1
μὴ ζήλου γυναῖκα τοῦ κόλπου σου μηδὲ διδάξῃς ἐπὶ σεαυτὸν παιδείαν πονηράν
Do not be jealous of the wife of your bosom, and do not teach her an evil lesson against yourself.
The unit opens by guarding marriage from corrosive jealousy and self-defeating provocation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ζήλουbe jealous ofV4 PAD2S · ζηλόωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceζήλου: verbal form rendered 'be jealous of' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationγυναῖκα: lexical item rendered 'wife' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article rendered 'of the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κόλπουbosomN2 GSM · κόλποςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκόλπου: lexical item rendered 'bosom' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
μηδὲand do notC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageμηδὲ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and do not' in this chapter's argument flow.
διδάξῃςteachVA AAS2S · διδάσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeδιδάξῃς: verbal form rendered 'teach' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'against' and governing its phrase in this context.
σεαυτὸνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσεαυτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'yourself' with reference set by the immediate context.
παιδείανa lessonN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπαιδείαν: lexical item rendered 'a lesson' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
πονηράνevilA1A ASF · πονηρόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπονηράν: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
2
μὴ δῷς γυναικὶ τὴν ψυχήν σου ἐπιβῆναι αὐτὴν ἐπὶ τὴν ἰσχύν σου
Do not give your soul to a woman, so that she should step upon your strength.
Desire must not become surrender of one's inner life and moral stability.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeδῷς: verbal form rendered 'give' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
γυναικὶto a womanN3K DSF · γυνήdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceγυναικὶ: lexical item rendered 'to a woman' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationψυχήν: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐπιβῆναιto step uponVB AAN · βαίνω + ἐπιinfinitival form functioning as a verbal complement within the clause→ infinitival force expressed within the clauseἐπιβῆναι: verbal form rendered 'to step upon' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'against' and governing its phrase in this context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἰσχύνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύν: lexical item rendered 'strength' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
3
μὴ ὑπάντα γυναικὶ ἑταιριζομένῃ μήποτε ἐμπέσῃς εἰς τὰς παγίδας αὐτῆς
Do not meet with a woman who behaves like a prostitute, lest you fall into her snares.
The danger lies not only in the act but in the trap that precedes it.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὑπάνταmeet withV3 PAD2S · ἀντάω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceὑπάντα: verbal form rendered 'meet with' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
γυναικὶto a womanN3K DSF · γυνήdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceγυναικὶ: lexical item rendered 'to a woman' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἑταιριζομένῃa courtesanV1 · πμπδσφ ἑταιρίζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἑταιριζομένῃ: verbal form rendered 'a courtesan' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: connective or conjunction rendered 'lest perhaps' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐμπέσῃςyou fallVA AAS2S · πίπτω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐμπέσῃς: verbal form rendered 'you fall' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' and governing its phrase in this context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
παγίδαςsnaresN3D APF · παγίςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπαγίδας: lexical item rendered 'snares' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
4
μετὰ ψαλλούσης μὴ ἐνδελέχιζε μήποτε ἁλῷς ἐν τοῖς ἐπιχειρήμασιν αὐτῆς
Do not linger with a singing woman, lest you be caught by her devices.
Charm and performance are treated as instruments that can capture the inattentive hearer.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
ψαλλούσηςa singing womanV1 · παπγσφ ψάλλωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextψαλλούσης: verbal form rendered 'a singing woman' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐνδελέχιζεlingerV1 PAD2S · ἐνδελεχίζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐνδελέχιζε: verbal form rendered 'linger' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: connective or conjunction rendered 'lest perhaps' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἁλῷςyou be caughtVZ AAS2S · ἁλίσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἁλῷς: verbal form rendered 'you be caught' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἐπιχειρήμασινdevicesN3M DPN · ἐπιχείρημαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἐπιχειρήμασιν: lexical item rendered 'devices' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
5
παρθένον μὴ καταμάνθανε μήποτε σκανδαλισθῇς ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτιμίοις αὐτῆς
Do not stare at a virgin, lest you stumble into the penalties connected with her.
Undisciplined looking is pictured as the first step toward culpable entanglement.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
παρθένονa virginN2 ASF · παρθένοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπαρθένον: lexical item rendered 'a virgin' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καταμάνθανεgaze atV1 PAD2S · μανθάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceκαταμάνθανε: verbal form rendered 'gaze at' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: connective or conjunction rendered 'lest perhaps' in this chapter's argument flow.
σκανδαλισθῇςyou stumbleVS APS2S · σκανδαλίζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextσκανδαλισθῇς: verbal form rendered 'you stumble' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἐπιτιμίοιςpenaltiesN2N DPN · ἐπιτίμιονdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἐπιτιμίοις: lexical item rendered 'penalties' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
6
μὴ δῷς πόρναις τὴν ψυχήν σου ἵνα μὴ ἀπολέσῃς τὴν κληρονομίαν σου
Do not give your soul to prostitutes, lest you destroy your inheritance.
Sexual folly threatens not only purity but the concrete goods one is meant to preserve.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeδῷς: verbal form rendered 'give' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
πόρναιςto prostitutesN1 DPF · πόρνηdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπόρναις: lexical item rendered 'to prostitutes' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationψυχήν: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναsubordinating conjunction marking purpose or prevention→ discourse linkageἵνα: connective or conjunction rendered 'so that' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἀπολέσῃςyou destroyVA AAS2S · ὀλλύω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀπολέσῃς: verbal form rendered 'you destroy' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κληρονομίανinheritanceN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκληρονομίαν: lexical item rendered 'inheritance' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
7
μὴ περιβλέπου ἐν ῥύμαις πόλεως καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἐρήμοις αὐτῆς μὴ πλανῶ
Do not look around in the streets of a city, and do not wander in its deserted places.
The warning targets idle roaming that places desire in the path of temptation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
περιβλέπουlook aroundV1 PMD2S · βλέπω + περιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceπεριβλέπου: verbal form rendered 'look around' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
ῥύμαιςstreetsN1 DPF · ῥύμηdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceῥύμαις: lexical item rendered 'streets' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
πόλεωςof a cityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπόλεως: lexical item rendered 'of a city' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἐρήμοιςdeserted placesN2 DPF · ἐρῆμοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἐρήμοις: lexical item rendered 'deserted places' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
πλανῶwanderV3 PMD2S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceπλανῶ: verbal form rendered 'wander' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
8
ἀπόστρεψον ὀφθαλμὸν ἀπὸ γυναικὸς εὐμόρφου καὶ μὴ καταμάνθανε κάλλος ἀλλότριον ἐν κάλλει γυναικὸς πολλοὶ ἐπλανήθησαν καὶ ἐκ τούτου φιλία ὡς πῦρ ἀνακαίεται
Turn your eye away from a beautiful woman, and do not gaze at another's beauty; by a woman's beauty many have been led astray, and from it passion blazes up like fire.
Sight, desire, and inflamed attachment are linked in a chain that wisdom interrupts at the beginning.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀπόστρεψονturn awayVA AAD2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀπόστρεψον: verbal form rendered 'turn away' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὀφθαλμὸνeyeN2 ASM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμὸν: lexical item rendered 'eye' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
γυναικὸςa womanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationγυναικὸς: lexical item rendered 'a woman' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
εὐμόρφουbeautifulA1B GSF · εὔμορφοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationεὐμόρφου: lexical item rendered 'beautiful' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καταμάνθανεgaze atV1 PAD2S · μανθάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceκαταμάνθανε: verbal form rendered 'gaze at' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E ASN · κάλλοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκάλλος: lexical item rendered 'beauty' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἀλλότριονanother'sA1A ASN · ἀλλότριοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀλλότριον: lexical item rendered 'another's' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
κάλλειby beautyN3E DSN · κάλλοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceκάλλει: lexical item rendered 'by beauty' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
γυναικὸςa womanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationγυναικὸς: lexical item rendered 'a woman' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολλοὶ: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐπλανήθησανwere led astrayVCI API3P · πλανάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐπλανήθησαν: verbal form rendered 'were led astray' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
τούτουthisRD GSN · οὗτοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationτούτου: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
φιλίαpassionN1A NSF · φιλίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφιλία: lexical item rendered 'passion' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: lexical item rendered 'like' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: lexical item rendered 'fire' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἀνακαίεταιblazes upV1 PMI3S · καίω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀνακαίεται: verbal form rendered 'blazes up' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
9
μετὰ ὑπάνδρου γυναικὸς μὴ κάθου τὸ σύνολον καὶ μὴ συμβολοκοπήσῃς μετ' αὐτῆς ἐν οἴνῳ μήποτε ἐκκλίνῃ ἡ ψυχή σου ἐπ' αὐτὴν καὶ τῷ πνεύματί σου ὀλίσθῃς εἰς ἀπώλειαν
Do not sit at all with another man's wife, and do not recline with her over wine, lest your soul incline toward her and in your spirit you slip into destruction.
Familiar social setting and intoxication are named as the avenue by which desire collapses into ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
ὑπάνδρουanother man'sA1B GSF · ὕπανδροςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationὑπάνδρου: lexical item rendered 'another man's' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
γυναικὸςa womanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationγυναικὸς: lexical item rendered 'a woman' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
κάθουsitV1 PMD2S · ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceκάθου: verbal form rendered 'sit' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
σύνολονat allA1B ASN · σύνολοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσύνολον: lexical item rendered 'at all' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
συμβολοκοπήσῃςreclineVA AAS2S · συμβολοκοπέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeσυμβολοκοπήσῃς: verbal form rendered 'recline' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
οἴνῳwineN2 DSM · οἶνοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceοἴνῳ: lexical item rendered 'wine' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: connective or conjunction rendered 'lest perhaps' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐκκλίνῃinclineV1 PAS3S · κλίνω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐκκλίνῃ: verbal form rendered 'incline' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐπ'towardP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': preposition rendered '' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
τῷin yourRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article rendered 'in your' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πνεύματίspiritN3M DSN · πνεῦμαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπνεύματί: lexical item rendered 'spirit' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ὀλίσθῃςyou slipVA AAS2S · ὀλισθαίνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeὀλίσθῃς: verbal form rendered 'you slip' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀπώλειαν: lexical item rendered 'destruction' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
10
μὴ ἐγκαταλίπῃς φίλον ἀρχαῖον ὁ γὰρ πρόσφατος οὐκ ἔστιν ἔφισος αὐτῷ οἶνος νέος φίλος νέος ἐὰν παλαιωθῇ μετ' εὐφροσύνης πίεσαι αὐτόν
Do not forsake an old friend, for a new one is not equal to him; a new friend is like new wine: when it grows old, you will drink it with gladness.
The simile of aged wine praises friendships tested by time.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐγκαταλίπῃςforsakeVB AAS2S · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐγκαταλίπῃς: verbal form rendered 'forsake' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
φίλονa friendA1 ASM · φίλοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationφίλον: lexical item rendered 'a friend' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἀρχαῖονoldA1A ASM · ἀρχαῖοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀρχαῖον: lexical item rendered 'old' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
πρόσφατοςnewA1B NSM · πρόσφατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόσφατος: lexical item rendered 'new' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἔστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστιν: verbal form rendered 'is' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἔφισοςequalA1 NSM · ἔπισοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔφισος: lexical item rendered 'equal' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered 'to him' with reference set by the immediate context.
οἶνοςwineN2 NSM · οἶνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶνος: lexical item rendered 'wine' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
νέοςnewA1A NSM · νέοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνέος: lexical item rendered 'new' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
φίλοςfriendA1 NSM · φίλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφίλος: lexical item rendered 'friend' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
νέοςnewA1A NSM · νέοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνέος: lexical item rendered 'new' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconditional particle introducing a contingent clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: connective or conjunction rendered 'if' in this chapter's argument flow.
παλαιωθῇit grows oldVC APS3S · παλαιόωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextπαλαιωθῇ: verbal form rendered 'it grows old' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
εὐφροσύνηςgladnessN1 GSF · εὐφροσύνηgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationεὐφροσύνης: lexical item rendered 'gladness' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
πίεσαιyou will drinkVF FMI2S · πίνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultπίεσαι: verbal form rendered 'you will drink' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτόνitRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτόν: pronominal form rendered 'it' with reference set by the immediate context.
11
μὴ ζηλώσῃς δόξαν ἁμαρτωλοῦ οὐ γὰρ οἶδας τί ἔσται ἡ καταστροφὴ αὐτοῦ
Do not envy the glory of a sinner, for you do not know what his downfall will be.
Present splendor is unstable when its end remains hidden and ominous.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ζηλώσῃςenvyVA AAS2S · ζηλόωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeζηλώσῃς: verbal form rendered 'envy' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδόξαν: lexical item rendered 'glory' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἁμαρτωλοῦof a sinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλοῦ: lexical item rendered 'of a sinner' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
οἶδαςyou knowVX XAI2S · οἶδαfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextοἶδας: verbal form rendered 'you know' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceτί: pronominal form rendered 'what' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἔσται: verbal form rendered 'will be' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
καταστροφὴdownfallN1 NSF · καταστροφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαταστροφὴ: lexical item rendered 'downfall' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
12
μὴ εὐδοκήσῃς ἐν εὐδοκίᾳ ἀσεβῶν μνήσθητι ὅτι ἕως ᾅδου οὐ μὴ δικαιωθῶσιν
Do not take pleasure in the pleasure of the ungodly; remember that they will not be vindicated down to Hades.
The joy of the impious is relativized by the certainty of coming judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
εὐδοκήσῃςtake pleasureVA AAS2S · εὐδοκέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeεὐδοκήσῃς: verbal form rendered 'take pleasure' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
εὐδοκίᾳin the pleasureN1A DSF · εὐδοκίαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceεὐδοκίᾳ: lexical item rendered 'in the pleasure' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀσεβῶν: lexical item rendered 'of the ungodly' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextμνήσθητι: verbal form rendered 'remember' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageὅτι: connective or conjunction rendered 'that' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἕωςdown toP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: preposition rendered 'down to' and governing its phrase in this context.
ᾅδουHadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationᾅδου: lexical item rendered 'Hades' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
δικαιωθῶσινthey will be vindicatedVC APS3P · δικαιόωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextδικαιωθῶσιν: verbal form rendered 'they will be vindicated' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
13
μακρὰν ἄπεχε ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ὃς ἔχει ἐξουσίαν τοῦ φονεύειν καὶ οὐ μὴ ὑποπτεύσῃς φόβον θανάτου κἂν προσέλθῃς μὴ πλημμελήσῃς ἵνα μὴ ἀφέληται τὴν ζωήν σου ἐπίγνωθι ὅτι ἐν μέσῳ παγίδων διαβαίνεις καὶ ἐπὶ ἐπάλξεων πόλεως περιπατεῖς
Keep far away from a man who has authority to kill, and you will not suspect the fear of death; but even if you approach him, do not slip, lest he take away your life; recognize that you are walking in the midst of snares and pacing upon the battlements of a city.
Life near lethal power is described as movement through traps where one misstep can cost everything.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
μακρὰνfar awayD · μακράνadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: lexical item rendered 'far away' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἄπεχεkeep yourselfV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἄπεχε: verbal form rendered 'keep yourself' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀνθρώπουfrom a manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀνθρώπου: lexical item rendered 'from a man' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceὃς: pronominal form rendered 'who' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἔχειhasV1 PAI3S · ἔχωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔχει: verbal form rendered 'has' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐξουσίανauthorityN1A ASF · ἐξουσίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἐξουσίαν: lexical item rendered 'authority' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article rendered 'of the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
φονεύεινto killV1 PAN · φονεύωinfinitival form functioning as a verbal complement within the clause→ infinitival force expressed within the clauseφονεύειν: verbal form rendered 'to kill' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὑποπτεύσῃςyou will suspectVA AAS2S · ὀπτεύω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeὑποπτεύσῃς: verbal form rendered 'you will suspect' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationφόβον: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationθανάτου: lexical item rendered 'of death' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
κἂνeven ifC+X · καί̈ἄνconditional particle introducing a contingent clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκἂν: connective or conjunction rendered 'even if' in this chapter's argument flow.
προσέλθῃςyou approachVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαι + προςfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπροσέλθῃς: verbal form rendered 'you approach' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
πλημμελήσῃςyou slipVA AAS2S · πλημμελέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπλημμελήσῃς: verbal form rendered 'you slip' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναsubordinating conjunction marking purpose or prevention→ discourse linkageἵνα: connective or conjunction rendered 'so that' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἀφέληταιhe take awayVB AMS3S · αἱρέω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀφέληται: verbal form rendered 'he take away' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ζωήνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationζωήν: lexical item rendered 'life' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐπίγνωθιrecognizeVZ AAD2S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐπίγνωθι: verbal form rendered 'recognize' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageὅτι: connective or conjunction rendered 'that' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμέσῳ: lexical item rendered 'midst' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
παγίδωνof snaresN3D GPF · παγίςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπαγίδων: lexical item rendered 'of snares' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
διαβαίνειςyou are walking throughV1 PAI2S · βαίνω + διαfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceδιαβαίνεις: verbal form rendered 'you are walking through' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'against' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἐπάλξεωνbattlementsN3I GPF · ἐπάλξιςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἐπάλξεων: lexical item rendered 'battlements' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
πόλεωςof a cityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπόλεως: lexical item rendered 'of a city' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
περιπατεῖςyou are pacingV2 PAI2S · πατέω + περιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceπεριπατεῖς: verbal form rendered 'you are pacing' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
14
κατὰ τὴν ἰσχύν σου στόχασαι τοὺς πλησίον καὶ μετὰ σοφῶν συμβουλεύου
According to your strength, size up your neighbors, and take counsel with the wise.
Sound judgment begins with honest measure of one's own capacity and prudent choice of advisers.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: preposition rendered 'according to' and governing its phrase in this context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἰσχύνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύν: lexical item rendered 'strength' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
στόχασαιsize upVA AMD2S · στοχάζομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextστόχασαι: verbal form rendered 'size up' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πλησίονneighborsD · πλησίονadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: lexical item rendered 'neighbors' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
σοφῶνthe wiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσοφῶν: lexical item rendered 'the wise' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
συμβουλεύουtake counselV1 PMD2S · βουλεύω + συνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceσυμβουλεύου: verbal form rendered 'take counsel' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
15
μετὰ συνετῶν ἔστω ὁ διαλογισμός σου καὶ πᾶσα διήγησίς σου ἐν νόμῳ ὑψίστου
Let your conversation be with the understanding, and let all your discourse be in the law of the Most High.
Speech is to be schooled both by wise people and by divine instruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
συνετῶνthe understandingA1 GPM · συνετόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσυνετῶν: lexical item rendered 'the understanding' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἔστωlet beV9 PAD3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστω: verbal form rendered 'let be' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
διαλογισμόςconversationN2 NSM · διαλογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιαλογισμός: lexical item rendered 'conversation' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶσα: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
διήγησίςdiscourseN3I NSF · διήγησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιήγησίς: lexical item rendered 'discourse' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceνόμῳ: lexical item rendered 'law' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ὑψίστουof the Most HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationὑψίστου: lexical item rendered 'of the Most High' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
16
ἄνδρες δίκαιοι ἔστωσαν σύνδειπνοί σου καὶ ἐν φόβῳ κυρίου ἔστω τὸ καύχημά σου
Let righteous men be your table companions, and let your boast be in the fear of the Lord.
Companionship and confidence alike are to be ordered by reverence for God.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνδρες: lexical item rendered 'men' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
δίκαιοιrighteousA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιοι: lexical item rendered 'righteous' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἔστωσανlet beV9 PAD3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστωσαν: verbal form rendered 'let be' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σύνδειπνοίtable companionsN2 NPM · σύνδειπνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύνδειπνοί: lexical item rendered 'table companions' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceφόβῳ: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἔστωlet beV9 PAD3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστω: verbal form rendered 'let be' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
καύχημάboastN3M NSN · καύχημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαύχημά: lexical item rendered 'boast' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
17
ἐν χειρὶ τεχνιτῶν ἔργον ἐπαινεσθήσεται καὶ ὁ ἡγούμενος λαοῦ σοφὸς ἐν λόγῳ αὐτοῦ
In the hand of craftsmen a work will be praised, and the ruler of a people is wise in his speech.
The saying commends fitting competence: skill in the artisan, wisdom in the leader's words.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
χειρὶin the handN3 DSF · χείρdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceχειρὶ: lexical item rendered 'in the hand' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
τεχνιτῶνof craftsmenN1M GPM · τεχνίτηςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationτεχνιτῶν: lexical item rendered 'of craftsmen' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἔργονa workN2N NSN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: lexical item rendered 'a work' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐπαινεσθήσεταιwill be praisedVS FPI3S · αἰνέω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐπαινεσθήσεται: verbal form rendered 'will be praised' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἡγούμενοςrulerV2 · πμπνσμ ἡγέομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἡγούμενος: verbal form rendered 'ruler' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
λαοῦof a peopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationλαοῦ: lexical item rendered 'of a people' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφὸς: lexical item rendered 'wise' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
λόγῳin speechN2 DSM · λόγοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceλόγῳ: lexical item rendered 'in speech' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
18
φοβερὸς ἐν πόλει αὐτοῦ ἀνὴρ γλωσσώδης καὶ ὁ προπετὴς ἐν λόγῳ αὐτοῦ μισηθήσεται
A talkative man is feared in his city, and one who is rash in his speech will be hated.
Closes by contrasting wise speech with the civic danger posed by glib and impulsive words.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
φοβερὸςfearedA1A NSM · φοβερόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφοβερὸς: lexical item rendered 'feared' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
πόλειin a cityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπόλει: lexical item rendered 'in a city' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered '' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀνὴρa manN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνὴρ: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
γλωσσώδηςtalkativeA3H NSM · γλωσσώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλωσσώδης: lexical item rendered 'talkative' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
προπετὴςrashA3H NSM · προπετήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροπετὴς: lexical item rendered 'rash' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
λόγῳin speechN2 DSM · λόγοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceλόγῳ: lexical item rendered 'in speech' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
μισηθήσεταιwill be hatedVC FPI3S · μισέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultμισηθήσεται: verbal form rendered 'will be hated' in this chapter's counsel on chastity, loyalty, and wise companionship.