1
μὴ περὶ τούτων αἰσχυνθῇς καὶ μὴ λάβῃς πρόσωπον τοῦ ἁμαρτάνειν
Do not be ashamed of these things, and do not show partiality so as to sin:
The unit opens by distinguishing justified boldness from sinful partiality.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τούτωνtheseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἰσχυνθῇςαἰσχυνθῇςVC APS2S · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἰσχύνω: meaning 'αἰσχυνθῇς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάβῃςtakeVB AAS2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτάνεινsinV1 PAN · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'sin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
περὶ νόμου ὑψίστου καὶ διαθήκης καὶ περὶ κρίματος δικαιῶσαι τὸν ἀσεβῆ
of the law of the Most High and the covenant, and of judgment that acquits the ungodly;
Law, covenant, and judicial clarity are named as fields where embarrassment must not prevent right action.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθήκηςcovenantN1 GSF · διαθήκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίματοςjudgmentN3M GSN · κρίμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαιῶσαιyou shall justify / acquitVA AAN · δικαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδικαιόω: meaning 'you shall justify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῆungodlyA3H ASM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
περὶ λόγου κοινωνοῦ καὶ ὁδοιπόρων καὶ περὶ δόσεως κληρονομίας ἑταίρων
of settling accounts with a companion and fellow travelers, and of dividing an inheritance with friends;
Practical justice in travel, partnership, and inheritance is added to the list.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λόγουwordN2 GSM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κοινωνοῦcompanionN2 GSM · κοινωνόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοινωνός: meaning 'companion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδοιπόρωνfellow travelersN2 GPM · ὁδοιπόροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδοιπόρος: meaning 'fellow travelers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δόσεωςdivisionN3I GSF · δόσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόσις: meaning 'division'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κληρονομίαςinheritanceN1A GSF · κληρονομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑταίρωνassociateN2 GPM · ἑταῖροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἑταῖρος: meaning 'associate'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
περὶ ἀκριβείας ζυγοῦ καὶ σταθμίων καὶ περὶ κτήσεως πολλῶν καὶ ὀλίγων
of exactness with balance and weights, and of acquiring much or little;
Commercial exactness is framed as a moral obligation rather than a socially awkward detail.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀκριβείαςexactnessN1A GSF · ἀκρίβειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκρίβεια: meaning 'exactness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζυγοῦyokeN2 GSM · ζυγόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σταθμίωνweightsN2 GPN · σταθμίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσταθμίον: meaning 'weights'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κτήσεωςacquiringN3I GSF · κτῆσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκτῆσις: meaning 'acquiring'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλῶνmany / muchA1 GPN · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλίγωνlittleA1 GPN · ὀλίγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'little'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
περὶ διαφόρου πράσεως ἐμπόρων καὶ περὶ παιδείας τέκνων πολλῆς καὶ οἰκέτῃ πονηρῷ πλευρὰν αἱμάξαι
of varying sales by merchants, and of severe discipline for children, and of drawing blood from the side of a wicked servant;
Discipline in household and trade extends even to severe corrective measures in Sirach's social world.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαφόρουvaryingA1B GSF · διάφοροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιάφορος: meaning 'varying'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πράσεωςmerchandise / sellingN3I GSF · πρᾶσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρᾶσις: meaning 'merchandise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐμπόρωνmerchantN2 GPM · ἔμποροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔμπορος: meaning 'merchant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παιδείαςdiscipline / instructionN1A GSF · παιδείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τέκνωνteknonN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέκνον: meaning 'teknon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλῆςgreatA1 GSF · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'great'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκέτῃservantN1M DSM · οἰκέτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἰκέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πονηρῷevilA1A DSM · πονηρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πλευρὰνsideN1A ASF · πλευράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλευρά: meaning 'side'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἱμάξαιdraw bloodVA AAN · αἱμάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἱμάσσω: meaning 'draw blood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ἐπὶ γυναικὶ πονηρᾷ καλὸν σφραγίς καὶ ὅπου χεῖρες πολλαί κλεῖσον
with an evil wife, a seal is good, and where many hands are, lock things up;
Guarding property and limiting access are commended as practical wisdom, especially in unstable households.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναικὶwifeN3K DSF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πονηρᾷevilA1A DSF · πονηρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καλὸνbeautifulA1 NSN · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σφραγίςsealN3D NSF · σφραγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσφραγίς: meaning 'seal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅπουwhereX · ὅπουadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπου: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεῖρεςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολλαίmanyA1 NPF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κλεῖσονlock upVA AAD2S · κλείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλείω: meaning 'lock up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
ὃ ἐὰν παραδιδῷς ἐν ἀριθμῷ καὶ σταθμῷ καὶ δόσις καὶ λῆμψις πάντα ἐν γραφῇ
whatever you hand over, do it by number and weight, and put every giving and receiving in writing;
Measurement and written record are praised as safeguards of justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὃwhichRR ASN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδιδῷςyou hand overV8 PAS2S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'you hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀριθμῷnumberN2 DSM · ἀριθμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σταθμῷfull weightN2 DSM · σταθμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσταθμός: meaning 'full weight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόσιςgiftN3I NSF · δόσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόσις: meaning 'gift'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λῆμψιςtakingN3I NSF · λῆμψιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλῆμψις: meaning 'taking'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γραφῇwritingN1 DSF · γραφήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγραφή: meaning 'writing'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
8
περὶ παιδείας ἀνοήτου καὶ μωροῦ καὶ ἐσχατογήρως κρινομένου πρὸς νέους καὶ ἔσῃ πεπαιδευμένος ἀληθινῶς καὶ δεδοκιμασμένος ἔναντι παντὸς ζῶντος
of disciplining a senseless and foolish person, and an old man judged with younger men; thus you will be truly disciplined and approved before every living person.
Firm discipline, even across awkward generational lines, leads to tested approval.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παιδείαςdiscipline / instructionN1A GSF · παιδείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνοήτουsenselessA1B GSF · ἀνόητοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνόητος: meaning 'senseless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μωροῦfoolishA1A GSM · μωρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμωρός: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσχατογήρωςold manA3 GSM · ἐσχατόγηρωςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐσχατόγηρως: meaning 'old man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρινομένουbeing judgedV1 · πμπγσμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ κρίνω: meaning 'being judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νέουςyounger menA1A APM · νέοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνέος: meaning 'younger men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσῃyou shall beVF FMI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'you shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεπαιδευμένοςdisciplinedVM · χμπνσμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ παιδεύω: meaning 'disciplined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀληθινῶςtrulyD · ἀληθινῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀληθινῶς: meaning 'truly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεδοκιμασμένοςapprovedVX · χμπνσμ δοκιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ δοκιμάζω: meaning 'approved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζῶντοςlivingV3 · παπγσμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
θυγάτηρ πατρὶ ἀπόκρυφος ἀγρυπνία καὶ ἡ μέριμνα αὐτῆς ἀφιστᾷ ὕπνον ἐν νεότητι αὐτῆς μήποτε παρακμάσῃ καὶ συνῳκηκυῖα μήποτε μισηθῇ
A daughter is a hidden wakefulness for a father, and anxiety over her keeps sleep away: in her youth lest she pass her prime, and once married lest she be hated;
The focus narrows to paternal anxiety, presenting a daughter as an unceasing source of sleepless concern.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
θυγάτηρdaughterN3 NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πατρὶfatherN3 DSM · πατήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπόκρυφοςhiddenA1B NSF · ἀπόκρυφοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπόκρυφος: meaning 'hidden'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγρυπνίαwakefulnessN1A NSF · ἀγρυπνίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγρυπνία: meaning 'wakefulness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέριμναanxious careN1A NSF · μέριμναnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέριμνα: meaning 'anxious care'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφιστᾷdrives awayV6 PAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'drives away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕπνονsleepN2 ASM · ὕπνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕπνος: meaning 'sleep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεότητιyouthN3T DSF · νεότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρακμάσῃpass her primeVA AAS3S · ἀκμάζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκμάζω + παρα: meaning 'pass her prime'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνῳκηκυῖαonce marriedVX · χαπνσφ οἱκέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσφ οἱκέω + συν: meaning 'once married'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μισηθῇbe hatedVC APS3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμισέω: meaning 'be hated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ἐν παρθενίᾳ μήποτε βεβηλωθῇ καὶ ἐν τοῖς πατρικοῖς αὐτῆς ἔγκυος γένηται μετὰ ἀνδρὸς οὖσα μήποτε παραβῇ καὶ συνῳκηκυῖα μήποτε στειρωθῇ
in virginity lest she be defiled and become pregnant in her father's house, and when she has a husband lest she transgress, and once married lest she be barren.
Each stage of a daughter's life carries its own feared social vulnerability.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παρθενίᾳvirginityN1A DSF · παρθενίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαρθενία: meaning 'virginity'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βεβηλωθῇbe profanedVC APS3S · βεβηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβεβηλόω: meaning 'be profaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρικοῖςher father's houseA1 DPM · πατρικόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπατρικός: meaning 'her father's house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔγκυοςpregnantA1B NSF · ἔγκυοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔγκυος: meaning 'pregnant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γένηταιbecome / happenVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὖσαbeingV9 · παπνσφ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραβῇtransgressVZ AAS3S · βαίνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβαίνω + παρα: meaning 'transgress'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνῳκηκυῖαonce marriedVX · χαπνσφ οἱκέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσφ οἱκέω + συν: meaning 'once married'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στειρωθῇbe barrenVC APS3S · στειρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστειρόω: meaning 'be barren'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
ἐπὶ θυγατρὶ ἀδιατρέπτῳ στερέωσον φυλακήν μήποτε ποιήσῃ σε ἐπίχαρμα ἐχθροῖς λαλιὰν ἐν πόλει καὶ ἔκκλητον λαοῦ καὶ καταισχύνῃ σε ἐν πλήθει πολλῶν
Over an unyielding daughter keep strict watch, lest she make you a laughingstock to enemies, talk in the city, an assembly's outcry, and disgrace you before the multitude.
An unyielding daughter is imagined as generating public shame and communal ridicule.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυγατρὶthygatriN3 DSF · θυγάτηρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'thygatri'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀδιατρέπτῳunyieldingA1B DSF · ἀδιάτρεπτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδιάτρεπτος: meaning 'unyielding'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στερέωσονkeep strictVA AAD2S · στερεόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστερεόω: meaning 'keep strict'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυλακήνprisonN1 ASF · φυλακήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυλακή: meaning 'prison'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσῃdoVA AAS3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπίχαρμαlaughingstockN3T ASF · ἐπίχαρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπίχαρμα: meaning 'laughingstock'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐχθροῖςἐχθρόςA1A DPM · ἐχθρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λαλιὰνspeechN1A ASF · λαλιάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαλιά: meaning 'speech'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκκλητονoutcryA1B ASF · ἔκκλητοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔκκλητος: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταισχύνῃdisgraceV1 PAS3S · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'disgrace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλήθειmultitudeN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
παντὶ ἀνθρώπῳ μὴ ἔμβλεπε ἐν κάλλει καὶ ἐν μέσῳ γυναικῶν μὴ συνέδρευε
Do not look at every person's beauty, and do not sit in the midst of women;
Sirach widens the warning into visual and social caution around beauty and female company.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμβλεπεlookV1 PAD2S · βλέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + ἐν: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κάλλειbeautyN3E DSN · κάλλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γυναικῶνwomanN3K GPF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέδρευεsit amongV1 PAD2S · ἑδρεύω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἑδρεύω + συν: meaning 'sit among'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
ἀπὸ γὰρ ἱματίων ἐκπορεύεται σὴς καὶ ἀπὸ γυναικὸς πονηρία γυναικός
for from garments comes a moth, and from a woman the wickedness of a woman.
The comparison to moth-eaten garments turns female-associated danger into a vivid image of hidden corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱματίωνgarmentsN2N GPN · ἱμάτιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκπορεύεται+ εκV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning '+ εκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὴςsosA1 GSF · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'sos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πονηρίαponeriaN1A NSF · πονηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρία: meaning 'poneria'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυναικόςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
κρείσσων πονηρία ἀνδρὸς ἢ ἀγαθοποιὸς γυνή καὶ γυνὴ καταισχύνουσα εἰς ὀνειδισμόν
Better is a man's wickedness than a woman doing good and yet bringing shame to reproach.
The saying reflects Sirach's patriarchal suspicion, sharpening the warning through provocation and reproach.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSF · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πονηρίαponeriaN1A NSF · πονηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρία: meaning 'poneria'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθοποιὸςdoing goodA1B NSF · ἀγαθοποιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθοποιός: meaning 'doing good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυνήwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καταισχύνουσαbringing shameV1 · παπνσφ αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ αἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'bringing shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀνειδισμόνreproachN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
μνησθήσομαι δὴ τὰ ἔργα κυρίου καὶ ἃ ἑόρακα ἐκδιηγήσομαι ἐν λόγοις κυρίου τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
Now I will remember the works of the Lord, and what I have seen I will recount: by the words of the Lord are his works.
A decisive turn occurs here: the discourse leaves household caution and enters explicit praise of the Lord's works.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μνησθήσομαιμιμνήσκωVS FPI1S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἑόρακαI have seenVX XAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'I have seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκδιηγήσομαιἡγέομαι from διαVF FMI1S · ἡγέομαι + ἐκ + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἡγέομαι + ἐκ + δια: meaning 'ἡγέομαι from δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
ἥλιος φωτίζων κατὰ πᾶν ἐπέβλεψεν καὶ τῆς δόξης κυρίου πλῆρες τὸ ἔργον αὐτοῦ
The sun giving light looks upon all things, and the work of the Lord is full of his glory.
The sun becomes the opening witness to a creation saturated with divine glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φωτίζωνgiving lightV1 · παπνσμ φωτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ φωτίζω: meaning 'giving light'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπέβλεψενlooked uponVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'looked upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλῆρεςpleresA3H NSN · πλήρηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλήρης: meaning 'pleres'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργονmatterN2N NSN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'matter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
οὐκ ἐξεποίησεν τοῖς ἁγίοις κυρίου ἐκδιηγήσασθαι πάντα τὰ θαυμάσια αὐτοῦ ἃ ἐστερέωσεν κύριος ὁ παντοκράτωρ στηριχθῆναι ἐν δόξῃ αὐτοῦ τὸ πᾶν
The holy ones of the Lord were not empowered to recount all his wonders, which the Lord Almighty established so that the whole might stand firm in his glory.
Even holy beings cannot exhaustively narrate the divine wonders that sustain the whole cosmos.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεποίησενempoweredVAI AAI3S · ποιέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω + ἐκ: meaning 'empowered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίοιςholyA1A DPM · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκδιηγήσασθαιto recount fullyVA AMN · ἡγέομαι + ἐκ + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἡγέομαι + ἐκ + δια: meaning 'to recount fully'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμάσιαθαυμάσιοςA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'θαυμάσιος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστερέωσενpressedVAI AAI3S · στερεόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστερεόω: meaning 'pressed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στηριχθῆναιto stand firmVC APN · στηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementστηρίζω: meaning 'to stand firm'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δόξῃgloryN1S DSF · δόξαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
ἄβυσσον καὶ καρδίαν ἐξίχνευσεν καὶ ἐν πανουργεύμασιν αὐτῶν διενοήθη ἔγνω γὰρ ὁ ὕψιστος πᾶσαν εἴδησιν καὶ ἐνέβλεψεν εἰς σημεῖον αἰῶνος
He searched out abyss and heart, and he considered their subtleties; for the Most High knew every kind of knowledge and looked into the sign of the age.
The Most High's knowledge reaches both cosmic depths and inner human complexity.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἄβυσσονdeepN2 ASF · ἄβυσσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄβυσσος: meaning 'deep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξίχνευσενsearched outVA AAI3S · ἰχνεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἰχνεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'searched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πανουργεύμασινsubtletiesN3M DPN · πανούργευμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπανούργευμα: meaning 'subtleties'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διενοήθηconsideredVCI API3S · νοέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνοέομαι + δια: meaning 'considered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψιστοςMost HighA1 NSM · ὕψιστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἴδησινknowledgeN3I ASF · εἴδησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἴδησις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέβλεψενlooked towardVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + ἐν: meaning 'looked toward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σημεῖονsignN2 ASN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'sign'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
19
ἀπαγγέλλων τὰ παρεληλυθότα καὶ τὰ ἐσόμενα καὶ ἀποκαλύπτων ἴχνη ἀποκρύφων
He declares the things that have passed and the things that are to come, and reveals the traces of hidden things.
His omniscience includes past, future, and the hidden traces ordinary sight misses.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπαγγέλλωνreportingV1 · παπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'reporting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεληλυθόταthings that have passedVX · χαπαπν ἔρχομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπαπν ἔρχομαι + παρα: meaning 'things that have passed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσόμεναthings that shall beVF · φμπαπν εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφμπαπν εἰμί: meaning 'things that shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκαλύπτωνrevealingV1 · παπνσμ καλύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ καλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'revealing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἴχνηfootprintsN3E APN · ἴχνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἴχνος: meaning 'footprints'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποκρύφωνhidden thingsA1B GPN · ἀπόκρυφοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀπόκρυφος: meaning 'hidden things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
οὐ παρῆλθεν αὐτὸν πᾶν διανόημα οὐκ ἐκρύβη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ εἷς λόγος
No thought escaped him, and not one word was hidden from him.
No thought or word escapes divine knowing.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρῆλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + παρα: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διανόημαthoughtN3M NSN · διανόημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιανόημα: meaning 'thought'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκρύβηwas hiddenVDI API3S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρύπτω: meaning 'was hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἷςoneM · εἷςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεἷς: meaning 'one'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
21
τὰ μεγαλεῖα τῆς σοφίας αὐτοῦ ἐκόσμησεν ὡς ἔστιν πρὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα οὔτε προσετέθη οὔτε ἠλαττώθη καὶ οὐ προσεδεήθη οὐδενὸς συμβούλου
He has arranged the great works of his wisdom, as he is from eternity to eternity; nothing was added and nothing diminished, and he had no need of any counselor.
Creation's order is eternal, perfectly proportioned, and in need of no external adviser.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγαλεῖαmighty deedsA1A APN · μεγαλεῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμεγαλεῖος: meaning 'mighty deeds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκόσμησενkosmeoVAI AAI3S · κοσμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοσμέω: meaning 'kosmeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσετέθηwas gatheredVCI API3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι + προς: meaning 'was gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠλαττώθηwas diminishedVCI API3S · ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐλαττόω: meaning 'was diminished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεδεήθηhad needVCI API3S · δέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδέω + προς: meaning 'had need'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδενὸςoὐdeisA3 GSM · οὐδείςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'oὐdeis'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συμβούλουcounselorN2 GSM · σύμβουλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύμβουλος: meaning 'counselor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
22
ὡς πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἐπιθυμητὰ καὶ ὡς σπινθῆρός ἐστιν θεωρῆσαι
How desirable are all his works, and yet what can be seen is but a spark.
All the Lord's works are desirable, yet visible apprehension barely catches a spark of their fullness.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπιθυμητὰdesirableA1 NPN · ἐπιθυμητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμητός: meaning 'desirable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπινθῆρόςsparkN3R GSM · σπινθήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσπινθήρ: meaning 'spark'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεωρῆσαιto beholdVA AAN · θεωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementθεωρέω: meaning 'to behold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
πάντα ταῦτα ζῇ καὶ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἐν πάσαις χρείαις καὶ πάντα ὑπακούει
All these things live and remain forever for every need, and all obey.
Created things endure, serve needs, and obey the ordering word.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ζῇlivesV3 PAI3S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζάω: meaning 'lives'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μένειremainV1 PAI3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσαιςall / everyA1S DPF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χρείαιςneedN1A DPF · χρείαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπακούειlistens toV1 PAI3S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'listens to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
πάντα δισσά ἓν κατέναντι τοῦ ἑνός καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησεν οὐδὲν ἐλλεῖπον
All things are in pairs, one opposite the other, and he made nothing deficient.
Complementarity and paired opposition are presented as features of a complete creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δισσάdoubleA1 NPN · δισσόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδισσός: meaning 'double'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἓνoneA3 NSN · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countἓν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνόςhenosA3 GSN · εἷςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'henos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλλεῖπονdeficientV1 · παπασν λείπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασν λείπω: meaning 'deficient'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
ἓν τοῦ ἑνὸς ἐστερέωσεν τὰ ἀγαθά καὶ τίς πλησθήσεται ὁρῶν δόξαν αὐτοῦ
One confirms the good things of the other, and who will be filled with seeing his glory?
Ends in contemplative overflow: creation mutually confirms itself, yet divine glory remains inexhaustible.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἓνoneA3 NSN · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countἓν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὸςoneA3 GSN · εἷςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστερέωσενpressedVAI AAI3S · στερεόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστερεόω: meaning 'pressed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθάgoodA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλησθήσεταιwill be filledVS FPI3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι: meaning 'will be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁρῶνseeingV3 · παπνσμ ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὁράω: meaning 'seeing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.