῖkrinoVF2 FAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαίοιςjust termsA1A DPM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'just terms'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειwill makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
καὶ ὁ κύριος οὐ μὴ βραδύνῃ οὐδὲ μὴ μακροθυμήσῃ ἐπ' αὐτοῖς
And the Lord will not delay, nor will he be patient with them any longer,
Divine patience reaches its limit when set against hardened oppressors.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βραδύνῃdelayVA AAS3S · βραδύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβραδύνω: meaning 'delay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μακροθυμήσῃbe patientVA AAS3S · μακροθυμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμακροθυμέω: meaning 'be patient'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
ἕως ἂν συντρίψῃ ὀσφὺν ἀνελεημόνων καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀνταποδώσει ἐκδίκησιν
until he crushes the loins of the merciless and repays vengeance to the nations,
The unit begins a rapid sequence of until-clauses describing decisive vengeance.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντρίψῃcrushesVA AAS3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτρίβω + συν: meaning 'crushes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀσφὺνloinsN3U ASF · ὀσφύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀσφύς: meaning 'loins'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνελεημόνωνmercilessA3N GPM · ἀνελεήμωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνελεήμων: meaning 'merciless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνταποδώσειwill repayVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκδίκησινvengeanceN3I ASF · ἐκδικήσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκδικήσις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
21
ἕως ἐξάρῃ πλῆθος ὑβριστῶν καὶ σκῆπτρα ἀδίκων συντρίψει
until he removes the multitude of the insolent and breaks the scepters of the unrighteous,
Oppressive pride and unjust rule are named as concrete targets of that judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξάρῃremoveVA AAS3S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑβριστῶνthe arrogantN1 GPM · ὑβριστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑβριστής: meaning 'the arrogant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκῆπτραscepterN2N APN · σκῆπτρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκῆπτρον: meaning 'scepter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀδίκωνof the unjustA1B GPM · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'of the unjust'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συντρίψειwill crushVF FAI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'will crush'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
ἕως ἀνταποδῷ ἀνθρώπῳ κατὰ τὰς πράξεις αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ἔργα τῶν ἀνθρώπων κατὰ τὰ ἐνθυμήματα αὐτῶν
until he repays a person according to deeds, and the works of human beings according to their thoughts,
God's intervention is not arbitrary but proportioned to deeds and inward intentions.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνταποδῷrepayVO AAS3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πράξειςdeedsN3I APF · πρᾶξιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρᾶξις: meaning 'deeds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνθυμήματαthoughtsN3M APN · ἐνθύμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐνθύμημα: meaning 'thoughts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
ἕως κρίνῃ τὴν κρίσιν τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ εὐφρανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ἐλέει αὐτοῦ
until he judges the cause of his people and gladdens them with his mercy.
Judgment for the oppressed becomes mercy and gladness for God's people.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίνῃκρινωVA AAS3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκρίνω: meaning 'κρινω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφρανεῖwill gladdenVF2 FAI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'will gladden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλέειmercyN3E DSN · ἔλεοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
ὡραῖον ἔλεος ἐν καιρῷ θλίψεως αὐτοῦ ὡς νεφέλαι ὑετοῦ ἐν καιρῷ ἀβροχίας
Mercy is beautiful in a time of affliction, like rain clouds in a season of drought.
The closing simile recasts mercy as timely rain: divine relief arrives exactly when affliction is driest.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὡραῖονbeautifulA1A NSN · ὡραῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὡραῖος: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θλίψεωςafflictionN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεφέλαιcloudsN1 NPF · νεφέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεφέλη: meaning 'clouds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑετοῦrainN2 GSM · ὑετόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑετός: meaning 'rain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀβροχίαςdroughtN1A GSF · ἀβροχίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀβροχία: meaning 'drought'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.