1
ὦ θάνατε ὡς πικρόν σου τὸ μνημόσυνόν ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ εἰρηνεύοντι ἐν τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν αὐτοῦ ἀνδρὶ ἀπερισπάστῳ καὶ εὐοδουμένῳ ἐν πᾶσιν καὶ ἔτι ἰσχύοντι ἐπιδέξασθαι τροφήν
O death, how bitter your remembrance is to a man at peace in his possessions, to a man undistracted and prospering in all things and still strong enough to take food.
The unit opens by voicing how intolerable death appears to the secure and prosperous.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὦOI · ὦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὦ: meaning 'O'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θάνατεdeathN2 VSM · θάνατοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πικρόνbitterA1A NSN · πικρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπικρός: meaning 'bitter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνημόσυνόνmemorialN2N NSN · μνημόσυνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memorial'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εἰρηνεύοντιat peaceV1 · παπδσμ εἰρηνεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσμ εἰρηνεύω: meaning 'at peace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπάρχουσινpossessionsA1 DPN · ὑπάρχοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑπάρχος: meaning 'possessions'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπερισπάστῳundistractedA1B DSM · ἀπερίσπαστοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπερίσπαστος: meaning 'undistracted'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐοδουμένῳprosperingV4 · πμπδσμ εὐοδόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδσμ εὐοδόω: meaning 'prospering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύοντιbeing strongV1 · παπδσμ ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσμ ἰσχύω: meaning 'being strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιδέξασθαιto receiveVA AMN · δέχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδέχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'to receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τροφήνfoodN1 ASF · τροφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροφή: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
ὦ θάνατε καλόν σου τὸ κρίμα ἐστὶν ἀνθρώπῳ ἐπιδεομένῳ καὶ ἐλασσουμένῳ ἰσχύι ἐσχατογήρῳ καὶ περισπωμένῳ περὶ πάντων καὶ ἀπειθοῦντι καὶ ἀπολωλεκότι ὑπομονήν
O death, your sentence is good for a needy man and one diminished in strength, for one at the end of old age and distracted about everything, for one disobedient and one who has lost patience.
The same death is revalued as fitting or even merciful for the depleted and weary.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὦOI · ὦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὦ: meaning 'O'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θάνατεdeathN2 VSM · θάνατοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καλόνgoodA1 NSN · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M NSN · κρίμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπιδεομένῳneedyV2 · πμπδσμ δέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδσμ δέω + ἐπι: meaning 'needy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλασσουμένῳdiminishedV4 · πμπδσμ ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδσμ ἐλαττόω: meaning 'diminished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐσχατογήρῳat the end of old ageA1B DSM · ἐσχατογήροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐσχατογήρος: meaning 'at the end of old age'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περισπωμένῳdistractedV3 · πμπδσμ σπάω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδσμ σπάω + περι: meaning 'distracted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάντωνall / everyA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπειθοῦντιdisobedientV2 · παπδσμ ἀπειθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσμ ἀπειθέω: meaning 'disobedient'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολωλεκότιhaving lostVX · χαπδσμ ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπδσμ ὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'having lost'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπομονήνenduranceN1 ASF · ὑπομονήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπομονή: meaning 'endurance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
μὴ εὐλαβοῦ κρίμα θανάτου μνήσθητι προτέρων σου καὶ ἐσχάτων
Do not fear the sentence of death; remember those before you and those after.
Sirach counters instinctive dread by placing individual death within the universal human procession.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλαβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προτέρωνformerA1A GPN · πρότεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρότερος: meaning 'former'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσχάτωνlatter endA1 GPN · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'latter end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
τοῦτο τὸ κρίμα παρὰ κυρίου πάσῃ σαρκί καὶ τί ἀπαναίνῃ ἐν εὐδοκίᾳ ὑψίστου εἴτε δέκα εἴτε ἑκατὸν εἴτε χίλια ἔτη οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ᾅδου ἐλεγμὸς ζωῆς
This is the sentence from the Lord for all flesh, and why do you refuse what pleases the Most High? Whether ten or a hundred or a thousand years, there is no reproof of life in Hades.
Death is a divine sentence shared by all flesh, so resisting it is futile and out of step with God's ordering.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M NSN · κρίμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σαρκίfleshN3K DSF · σάρξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπαναίνῃrefuseV2 PAS3S · αἰνέω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἰνέω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'refuse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐδοκίᾳgood pleasureN1A DSF · εὐδοκίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐδοκία: meaning 'good pleasure'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἴτεwhetherC · εἴτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴτε: meaning 'whether'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtenM · δέκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴτεwhetherC · εἴτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴτε: meaning 'whether'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴτεwhetherC · εἴτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴτε: meaning 'whether'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίλιαthousandA1A NPN · χίλιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ᾅδουto HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾅδης: meaning 'to Hades'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐλεγμὸςrebukeN2 NSM · ἐλεγμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεγμός: meaning 'rebuke'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
τέκνα βδελυρὰ γίνεται τέκνα ἁμαρτωλῶν καὶ συναναστρεφόμενα παροικίαις ἀσεβῶν
Abominable children become the children of sinners, consorting in the dwellings of the ungodly.
The discourse turns from death to legacy, beginning with the corrupt continuation of sinners in their children.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βδελυρὰabominableA1A NPN · βδελυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδελυρός: meaning 'abominable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁμαρτωλῶνof sinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'of sinners'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συναναστρεφόμεναconsortingV1 · πμπνπν στρέφω + συν + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπν στρέφω + συν + ἀνα: meaning 'consorting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παροικίαιςdwelling placesN1A DPF · παροικίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαροικία: meaning 'dwelling places'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
τέκνων ἁμαρτωλῶν ἀπολεῖται κληρονομία καὶ μετὰ τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτῶν ἐνδελεχιεῖ ὄνειδος
The inheritance of sinners' children will perish, and with their offspring reproach will continue.
Their inheritance collapses, and reproach rather than honor follows the family line.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τέκνωνteknonN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέκνον: meaning 'teknon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἁμαρτωλῶνof sinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'of sinners'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπολεῖταιwill perishVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κληρονομίαinheritanceN1A NSF · κληρονομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματοςseedN3M GSN · σπέρμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνδελεχιεῖwill continueVF2 FAI3S · ἐνδελεχίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐνδελεχίζω: meaning 'will continue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄνειδοςreproachN3E ASN · ὄνειδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνειδος: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
7
πατρὶ ἀσεβεῖ μέμψεται τέκνα ὅτι δι' αὐτὸν ὀνειδισθήσονται
Children will complain about an ungodly father, because through him they will be disgraced.
The shame becomes personal when children bear the social consequences of an ungodly father.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
πατρὶfatherN3 DSM · πατήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀσεβεῖungodlyA3H DSM · ἀσεβήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μέμψεταιwill complainVF FMI3S · μέμφομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμέμφομαι: meaning 'will complain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀνειδισθήσονταιwill be disgracedVS FPI3P · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀνειδίζω: meaning 'will be disgraced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
οὐαὶ ὑμῖν ἄνδρες ἀσεβεῖς οἵτινες ἐγκατελίπετε νόμον θεοῦ ὑψίστου
Woe to you, ungodly men, who abandoned the law of the Most High God.
A prophetic woe is spoken directly over those who abandoned the law.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαὶ: meaning 'woe'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἵτινεςwhoRX NPM · ὅστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅστις: meaning 'who'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγκατελίπετεthey forsookVBI AAI2P · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
καὶ ἐὰν γεννηθῆτε εἰς κατάραν γεννηθήσεσθε καὶ ἐὰν ἀποθάνητε εἰς κατάραν μερισθήσεσθε
If you are born, you will be born for a curse, and if you die, you will be apportioned to a curse.
Birth and death alike are placed under curse when life is alienated from the law of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεννηθῆτεyou are bornVC APS2P · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγεννάω: meaning 'you are born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κατάρανcurseN1A ASF · κατάραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκατάρα: meaning 'curse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γεννηθήσεσθεyou will be bornVC FPI2P · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγεννάω: meaning 'you will be born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθάνητεyou may dieVB AAS2P · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'you may die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κατάρανcurseN1A ASF · κατάραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκατάρα: meaning 'curse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μερισθήσεσθεyou will be apportionedVS FPI2P · μερίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμερίζω: meaning 'you will be apportioned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
πάντα ὅσα ἐκ γῆς εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσεται οὕτως ἀσεβεῖς ἀπὸ κατάρας εἰς ἀπώλειαν
Everything that is from earth will go away to earth; so the ungodly go from curse to destruction.
The destiny of the ungodly mirrors material dissolution: they move from curse to ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅσαas many asA1 NPN · ὅσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'as many as'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπελεύσεταιhe will departVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'he will depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κατάραςcurseN1A GSF · κατάραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκατάρα: meaning 'curse'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
πένθος ἀνθρώπων ἐν σώμασιν αὐτῶν ὄνομα δὲ ἁμαρτωλῶν οὐκ ἀγαθὸν ἐξαλειφθήσεται
The mourning of human beings is in their bodies, but the bad name of sinners will be blotted out.
Human mourning is temporary and bodily, but the disgraceful name of sinners is erased rather than honored.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πένθοςmourningN3E NSN · πένθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπένθος: meaning 'mourning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σώμασινbodyN3M DPN · σῶμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμαρτωλῶνof sinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'of sinners'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 ASN · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξαλειφθήσεταιwill be wiped awayVV FPI3S · ἀλείφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλείφω + ἐκ: meaning 'will be wiped away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
φρόντισον περὶ ὀνόματος αὐτὸ γάρ σοι διαμενεῖ ἢ χίλιοι μεγάλοι θησαυροὶ χρυσίου
Take thought for your name, for it will remain with you more than a thousand great treasures of gold.
This leads to the positive admonition: guard your name as a treasure better than wealth.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
φρόντισονtake thoughtVA AAD2S · φροντίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφροντίζω: meaning 'take thought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀνόματοςnameN3M GSN · ὄνομαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτὸitRD NSN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διαμενεῖhe will remainVF2 FAI3S · μένω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμένω + δια: meaning 'he will remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίλιοιthousandA1A NPM · χίλιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
μεγάλοιgreatA1 NPM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θησαυροὶtreasureN2 NPM · θησαυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθησαυρός: meaning 'treasure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
ἀγαθῆς ζωῆς ἀριθμὸς ἡμερῶν καὶ ἀγαθὸν ὄνομα εἰς αἰῶνα διαμενεῖ
The number of days belongs to a good life, but a good name remains forever.
A good name is explicitly set above mere length of life.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀγαθῆςnobleA1 GSF · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'noble'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 NSN · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διαμενεῖhe will remainVF2 FAI3S · μένω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμένω + δια: meaning 'he will remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
παιδείαν ἐν εἰρήνῃ συντηρήσατε τέκνα σοφία δὲ κεκρυμμένη καὶ θησαυρὸς ἀφανής τίς ὠφέλεια ἐν ἀμφοτέροις
Keep instruction in peace, children; hidden wisdom and an unseen treasure, what benefit is in both?
Sirach urges the quiet keeping of instruction while warning that concealed wisdom helps no one.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εἰρήνῃpeaceN1 DSF · εἰρήνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συντηρήσατεkeepVA AAD2P · τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτηρέω + συν: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τέκναchildrenN2N VPN · τέκνονvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κεκρυμμένηhiddenVP · χμπνσφ κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσφ κρύπτω: meaning 'hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θησαυρὸςtreasureN2 NSM · θησαυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθησαυρός: meaning 'treasure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφανήςunseenA3H NSM · ἀφανήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀφανής: meaning 'unseen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τίςwhatRI NSF · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὠφέλειαprofitN1A NSF · ὠφέλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὠφέλεια: meaning 'profit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμφοτέροιςbothA1A DPM · ἀμφότεροιdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
15
κρείσσων ἄνθρωπος ἀποκρύπτων τὴν μωρίαν αὐτοῦ ἢ ἄνθρωπος ἀποκρύπτων τὴν σοφίαν αὐτοῦ
Better is a person hiding his folly than a person hiding his wisdom.
Folly should be hidden; wisdom should not be buried unused.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀποκρύπτωνhidingV1 · παπνσμ κρύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'hiding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μωρίανfollyN1A ASF · μωρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμωρία: meaning 'folly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀποκρύπτωνhidingV1 · παπνσμ κρύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'hiding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
τοιγαροῦν ἐντράπητε ἐπὶ τῷ ῥήματί μου οὐ γάρ ἐστιν πᾶσαν αἰσχύνην διαφυλάξαι καλόν καὶ οὐ πάντα πᾶσιν ἐν πίστει εὐδοκιμεῖται
Therefore be ashamed according to my word; for it is not good to preserve every kind of shame, and not everything is approved by all in faithfulness.
The unit now distinguishes false shame from the shame that rightly guards moral boundaries.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
τοιγαροῦντοιγαροῦνX · τοιγαροῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτοιγαροῦν: meaning 'τοιγαροῦν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐντράπητεbe ashamedVB AAS2P · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'be ashamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματίwordN3M DSN · ῥῆμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰσχύνηνshameN1 ASF · αἰσχύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διαφυλάξαι+ diaVA AAN · φυλάσσω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφυλάσσω + δια: meaning '+ dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλόνgoodA1 NSN · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πίστειgood faith / faithfulnessN3I DSF · πίστιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπίστις: meaning 'good faith'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐδοκιμεῖταιis approvedV2 PMI3S · εὐδοκιμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐδοκιμέω: meaning 'is approved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
αἰσχύνεσθε ἀπὸ πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς περὶ πορνείας καὶ ἀπὸ ἡγουμένου καὶ δυνάστου περὶ ψεύδους
Be ashamed before father and mother about sexual immorality, and before ruler and potentate about lying,
The first pairings place sexual immorality and lying under the gaze of household and political authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
αἰσχύνεσθεbe ashamedV1 PMD2P · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰσχύνω: meaning 'be ashamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μητρὸςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πορνείαςsexual immoralityN1A GSF · πορνείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπορνεία: meaning 'sexual immorality'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡγουμένουleaderV2 · πμπγσμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'leader'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυνάστουof a rulerN1M GSM · δυνάστηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδυνάστης: meaning 'of a ruler'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψεύδουςfalsehoodA3H GSM · ψευδήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψευδής: meaning 'falsehood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
ἀπὸ κριτοῦ καὶ ἄρχοντος περὶ πλημμελείας καὶ ἀπὸ συναγωγῆς καὶ λαοῦ περὶ ἀνομίας
before judge and magistrate about transgression, and before assembly and people about lawlessness,
Judicial and communal contexts are added to show that public wrongdoing deserves shame.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κριτοῦjudgeN1M GSM · κριτήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρχοντοςcommanderN3 GSM · ἄρχωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρχων: meaning 'commander'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλημμελείαςtransgressionN1A GSF · πλημμέλειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλημμέλεια: meaning 'transgression'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συναγωγῆςassemblyN1 GSF · συναγωγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A GSF · ἀνομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
19
ἀπὸ κοινωνοῦ καὶ φίλου περὶ ἀδικίας καὶ ἀπὸ τόπου οὗ παροικεῖς περὶ κλοπῆς
before companion and friend about injustice, and before the place where you sojourn about theft,
Justice toward friends and honesty within one's place of residence are also matters for moral embarrassment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοινωνοῦcompanionN2 GSM · κοινωνόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοινωνός: meaning 'companion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φίλουfriendA1 GSM · φίλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδικίαςinjusticeN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τόπουplaceN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροικεῖςyou sojournV2 PAI2S · οἰκέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'you sojourn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κλοπῆςof theftN1 GSF · κλοπήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκλοπή: meaning 'of theft'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
ἀπὸ ἀληθείας θεοῦ καὶ διαθήκης καὶ ἀπὸ πήξεως ἀγκῶνος ἐπ' ἄρτοις
before the truth of God and covenant, and about leaning the elbow on bread,
Reverence for covenant truth and table manners come under the same pedagogy of shame.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀληθείαςtruthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθήκηςcovenantN1 GSF · διαθήκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πήξεωςleaningN3I GSF · πῆξιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῆξις: meaning 'leaning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀγκῶνοςelbowN3W GSM · ἀγκώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγκών: meaning 'elbow'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄρτοιςbreadN2 DPM · ἄρτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
21
ἀπὸ σκορακισμοῦ λήμψεως καὶ δόσεως καὶ ἀπὸ ἀσπαζομένων περὶ σιωπῆς
about contempt in receiving and giving, and about silence before those who greet you,
Scornful dealings and rude silence are exposed as failures of honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκορακισμοῦcontemptN2 GSM · σκορακισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκορακισμός: meaning 'contempt'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λήμψεωςreceivingN3I GSF · λῆμψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλῆμψις: meaning 'receiving'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόσεωςgivingN3I GSF · δόσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόσις: meaning 'giving'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀσπαζομένωνthose greetingV1 · πμπγπμ ἀσπάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ ἀσπάζομαι: meaning 'those greeting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σιωπῆςsilenceN1 GSF · σιωπήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσιωπή: meaning 'silence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
22
ἀπὸ ὁράσεως γυναικὸς ἑταίρας καὶ ἀπὸ ἀποστροφῆς προσώπου συγγενοῦς
about looking at a prostitute, and about turning away the face of a relative,
Sexualized vision and coldness toward kin are named together as disorders of relation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁράσεωςvisionN3I GSF · ὅρασιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅρασις: meaning 'vision'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑταίραςof a courtesanN1A GSF · ἑταίραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἑταίρα: meaning 'of a courtesan'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀποστροφῆςturning awayN1 GSF · ἀποστροφήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀποστροφή: meaning 'turning away'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συγγενοῦςrelativeA3H GSN · συγγενήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυγγενής: meaning 'relative'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
23
ἀπὸ ἀφαιρέσεως μερίδος καὶ δόσεως καὶ ἀπὸ κατανοήσεως γυναικὸς ὑπάνδρου
about taking away a share or a gift, and about gazing at another man's wife,
Property violation and adulterous attention are both shaming acts.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφαιρέσεωςtaking awayN3I GSF · ἀφαίρεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀφαίρεσις: meaning 'taking away'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μερίδοςportionN3D GSF · μερίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόσεωςgivingN3I GSF · δόσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόσις: meaning 'giving'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κατανοήσεωςgazingN3I GSF · κατανοήσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκατανοήσις: meaning 'gazing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπάνδρουanother man's wifeA1B GSF · ὑπάνδροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑπάνδρος: meaning 'another man's wife'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24
ἀπὸ περιεργίας παιδίσκης αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ ἐπιστῇς ἐπὶ τὴν κοίτην αὐτῆς
about meddling with her maidservant, and do not stand over her bed,
Intrusion into a servant girl's sexual space is forbidden as indecent meddling.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
περιεργίαςmeddlingN1A GSF · περιεργίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπεριεργία: meaning 'meddling'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παιδίσκηςmaidservantN1 GSF · παιδίσκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδίσκη: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστῇςstand atVH AAS2S · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'stand at'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοίτηνbedN1 ASF · κοίτηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοίτη: meaning 'bed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
ἀπὸ φίλων περὶ λόγων ὀνειδισμοῦ καὶ μετὰ τὸ δοῦναι μὴ ὀνείδιζε
about insulting words before friends, and after giving, do not reproach,
Speech among friends must avoid reproach and humiliating reminders of past gifts.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φίλωνfriendA1 GPM · φίλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀνειδισμοῦoneidismosN2 GSM · ὀνειδισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'oneidismos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνείδιζεreproachV1 PAD2S · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
ἀπὸ δευτερώσεως καὶ λόγου ἀκοῆς καὶ ἀπὸ καλύψεως λόγων κρυφίων
about repeating hearsay and speech, and about revealing hidden words.
Gossip and exposure of secrets are condemned as matters for genuine shame.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δευτερώσεωςrepeatingN3I GSF · δευτέρωσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδευτέρωσις: meaning 'repeating'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγουwordN2 GSM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀκοῆςreportN1 GSF · ἀκοήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκοή: meaning 'report'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καλύψεωςrevealingN3I GSF · κάλυψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάλυψις: meaning 'revealing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρυφίωνsecretA1A GPM · κρύφιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρύφιος: meaning 'secret'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
27
καὶ ἔσῃ αἰσχυντηρὸς ἀληθινῶς καὶ εὑρίσκων χάριν ἔναντι παντὸς ἀνθρώπου
Then you will be truly modest and will find favor before every human being.
True modesty and favor follow when shame is governed by wisdom rather than social whim.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσῃyou shall beVF FMI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'you shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰσχυντηρὸςmodestA1A NSM · αἰσχυντηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰσχυντηρός: meaning 'modest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀληθινῶςtrulyD · ἀληθινῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀληθινῶς: meaning 'truly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρίσκωνfindV1 · παπνσμ εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.