1
μὴ διαμάχου μετὰ ἀνθρώπου δυνάστου μήποτε ἐμπέσῃς εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ
Do not contend with a powerful man, lest you fall into his hands.
The first saying frames wisdom as restraint before asymmetrical power.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
διαμάχουcontendV1 PMD2S · μάχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceδιαμάχου: verbal form rendered 'contend' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀνθρώπουa manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀνθρώπου: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
δυνάστουpowerfulN1M GSM · δυνάστηςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationδυνάστου: lexical item rendered 'powerful' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: connective or conjunction rendered 'lest perhaps' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐμπέσῃςyou fallVA AAS2S · πίπτω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐμπέσῃς: verbal form rendered 'you fall' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' and governing its phrase in this context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationχεῖρας: lexical item rendered 'hands' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
2
μὴ ἔριζε μετὰ ἀνθρώπου πλουσίου μήποτε ἀντιστήσῃ σου τὴν ὁλκήν πολλοὺς γὰρ ἀπώλεσεν τὸ χρυσίον καὶ καρδίας βασιλέων ἐξέκλινεν
Do not quarrel with a rich man, lest he weigh out your worth against you; for gold has destroyed many and has turned aside the hearts of kings.
Wealth bends outcomes, so the admonition is grounded in money's proven power to corrupt and overwhelm.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἔριζεquarrelV1 PAD2S · ἐρίζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔριζε: verbal form rendered 'quarrel' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀνθρώπουa manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀνθρώπου: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
πλουσίουrichA1A GSM · πλούσιοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπλουσίου: lexical item rendered 'rich' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: connective or conjunction rendered 'lest perhaps' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀντιστήσῃhe opposeVA AAS3S · ἵστημι + ἀντιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀντιστήσῃ: verbal form rendered 'he oppose' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ὁλκήνweightN1 ASF · ὁλκήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὁλκήν: lexical item rendered 'weight' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπολλοὺς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀπώλεσενhas destroyedVAI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀπώλεσεν: verbal form rendered 'has destroyed' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσίον: lexical item rendered 'gold' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
καρδίαςheartsN1A APF · καρδίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκαρδίας: lexical item rendered 'hearts' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
βασιλέωνof kingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationβασιλέων: lexical item rendered 'of kings' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐξέκλινενturned asideVAI AAI3S · κλίνω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐξέκλινεν: verbal form rendered 'turned aside' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
3
μὴ διαμάχου μετὰ ἀνθρώπου γλωσσώδους καὶ μὴ ἐπιστοιβάσῃς ἐπὶ τὸ πῦρ αὐτοῦ ξύλα
Do not contend with a talkative man, and do not heap wood upon his fire.
The metaphor pictures argumentative speech as a blaze that grows when fed.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
διαμάχουcontendV1 PMD2S · μάχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceδιαμάχου: verbal form rendered 'contend' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀνθρώπουa manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀνθρώπου: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
γλωσσώδουςtalkativeA3H GSM · γλωσσώδηςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationγλωσσώδους: lexical item rendered 'talkative' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐπιστοιβάσῃςheap upVA AAS2S · στοιβάζω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐπιστοιβάσῃς: verbal form rendered 'heap up' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: lexical item rendered 'fire' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
ξύλαwoodN2N APN · ξύλονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationξύλα: lexical item rendered 'wood' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
4
μὴ πρόσπαιζε ἀπαιδεύτῳ ἵνα μὴ ἀτιμάζωνται οἱ πρόγονοί σου
Do not joke with an undisciplined man, lest your ancestors be dishonored.
Familiarity with the shameless can recoil on one's inherited honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
πρόσπαιζεjoke withV1 PAD2S · παίζω + προςverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceπρόσπαιζε: verbal form rendered 'joke with' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀπαιδεύτῳundisciplined manA1B DSM · ἀπαίδευτοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀπαιδεύτῳ: lexical item rendered 'undisciplined man' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναsubordinating conjunction marking purpose or prevention→ discourse linkageἵνα: connective or conjunction rendered 'so that' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀτιμάζωνταιmay be dishonoredV1 PMS3P · ἀτιμάζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀτιμάζωνται: verbal form rendered 'may be dishonored' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πρόγονοίancestorsN2 NPM · πρόγονοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόγονοί: lexical item rendered 'ancestors' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
5
μὴ ὀνείδιζε ἄνθρωπον ἀποστρέφοντα ἀπὸ ἁμαρτίας μνήσθητι ὅτι πάντες ἐσμὲν ἐν ἐπιτίμοις
Do not reproach a person who is turning back from sin; remember that we all deserve punishment.
Compassion toward the penitent rests on shared accountability before judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὀνείδιζεreproachV1 PAD2S · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceὀνείδιζε: verbal form rendered 'reproach' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἄνθρωπονa personN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπον: lexical item rendered 'a person' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀποστρέφονταturning awayV1 · παπασμ στρέφω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀποστρέφοντα: verbal form rendered 'turning away' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἁμαρτίας: lexical item rendered 'sin' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextμνήσθητι: verbal form rendered 'remember' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageὅτι: connective or conjunction rendered 'that' in this chapter's argument flow.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπάντες: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐσμὲνwe areV9 PAI1P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐσμὲν: verbal form rendered 'we are' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐνunderP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'under' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἐπιτίμοιςpenaltiesA1B DPN · ἐπίτιμοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἐπιτίμοις: lexical item rendered 'penalties' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
6
μὴ ἀτιμάσῃς ἄνθρωπον ἐν γήρᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ γὰρ ἐξ ἡμῶν γηράσκουσιν
Do not dishonor a man in his old age, for some of us too are growing old.
Respect for age is reinforced by the hearer's own movement toward the same condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀτιμάσῃςdishonorVA AAS2S · ἀτιμάζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀτιμάσῃς: verbal form rendered 'dishonor' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἄνθρωπονa personN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπον: lexical item rendered 'a person' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐνunderP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'under' and governing its phrase in this context.
γήρᾳold ageN3 DSN · γῆραςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceγήρᾳ: lexical item rendered 'old age' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἡμῶνusRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationἡμῶν: pronominal form rendered 'us' with reference set by the immediate context.
γηράσκουσινgrow oldV1 PAI3P · γηράσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceγηράσκουσιν: verbal form rendered 'grow old' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
7
μὴ ἐπίχαιρε ἐπὶ νεκρῷ μνήσθητι ὅτι πάντες τελευτῶμεν
Do not gloat over one who has died; remember that we all come to the end.
Death levels human pride and forbids triumph over another's fall.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐπίχαιρεgloatV1 PAD2S · χαίρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐπίχαιρε: verbal form rendered 'gloat' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
νεκρῷthe deadN2 DSM · νεκρόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceνεκρῷ: lexical item rendered 'the dead' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextμνήσθητι: verbal form rendered 'remember' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageὅτι: connective or conjunction rendered 'that' in this chapter's argument flow.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπάντες: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
τελευτῶμενcome to the endV3 PAI1P · τελευτάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceτελευτῶμεν: verbal form rendered 'come to the end' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
8
μὴ παρίδῃς διήγημα σοφῶν καὶ ἐν ταῖς παροιμίαις αὐτῶν ἀναστρέφου ὅτι παρ' αὐτῶν μαθήσῃ παιδείαν καὶ λειτουργῆσαι μεγιστᾶσιν
Do not disregard the discourse of the wise, and move about among their proverbs; for from them you will learn discipline and how to serve the great.
Wise sayings are presented as a school for both character and public conduct.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
παρίδῃςdisregardVB AAS2S · ὁράω + παραfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπαρίδῃς: verbal form rendered 'disregard' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
διήγημαdiscourseN3M ASN · διήγημαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδιήγημα: lexical item rendered 'discourse' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σοφῶνof the wiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσοφῶν: lexical item rendered 'of the wise' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνunderP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'under' and governing its phrase in this context.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
παροιμίαιςproverbsN1A DPF · παροιμίαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπαροιμίαις: lexical item rendered 'proverbs' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: pronominal form rendered 'them' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀναστρέφουmove aboutV1 PMD2S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀναστρέφου: verbal form rendered 'move about' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageὅτι: connective or conjunction rendered 'that' in this chapter's argument flow.
παρ'fromP · παράpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: pronominal form rendered 'them' with reference set by the immediate context.
μαθήσῃyou will learnVF FMI2S · μανθάνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultμαθήσῃ: verbal form rendered 'you will learn' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
παιδείανdisciplineN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπαιδείαν: lexical item rendered 'discipline' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
λειτουργῆσαιto serveVA AAN · λειτουργέωinfinitival form functioning as a verbal complement within the clause→ infinitival force expressed within the clauseλειτουργῆσαι: verbal form rendered 'to serve' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μεγιστᾶσινgreat menN3 DPM · μεγιστάνdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμεγιστᾶσιν: lexical item rendered 'great men' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
9
μὴ ἀστόχει διηγήματος γερόντων καὶ γὰρ αὐτοὶ ἔμαθον παρὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν ὅτι παρ' αὐτῶν μαθήσῃ σύνεσιν καὶ ἐν καιρῷ χρείας δοῦναι ἀπόκρισιν
Do not miss the discourse of the elders, for they themselves learned from their fathers; from them you will learn understanding and how to give an answer in time of need.
Tradition is commended as a living chain of learned judgment and timely response.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀστόχειmissV2 PAD2S · ἀστοχέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀστόχει: verbal form rendered 'miss' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
διηγήματοςdiscourseN3M GSN · διήγημαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationδιηγήματος: lexical item rendered 'discourse' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
γερόντωνeldersN3 GPM · γέρωνgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationγερόντων: lexical item rendered 'elders' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
αὐτοὶthey themselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceαὐτοὶ: pronominal form rendered 'they themselves' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἔμαθονlearnedVBI AAI3P · μανθάνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἔμαθον: verbal form rendered 'learned' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article rendered '' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπατέρων: lexical item rendered 'fathers' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: pronominal form rendered 'them' with reference set by the immediate context.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageὅτι: connective or conjunction rendered 'that' in this chapter's argument flow.
παρ'fromP · παράpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: pronominal form rendered 'them' with reference set by the immediate context.
μαθήσῃyou will learnVF FMI2S · μανθάνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultμαθήσῃ: verbal form rendered 'you will learn' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσύνεσιν: lexical item rendered 'understanding' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνunderP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'under' and governing its phrase in this context.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceκαιρῷ: lexical item rendered 'time' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
χρείαςof needN1A GSF · χρείαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationχρείας: lexical item rendered 'of need' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
δοῦναιto giveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitival form functioning as a verbal complement within the clause→ infinitival force expressed within the clauseδοῦναι: verbal form rendered 'to give' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀπόκρισινan answerN3I ASF · ἀπόκρισιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀπόκρισιν: lexical item rendered 'an answer' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
10
μὴ ἔκκαιε ἄνθρακας ἁμαρτωλοῦ μὴ ἐμπυρισθῇς ἐν πυρὶ φλογὸς αὐτοῦ
Do not kindle the coals of a sinner, lest you be burned in the fire of his flame.
The sinner's destructive energy is pictured as a fire that spreads to those who stir it.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἔκκαιεkindleV1 PAD2S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔκκαιε: verbal form rendered 'kindle' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἄνθρακαςcoalsN3K APM · ἄνθραξaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρακας: lexical item rendered 'coals' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἁμαρτωλοῦof a sinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλοῦ: lexical item rendered 'of a sinner' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐμπυρισθῇςyou be burnedVS APS2S · πυρίζω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐμπυρισθῇς: verbal form rendered 'you be burned' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐνunderP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'under' and governing its phrase in this context.
πυρὶin fireN3 DSN · πῦρdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπυρὶ: lexical item rendered 'in fire' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
φλογὸςof flameN3G GSF · φλόξgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationφλογὸς: lexical item rendered 'of flame' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
11
μὴ ἐξαναστῇς ἀπὸ προσώπου ὑβριστοῦ ἵνα μὴ ἐγκαθίσῃ ὡς ἔνεδρον τῷ στόματί σου
Do not rise and leave in the presence of an insolent man, lest he sit in ambush against your mouth.
Abrupt reaction can hand the abusive man an opening for verbal attack.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐξαναστῇςrise upVH AAS2S · ἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀναfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐξαναστῇς: verbal form rendered 'rise up' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπροσώπου: lexical item rendered 'face' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὑβριστοῦinsolent manA1 GSN · ὑβριστόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationὑβριστοῦ: lexical item rendered 'insolent man' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναsubordinating conjunction marking purpose or prevention→ discourse linkageἵνα: connective or conjunction rendered 'so that' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐγκαθίσῃhe sitVF FMI2S · ἵζω + ἐν + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐγκαθίσῃ: verbal form rendered 'he sit' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὡςasC · ὡςadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἔνεδρονan ambushN2N ASN · ἔνεδρονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἔνεδρον: lexical item rendered 'an ambush' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
τῷagainst yourRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article rendered 'against your' and marking the noun phrase in context.
στόματίmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceστόματί: lexical item rendered 'mouth' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
12
μὴ δανείσῃς ἀνθρώπῳ ἰσχυροτέρῳ σου καὶ ἐὰν δανείσῃς ὡς ἀπολωλεκὼς γίνου
Do not lend to one stronger than you; and if you do lend, count it as lost.
A stronger debtor can make recovery impossible, so wisdom reckons the risk plainly.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
δανείσῃςlendVA AAS2S · δανείζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeδανείσῃς: verbal form rendered 'lend' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀνθρώπῳto a manN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀνθρώπῳ: lexical item rendered 'to a man' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἰσχυροτέρῳstrongerA1A DSMC · ἰσχυρόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἰσχυροτέρῳ: lexical item rendered 'stronger' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconditional particle introducing a contingent clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: connective or conjunction rendered 'if' in this chapter's argument flow.
δανείσῃςlendVA AAS2S · δανείζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeδανείσῃς: verbal form rendered 'lend' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὡςasC · ὡςadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀπολωλεκὼςhaving lost itVX · χαπνσμ ὀλλύω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀπολωλεκὼς: verbal form rendered 'having lost it' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
γίνουbeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceγίνου: verbal form rendered 'be' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
13
μὴ ἐγγυήσῃ ὑπὲρ δύναμίν σου καὶ ἐὰν ἐγγυήσῃ ὡς ἀποτείσων φρόντιζε
Do not give surety beyond your means; and if you do give surety, take thought as one who must pay.
The saying acknowledges that reckless guarantee binds the guarantor to the debt.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐγγυήσῃgive suretyVA AAS2S · ἐγγυάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐγγυήσῃ: verbal form rendered 'give surety' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὑπὲρbeyondP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: preposition rendered 'beyond' and governing its phrase in this context.
δύναμίνyour meansN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδύναμίν: lexical item rendered 'your means' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconditional particle introducing a contingent clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: connective or conjunction rendered 'if' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐγγυήσῃgive suretyVA AAS2S · ἐγγυάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐγγυήσῃ: verbal form rendered 'give surety' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὡςasC · ὡςadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀποτείσωνabout to payVF · φαπνσμ τίνω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀποτείσων: verbal form rendered 'about to pay' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
φρόντιζεtake thoughtV1 PAD2S · φροντίζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceφρόντιζε: verbal form rendered 'take thought' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
14
μὴ δικάζου μετὰ κριτοῦ κατὰ γὰρ τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ κρινοῦσιν αὐτῷ
Do not litigate with a judge, for they will judge for him according to his standing.
Institutional prestige can predetermine the verdict before argument begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
δικάζουlitigateV1 PMD2S · δικάζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceδικάζου: verbal form rendered 'litigate' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
κριτοῦwith a judgeN1M GSM · κριτήςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκριτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'with a judge' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: preposition rendered 'according to' and governing its phrase in this context.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
δόξανstandingN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδόξαν: lexical item rendered 'standing' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
κρινοῦσινthey will judgeVF2 FAI3P · κρίνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκρινοῦσιν: verbal form rendered 'they will judge' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτῷfor himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered 'for him' with reference set by the immediate context.
15
μετὰ τολμηροῦ μὴ πορεύου ἐν ὁδῷ ἵνα μὴ βαρύνηται κατὰ σοῦ αὐτὸς γὰρ κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ ποιήσει καὶ τῇ ἀφροσύνῃ αὐτοῦ συναπολῇ
Do not travel on the road with a reckless man, lest he weigh heavily against you; for he will act according to his own will, and by his folly you will perish with him.
Companionship with the reckless exposes the innocent to consequences they did not choose.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
τολμηροῦreckless manA1A GSM · τολμηρόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationτολμηροῦ: lexical item rendered 'reckless man' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
πορεύουtravelV1 PMD2S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceπορεύου: verbal form rendered 'travel' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐνunderP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'under' and governing its phrase in this context.
ὁδῷon the roadN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceὁδῷ: lexical item rendered 'on the road' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναsubordinating conjunction marking purpose or prevention→ discourse linkageἵνα: connective or conjunction rendered 'so that' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
βαρύνηταιhe weigh heavilyV1 PMS3S · βαρύνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextβαρύνηται: verbal form rendered 'he weigh heavily' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: preposition rendered 'according to' and governing its phrase in this context.
σοῦagainst youRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'against you' with reference set by the immediate context.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceαὐτὸς: pronominal form rendered 'he himself' with reference set by the immediate context.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: preposition rendered 'according to' and governing its phrase in this context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
θέλημαwillN3M ASN · θέλημαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationθέλημα: lexical item rendered 'will' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
ποιήσειwill doVF FAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultποιήσει: verbal form rendered 'will do' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
τῇby theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article rendered 'by the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἀφροσύνῃfollyN1 DSF · ἀφροσύνηdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀφροσύνῃ: lexical item rendered 'folly' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
συναπολῇyou will perish withVF FMI2S · ὄλλυμι + συν + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultσυναπολῇ: verbal form rendered 'you will perish with' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
16
μετὰ θυμώδους μὴ ποιήσῃς μάχην καὶ μὴ διαπορεύου μετ' αὐτοῦ τὴν ἔρημον ὅτι ὡς οὐδὲν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ αἷμα καὶ ὅπου οὐκ ἔστιν βοήθεια καταβαλεῖ σε
Do not make a fight with an angry man, and do not cross the wilderness with him; for blood is as nothing in his eyes, and where there is no help he will strike you down.
The hot-tempered become most dangerous where isolation removes every restraint.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
θυμώδουςangry manA3H GSM · θυμώδηςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationθυμώδους: lexical item rendered 'angry man' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ποιήσῃςmakeVA AAS2S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeποιήσῃς: verbal form rendered 'make' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μάχηνa fightN1 ASF · μάχηaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationμάχην: lexical item rendered 'a fight' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
διαπορεύουcrossV1 PMD2S · πορεύομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceδιαπορεύου: verbal form rendered 'cross' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἔρημονthe wildernessN2 ASF · ἐρῆμοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἔρημον: lexical item rendered 'the wilderness' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageὅτι: connective or conjunction rendered 'that' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὡςasC · ὡςadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδὲν: lexical item rendered 'nothing' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἐνunderP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'under' and governing its phrase in this context.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμοῖς: lexical item rendered 'eyes' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: lexical item rendered 'blood' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὅπουwhereX · ὅπουadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπου: lexical item rendered 'where' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστιν: verbal form rendered 'there is' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
βοήθειαhelpN1A NSF · βοήθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοήθεια: lexical item rendered 'help' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καταβαλεῖhe will strike downVF2 FAI3S · βάλλω + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκαταβαλεῖ: verbal form rendered 'he will strike down' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσε: pronominal form rendered 'you' with reference set by the immediate context.
17
μετὰ μωροῦ μὴ συμβουλεύου οὐ γὰρ δυνήσεται λόγον στέξαι
Do not consult with a fool, for he will not be able to keep a matter standing.
The fool lacks the steadiness needed to bear counsel or preserve deliberation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
μωροῦa foolA1A GSM · μωρόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationμωροῦ: lexical item rendered 'a fool' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
συμβουλεύουtake counselV1 PMD2S · βουλεύω + συνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceσυμβουλεύου: verbal form rendered 'take counsel' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: lexical item rendered '' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
δυνήσεταιhe will be ableVF FMI3S · δύναμαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultδυνήσεται: verbal form rendered 'he will be able' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
λόγονa matterN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationλόγον: lexical item rendered 'a matter' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
στέξαιto keep standingVA AAN · στέγωinfinitival form functioning as a verbal complement within the clause→ infinitival force expressed within the clauseστέξαι: verbal form rendered 'to keep standing' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
18
ἐνώπιον ἀλλοτρίου μὴ ποιήσῃς κρυπτόν οὐ γὰρ γινώσκεις τί τέξεται
Before a stranger do not do anything secret, for you do not know what he will bring forth.
Hidden actions entrusted to the unknown can produce unforeseen consequences.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: preposition rendered 'before' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀλλοτρίουa strangerA1A GSM · ἀλλότριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀλλοτρίου: lexical item rendered 'a stranger' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ποιήσῃςmakeVA AAS2S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeποιήσῃς: verbal form rendered 'make' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
κρυπτόνanything secretA1 ASM · κρυπτόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκρυπτόν: lexical item rendered 'anything secret' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: lexical item rendered '' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
γινώσκειςyou knowV1 PAI2S · γιγνώσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceγινώσκεις: verbal form rendered 'you know' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceτί: pronominal form rendered 'what' with reference set by the immediate context.
τέξεταιhe will bring forthVF FMI3S · τίκτωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultτέξεται: verbal form rendered 'he will bring forth' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
19
παντὶ ἀνθρώπῳ μὴ ἔκφαινε σὴν καρδίαν καὶ μὴ ἀναφερέτω σοι χάριν
Do not reveal your heart to every person, and do not let him return a favor to you.
The closing maxim guards inward disclosure, warning against debts created by misplaced intimacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
παντὶto everyA3 DSM · πᾶςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπαντὶ: lexical item rendered 'to every' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀνθρώπῳto a manN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀνθρώπῳ: lexical item rendered 'to a man' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἔκφαινεrevealV1 PAD2S · φαίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔκφαινε: verbal form rendered 'reveal' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σὴνyourA1 ASF · σόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσὴν: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκαρδίαν: lexical item rendered 'heart' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
ἀναφερέτωlet him bring backV1 PAD3S · φέρω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀναφερέτω: verbal form rendered 'let him bring back' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestσοι: pronominal form rendered 'to you' with reference set by the immediate context.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationχάριν: lexical item rendered 'favor' in this chapter's sequence of prudential warnings.