1
ἀσχολία μεγάλη ἔκτισται παντὶ ἀνθρώπῳ καὶ ζυγὸς βαρὺς ἐπὶ υἱοὺς Αδαμ ἀφ' ἡμέρας ἐξόδου ἐκ γαστρὸς μητρὸς αὐτῶν ἕως ἡμέρας ἐπιστροφῆς εἰς μητέρα πάντων
Great occupation was created for every human being, and a heavy yoke lies upon the sons of Adam from the day of their exit from their mother's womb until the day of their return to the mother of all.
Opens with a universal sentence on the burden of mortal life from birth to death.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἀσχολίαoccupationN1A NSF · ἀσχολίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσχολία: meaning 'occupation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔκτισταιwas createdVM XMI3S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκτίζω: meaning 'was created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζυγὸςyokeN2 NSM · ζυγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βαρὺςheavyA3U NSM · βαρύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβαρύς: meaning 'heavy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
Αδαμof AdamN GSM · Αδαμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑδαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξόδουoutgoing borderN2 GSF · ἔξοδοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔξοδος: meaning 'outgoing border'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γαστρὸςbellyN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγαστήρ: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μητρὸςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπιστροφῆςof turning backN1 GSF · ἐπιστροφήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπιστροφή: meaning 'of turning back'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μητέραmotherN3 ASF · μήτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ φόβον καρδίας ἐπίνοια προσδοκίας ἡμέρα τελευτῆς
Their reasonings and fear of heart are anxiety of expectation and the day of death.
Human anxiety is defined as expectation haunted by death.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαλογισμοὺςdevicesN2 APM · διαλογισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαλογισμός: meaning 'devices'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπίνοιαthoughtN1A NSF · ἐπίνοιαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπίνοια: meaning 'thought'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
προσδοκίαςexpectationN1A GSF · προσδοκίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπροσδοκία: meaning 'expectation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τελευτῆςend / deathN1 GSF · τελευτήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτελευτή: meaning 'end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
ἀπὸ καθημένου ἐπὶ θρόνου ἐνδόξου καὶ ἕως τεταπεινωμένου ἐν γῇ καὶ σποδῷ
From one seated on a glorious throne even to one humbled in earth and ashes,
The saying stretches the burden across the whole social scale, from throne to dust.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καθημένουsittingV5 · πμπγσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'sitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνδόξουgloriousA1B GSM · ἔνδοξοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔνδοξος: meaning 'glorious'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τεταπεινωμένουhumbledVM · χμπγσμ ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπγσμ ταπεινόω: meaning 'humbled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σποδῷashesN2 DSM · σποδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσποδός: meaning 'ashes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
4
ἀπὸ φοροῦντος ὑακίνθινον καὶ στέφανον καὶ ἕως περιβαλλομένου ὠμόλινον θυμὸς καὶ ζῆλος καὶ ταραχὴ καὶ σάλος καὶ φόβος θανάτου καὶ μηνίαμα καὶ ἔρις
from one wearing blue cloth and a crown even to one clothed in coarse linen: there are wrath and envy and trouble and unrest and fear of death and anger and strife.
Royal splendor and coarse poverty alike are overtaken by the same passions and fears.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φοροῦντοςwearingV2 · παπγσμ φορέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ φορέω: meaning 'wearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑακίνθινονblue clothA1 ASM · ὑακίνθινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: meaning 'blue cloth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στέφανονcrownN2 ASM · στέφανοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστέφανος: meaning 'crown'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
περιβαλλομένουclothedV1 · πμπγσμ βάλλω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ βάλλω + περι: meaning 'clothed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὠμόλινονcoarse linenN2N ASN · ὠμόλινονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὠμόλινον: meaning 'coarse linen'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζῆλοςjealousyN2 NSM · ζῆλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζῆλος: meaning 'jealousy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταραχὴturmoilN1 NSF · ταραχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταραχή: meaning 'turmoil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σάλοςunrestN2 NSM · σάλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσάλος: meaning 'unrest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μηνίαμαangerN3M NSN · μηνίαμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμηνίαμα: meaning 'anger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔριςstrifeN3D NSF · ἔριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔρις: meaning 'strife'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
5
καὶ ἐν καιρῷ ἀναπαύσεως ἐπὶ κοίτης ὕπνος νυκτὸς ἀλλοιοῖ γνῶσιν αὐτοῦ
And in the time of rest upon a bed, night's sleep alters his knowledge.
Even rest fails to grant mastery, because sleep itself unsettles perception.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀναπαύσεωςrestN3I GSF · ἀνάπαυσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'rest'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοίτηςfoldN1 GSF · κοίτηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοίτη: meaning 'fold'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὕπνοςsleepN2 NSM · ὕπνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕπνος: meaning 'sleep'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νυκτὸςnightN3 GSF · νύξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλλοιοῖchangesV4 PAI3S · ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀλλοιόω: meaning 'changes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ὀλίγον ὡς οὐδὲν ἐν ἀναπαύσει καὶ ἀπ' ἐκείνου ἐν ὕπνοις ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σκοπιᾶς τεθορυβημένος ἐν ὁράσει καρδίας αὐτοῦ ὡς ἐκπεφευγὼς ἀπὸ προσώπου πολέμου
A little, as though it were nothing, is his rest, and from that, in dreams, as on a day of watch, he is disturbed in the vision of his heart like one who has escaped from the face of battle.
Dream disturbance is pictured as battlefield panic, showing how thin human peace can be.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὀλίγονa littleA1 ASN · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'a little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀναπαύσειshall give restN3I DSF · ἀνάπαυσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'shall give rest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐκείνουthatRD GSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐκείνου: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕπνοιςdreamsN2 DPM · ὕπνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕπνος: meaning 'dreams'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σκοπιᾶςwatchN1A APF · σκοπιάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκοπιά: meaning 'watch'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τεθορυβημένοςdisturbedVM · χμπνσμ θορυβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ θορυβέω: meaning 'disturbed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁράσειsightN3I DSF · ὅρασιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅρασις: meaning 'sight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκπεφευγὼςhaving escapedVX · χαπνσμ φεύγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ φεύγω + ἐκ: meaning 'having escaped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ἐν καιρῷ χρείας αὐτοῦ ἐξηγέρθη καὶ ἀποθαυμάζων εἰς οὐδένα φόβον
At the time of his need he awoke, marveling that there was no fear.
The sufferer wakes amazed that the terror lacked substance, yet the disturbance was real enough.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χρείαςpositionN1A GSF · χρείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρεία: meaning 'position'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξηγέρθηεγειρω + εκVCI API3S · ἐγείρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'εγειρω + εκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθαυμάζωνmarvelingV1 · παπνσμ θαυμάζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ θαυμάζω + ἀπο: meaning 'marveling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐδέναnoA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'no'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
μετὰ πάσης σαρκὸς ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους καὶ ἐπὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἑπταπλάσια πρὸς ταῦτα
These things are for all flesh, from human being to beast, and upon sinners seven times more besides these:
Sirach gathers the common burden upon all flesh and intensifies it especially for sinners.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαρκὸςfleshN3K GSF · σάρξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κτήνουςof the beastN3E GSN · κτῆνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'of the beast'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτωλῶνof sinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'of sinners'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑπταπλάσιαsevenfoldA1A APN · ἑπταπλάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἑπταπλάσιος: meaning 'sevenfold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
θάνατος καὶ αἷμα καὶ ἔρις καὶ ῥομφαία ἐπαγωγαί λιμὸς καὶ σύντριμμα καὶ μάστιξ
death and blood and strife and sword, calamities, famine, crushing, and scourge.
A list of violent and punitive realities names the harsh conditions of mortal existence.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἷμαbloodN3M NSN · αἷμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔριςstrifeN3D NSF · ἔριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔρις: meaning 'strife'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥομφαίαswordN1A NSF · ῥομφαίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπαγωγαίcalamitiesN1 NPF · ἐπαγωγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπαγωγή: meaning 'calamities'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λιμὸςfamineN2 NSM · λιμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλιμός: meaning 'famine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σύντριμμαtermN3M NSN · σύντριμμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύντριμμα: meaning 'term'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάστιξwhipN3G NSF · μάστιξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάστιξ: meaning 'whip'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀνόμους ἐκτίσθη ταῦτα πάντα καὶ δι' αὐτοὺς ἐγένετο ὁ κατακλυσμός
All these were created for the lawless, and because of them the flood came to be.
These judgments belong particularly to the lawless and recall flood-level punishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνόμουςlawlessA1B APM · ἄνομοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκτίσθηwere createdVSI API3S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'were created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακλυσμόςfloodN2 NSM · κατακλυσμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκατακλυσμός: meaning 'flood'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
πάντα ὅσα ἀπὸ γῆς εἰς γῆν ἀναστρέφει καὶ ἀπὸ ὑδάτων εἰς θάλασσαν ἀνακάμπτει
Everything that is from earth returns to earth, and what is from waters turns back to the sea.
The discourse turns to return and dissolution: origins determine endings.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅσαas many asA1 NPN · ὅσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'as many as'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀναστρέφειἀναστρέφειV1 PAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀναστρέφει'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑδάτωνὕδωρN3T GPN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνακάμπτειturns backV1 PAI3S · κάμπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκάμπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'turns back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
πᾶν δῶρον καὶ ἀδικία ἐξαλειφθήσεται καὶ πίστις εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα στήσεται
Every gift and injustice will be wiped out, but faithfulness will stand forever.
Unrighteous advantage vanishes, but fidelity alone has permanence.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δῶρονa giftN2N NSN · δῶρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδῶρον: meaning 'a gift'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδικίαinjusticeN1A NSF · ἀδικίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξαλειφθήσεταιwill be wiped awayVV FPI3S · ἀλείφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλείφω + ἐκ: meaning 'will be wiped away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίστιςfaith / faithfulnessN3I NSF · πίστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπίστις: meaning 'faith'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στήσεταιstoodVF FMI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
χρήματα ἀδίκων ὡς ποταμὸς ξηρανθήσεται καὶ ὡς βροντὴ μεγάλη ἐν ὑετῷ ἐξηχήσει
The possessions of the unjust will dry up like a river, and like loud thunder in rain they will resound away.
Wicked wealth is made audible and transient like runoff thunder that quickly passes.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
χρήματαpossessionsN3M NPN · χρῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρῆμα: meaning 'possessions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀδίκωνof the unjustA1B GPM · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'of the unjust'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμὸςriverN2 NSM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ξηρανθήσεταιdry up / witherVC FPI3S · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureξηραίνω: meaning 'dry up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βροντὴthunderN1 NSF · βροντήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβροντή: meaning 'thunder'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑετῷas rainN2 DSM · ὑετόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑετός: meaning 'as rain'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐξηχήσειwill resound awayVF FAI3S · ἠχέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἠχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'will resound away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
ἐν τῷ ἀνοῖξαι αὐτὸν χεῖρας εὐφρανθήσεται οὕτως οἱ παραβαίνοντες εἰς συντέλειαν ἐκλείψουσιν
When he opens his hands he will rejoice; so transgressors will come to their end.
Temporary exultation gives way to the final extinction of transgressors.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνοῖξαιopenVA AAN · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐφρανθήσεταιwill rejoiceVC FPI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'will rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραβαίνοντεςtransgressorsV1 · παπνπμ βαίνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ βαίνω + παρα: meaning 'transgressors'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συντέλειανcompletionN1A ASF · συντέλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'completion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκλείψουσινleipo + ekVF FAI3P · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'leipo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
ἔκγονα ἀσεβῶν οὐ πληθυνεῖ κλάδους καὶ ῥίζαι ἀκάθαρτοι ἐπ' ἀκροτόμου πέτρας
The offspring of the ungodly will not multiply branches, and unclean roots are on a sheer rock.
The ungodly line is portrayed as shallow and rootless, unable to gain durable growth.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔκγοναoffspringA1B NPN · ἔκγονοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔκγονος: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληθυνεῖmultiplyVF2 FAI3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπληθύνω: meaning 'multiply'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κλάδουςboughs / branchesN2 APM · κλάδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκλάδος: meaning 'boughs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥίζαιrootsN1A NPF · ῥίζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥίζα: meaning 'roots'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκάθαρτοιuncleanA1B NPF · ἀκάθαρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκάθαρτος: meaning 'unclean'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀκροτόμουἀκρότομοςA1B GSF · ἀκρότομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκρότομος: meaning 'ἀκρότομος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πέτραςpetrasN1A GSF · πέτραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπέτρα: meaning 'petras'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
ἄχι ἐπὶ παντὸς ὕδατος καὶ χείλους ποταμοῦ πρὸ παντὸς χόρτου ἐκτιλήσεται
Rushes on every water and riverbank will be plucked up before every grass.
Like marsh growth easily torn up, unstable evil lacks lasting hold.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἄχιrushesN3 NSN · ἄχιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄχι: meaning 'rushes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χείλουςbankN3E GSN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'bank'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χόρτουχόρτοςN2 GSM · χόρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχόρτος: meaning 'χόρτος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκτιλήσεταιshall be uprootedVF FMI3S · τίλλω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be uprooted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
χάρις ὡς παράδεισος ἐν εὐλογίαις καὶ ἐλεημοσύνη εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα διαμενεῖ
Grace is like a paradise in blessings, and almsgiving remains forever.
Against that instability stand grace and almsgiving, pictured as durable and fertile.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράδεισοςparadise / gardenN2 NSM · παράδεισοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐλογίαιςblessingsN1A DPF · εὐλογίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐλογία: meaning 'blessings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεημοσύνηalmsgivingN1 NSF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'almsgiving'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διαμενεῖhe will remainVF2 FAI3S · μένω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμένω + δια: meaning 'he will remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
ζωὴ αὐτάρκους καὶ ἐργάτου γλυκανθήσεται καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀμφότερα ὁ εὑρίσκων θησαυρόν
The life of one who is self-sufficient and of a laborer will be made sweet, and better than both is one who finds treasure.
The unit begins a chain of comparative proverbs ranking goods within ordinary life.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ζωὴlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτάρκουςself-sufficientA3H GSM · αὐτάρκηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαὐτάρκης: meaning 'self-sufficient'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐργάτουlaborerN1S GSM · ἐργάτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐργάτης: meaning 'laborer'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γλυκανθήσεταιwill be made sweetVC FPI3S · γλυκαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγλυκαίνω: meaning 'will be made sweet'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A APN · ἀμφότεροιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρίσκωνfindV1 · παπνσμ εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θησαυρόνtreasureN2 ASM · θησαυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'treasure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
τέκνα καὶ οἰκοδομὴ πόλεως στηρίζουσιν ὄνομα καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀμφότερα γυνὴ ἄμωμος λογίζεται
Children and the building of a city establish a name, and above both a blameless wife is esteemed.
Civic achievement and offspring are surpassed by the stability of a blameless wife.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκοδομὴbuildingN1 NSF · οἰκοδομήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰκοδομή: meaning 'building'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στηρίζουσινestablishV1 PAI3P · στηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστηρίζω: meaning 'establish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A APN · ἀμφότεροιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄμωμοςblamelessA1B NSF · ἄμωμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄμωμος: meaning 'blameless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λογίζεταιdevisesV1 PMI3S · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλογίζομαι: meaning 'devises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
οἶνος καὶ μουσικὰ εὐφραίνουσιν καρδίαν καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀμφότερα ἀγάπησις σοφίας
Wine and music gladden the heart, and above both is the love of wisdom.
Pleasure in wine and music is subordinated to the love of wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οἶνοςwineN2 NSM · οἶνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουσικὰmusicN1 NPN · μουσικόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμουσικός: meaning 'music'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐφραίνουσινgladdenV1 PAI3P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐφραίνω: meaning 'gladden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A APN · ἀμφότεροιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγάπησιςloveN3I NSF · ἀγάπησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγάπησις: meaning 'love'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
21
αὐλὸς καὶ ψαλτήριον ἡδύνουσιν μέλη καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀμφότερα γλῶσσα ἡδεῖα
Flute and harp make melodies sweet, and above both is a pleasant tongue.
Sweet sound yields to the sweeter moral power of gracious speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
αὐλὸςfluteN2 NSM · αὐλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαὐλός: meaning 'flute'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλτήριονψαλτήριονN2N NSN · ψαλτήριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλτήριον: meaning 'ψαλτήριον'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡδύνουσινdelightV1 PAI3P · ἡδύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἡδύνω: meaning 'delight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μέληpiecesN3E APN · μέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέλος: meaning 'pieces'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A APN · ἀμφότεροιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡδεῖαsweetA3U NSF · ἡδύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡδύς: meaning 'sweet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
22
χάριν καὶ κάλλος ἐπιθυμήσει ὀφθαλμὸς καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀμφότερα χλόην σπόρου
The eye will desire favor and beauty, and above both the green growth of seed.
Visible beauty and fertility are real goods, yet still part of a larger ordering of values.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E ASN · κάλλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιθυμήσειhe may desireVF FAI3S · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'he may desire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A APN · ἀμφότεροιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χλόηνgreen growthN1 ASF · χλόηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχλόη: meaning 'green growth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σπόρουseedN2 GSM · σπόροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσπόρος: meaning 'seed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
23
φίλος καὶ ἑταῖρος εἰς καιρὸν ἀπαντῶντες καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀμφότερα γυνὴ μετὰ ἀνδρός
Friend and companion meet at the right time, and above both is a wife with her husband.
Timely friendship is precious, but conjugal union is shown as a deeper form of partnership.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
φίλοςfriendA1 NSM · φίλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑταῖροςcompanionN2 NSM · ἑταῖροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἑταῖρος: meaning 'companion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρὸνappointed time / seasonN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπαντῶντεςmeetingV3 · παπνπμ ἀντάω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἀντάω + ἀπο: meaning 'meeting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A APN · ἀμφότεροιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24
ἀδελφοὶ καὶ βοήθεια εἰς καιρὸν θλίψεως καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀμφότερα ἐλεημοσύνη ῥύσεται
Brothers and help are for a time of affliction, and above both almsgiving will rescue.
Family help in distress is strong, yet mercy that rescues is stronger still.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀδελφοὶbrothersN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοήθειαhelpN1A NSF · βοήθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρὸνappointed time / seasonN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θλίψεωςafflictionN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A APN · ἀμφότεροιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλεημοσύνηalmsgivingN1 NSF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'almsgiving'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ῥύσεταιrescueVF FMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
χρυσίον καὶ ἀργύριον ἐπιστήσουσιν πόδα καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀμφότερα βουλὴ εὐδοκιμεῖται
Gold and silver will steady the foot, and above both good counsel is approved.
Material security stabilizes, but sound counsel gives firmer footing.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N NSN · ἀργύριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπιστήσουσινwill steadyVF FAI3P · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'will steady'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόδαfootN3D ASM · πούςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A APN · ἀμφότεροιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐδοκιμεῖταιis approvedV2 PMI3S · εὐδοκιμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐδοκιμέω: meaning 'is approved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
χρήματα καὶ ἰσχὺς ἀνυψώσουσιν καρδίαν καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀμφότερα φόβος κυρίου οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν φόβῳ κυρίου ἐλάττωσις καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιζητῆσαι ἐν αὐτῷ βοήθειαν
Riches and strength will exalt the heart, and above both is the fear of the Lord. In the fear of the Lord there is no want, and there is no need to seek help in it.
The fear of the Lord is named as superior even to riches and strength because it contains sufficiency within itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
χρήματαpossessionsN3M NPN · χρῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρῆμα: meaning 'possessions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3U NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνυψώσουσινwill exaltVF FAI3P · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑψόω + ἀνα: meaning 'will exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A APN · ἀμφότεροιaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐλάττωσιςlossN3I NSF · ἐλάττωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλάττωσις: meaning 'loss'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιζητῆσαιto seekVA AAN · ζητέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementζητέω + ἐπι: meaning 'to seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βοήθειανhelpN1A ASF · βοήθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
27
φόβος κυρίου ὡς παράδεισος εὐλογίας καὶ ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν δόξαν ἐκάλυψεν αὐτόν
The fear of the Lord is like a paradise of blessing, and it has covered him more than every glory.
That fear is then pictured as a paradise-like covering of blessing and glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράδεισοςparadise / gardenN2 NSM · παράδεισοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐλογίαςblessingN1A GSF · εὐλογίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐλογία: meaning 'blessing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκάλυψενcoveredVAI AAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω: meaning 'covered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
28
τέκνον ζωὴν ἐπαιτήσεως μὴ βιώσῃς κρεῖσσον ἀποθανεῖν ἢ ἐπαιτεῖν
Child, do not live the life of a beggar; it is better to die than to beg.
The closing admonition rejects the life of begging as beneath human dignity.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπαιτήσεωςbeggingN3I GSF · ἐπαίτησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπαίτησις: meaning 'begging'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βιώσῃςyou should liveVA AAS2S · βιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβιόω: meaning 'you should live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρεῖσσονbetterA3C ASN · κρείσσωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποθανεῖνto dieVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'to die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαιτεῖνto begV2 PAN · αἰτέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἰτέω + ἐπι: meaning 'to beg'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
ἀνὴρ βλέπων εἰς τράπεζαν ἀλλοτρίαν οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῦ ὁ βίος ἐν λογισμῷ ζωῆς ἀλισγήσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐδέσμασιν ἀλλοτρίοις ἀνὴρ δὲ ἐπιστήμων καὶ πεπαιδευμένος φυλάξεται
A man looking to another's table does not have a life that counts as life; he will defile his soul with another's foods, but a discerning and instructed man will guard himself.
Dependence on another's table is described as inwardly defiling because it yields one's life to another's provision.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βλέπωνwho sawV1 · παπνσμ βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βλέπω: meaning 'who saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τράπεζανtableN1S ASF · τράπεζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτράπεζα: meaning 'table'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλοτρίανforeignA1A ASF · ἀλλότριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίοςlifeN2 NSM · βίοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λογισμῷreasonN2 DSM · λογισμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλογισμός: meaning 'reason'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλισγήσειwill defileVF FAI3S · ἀλισγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλισγέω: meaning 'will defile'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐδέσμασινfoodsN3M DPN · ἔδεσμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔδεσμα: meaning 'foods'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλλοτρίοιςbelonging to anotherA1A DPN · ἀλλότριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'belonging to another'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστήμωνdiscerningA3N NSM · ἐπιστήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιστήμων: meaning 'discerning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεπαιδευμένοςdisciplinedVM · χμπνσμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ παιδεύω: meaning 'disciplined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυλάξεταιguardVF FMI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφυλάσσω: meaning 'guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
30
ἐν στόματι ἀναιδοῦς γλυκανθήσεται ἐπαίτησις καὶ ἐν κοιλίᾳ αὐτοῦ πῦρ καήσεται
In the mouth of the shameless begging will seem sweet, but in his belly a fire will burn.
The apparent sweetness of shameless begging ends as inward burning, exposing its true misery.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀναιδοῦςshamelessA3 GSM · ἀναιδήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀναιδής: meaning 'shameless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γλυκανθήσεταιwill be made sweetVC FPI3S · γλυκαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγλυκαίνω: meaning 'will be made sweet'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπαίτησιςbeggingN3I NSF · ἐπαίτησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπαίτησις: meaning 'begging'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοιλίᾳwombN1A DSF · κοιλίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκοιλία: meaning 'womb'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καήσεταιwill burnVD FPI3S · καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαίω: meaning 'will burn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.