1
αὕτη πρωτόπλαστον πατέρα κόσμου μόνον κτισθέντα διεφύλαξεν καὶ ἐξείλατο αὐτὸν ἐκ παραπτώματος ἰδίου
She protected the first-formed father of the world, when he alone had been created, and delivered him from his own transgression,
The chapter opens a retrospective hymn to wisdom by beginning with Adam and portraying wisdom as preservative even at humanity's first transgression.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρωτόπλαστονfirst-formedA1B ASM · πρωτόπλαστοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρωτόπλαστος: meaning 'first-formed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πατέραfatherN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κόσμουadornmentN2 GSM · κόσμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκόσμος: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μόνονaloneA1 ASM · μόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κτισθένταhaving been createdVS · αππασμ κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππασμ κτίζω: meaning 'having been created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διεφύλαξενpreserved thoroughlyVAI AAI3S · φυλάσσω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυλάσσω + δια: meaning 'preserved thoroughly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξείλατοdeliveredVB AMI3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παραπτώματοςtransgressionN3M GSN · παράπτωμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράπτωμα: meaning 'transgression'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰδίουof his ownA1A GSN · ἴδιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἴδιος: meaning 'of his own'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
ἔδωκέν τε αὐτῷ ἰσχὺν κρατῆσαι ἁπάντων
and gave him strength to rule all things.
Wisdom not only preserves but equips the first human for delegated rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἔδωκένgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κρατῆσαιto masterVA AAN · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκρατέω: meaning 'to master'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁπάντωνover all thingsA3 GPN · ἅπαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅπας: meaning 'over all things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
ἀποστὰς δὲ ἀπ' αὐτῆς ἄδικος ἐν ὀργῇ αὐτοῦ ἀδελφοκτόνοις συναπώλετο θυμοῖς
But when an unrighteous man withdrew from her in his anger, he perished through fratricidal rage.
By contrast, departure from wisdom leads to self-destruction, here exemplified in Cain's murderous rage.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀποστὰςhaving departedVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'having departed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄδικοςunjustA1B NSM · ἄδικοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδελφοκτόνοιςbrother-killingA1B DPM · ἀδελφοκτόνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδελφοκτόνος: meaning 'brother-killing'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συναπώλετοhe perished withVBI AMI3S · ὄλλυμι + συν + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὄλλυμι + συν + ἀπο: meaning 'he perished with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυμοῖςwrathN2 DPM · θυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
4
δι' ὃν κατακλυζομένην γῆν πάλιν ἔσωσεν σοφία δι' εὐτελοῦς ξύλου τὸν δίκαιον κυβερνήσασα
Because of him, when the earth was being flooded, wisdom again saved the righteous man, steering him by means of a cheap piece of wood.
The flood narrative becomes another witness to wisdom's saving governance, steering the righteous through judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατακλυζομένηνbeing floodedV1 · πμπασφ κλύζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ κλύζω + κατα: meaning 'being flooded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλιν: meaning 'again'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσωσενsave / deliverVAI AAI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐτελοῦςpaltryA3H GSN · εὐτελήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐτελής: meaning 'paltry'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ξύλουwood / treeN2N GSN · ξύλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationξύλον: meaning 'wood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυβερνήσασαhaving steeredVA · ααπνσφ κυβερνάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσφ κυβερνάω: meaning 'having steered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
αὕτη καὶ ἐν ὁμονοίᾳ πονηρίας ἐθνῶν συγχυθέντων ἔγνω τὸν δίκαιον καὶ ἐτήρησεν αὐτὸν ἄμεμπτον θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τέκνου σπλάγχνοις ἰσχυρὸν ἐφύλαξεν
She also, when nations were thrown into confusion in a wicked conspiracy, recognized the righteous man and kept him blameless before God and preserved him strong in affection for his child.
In the scattering of nations wisdom discerns Abraham, keeps him blameless, and strengthens him through the sacrifice crisis.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁμονοίᾳagreementN1A DSF · ὁμόνοιαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁμόνοια: meaning 'agreement'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πονηρίαςof wickednessN1A GSF · πονηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρία: meaning 'of wickedness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συγχυθέντωνhaving been confusedVC · αππγπν χέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππγπν χέω + συν: meaning 'having been confused'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτήρησενkeptVAI AAI3S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτηρέω: meaning 'kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄμεμπτονblamelessA1B ASM · ἄμεμπτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμεμπτος: meaning 'blameless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέκνουof childN2N GSN · τέκνονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέκνον: meaning 'of child'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σπλάγχνοιςinward affectionsN2N DPN · σπλάγχνονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσπλάγχνον: meaning 'inward affections'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἰσχυρὸνstrongA1A ASM · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐφύλαξενhe keptVAI AAI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυλάσσω: meaning 'he kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
αὕτη δίκαιον ἐξαπολλυμένων ἀσεβῶν ἐρρύσατο φυγόντα καταβάσιον πῦρ Πενταπόλεως
She rescued a righteous man when the ungodly were perishing, as he fled the fire descending on the Five Cities.
Lot's escape from the destruction of the cities is attributed to wisdom's rescue of the righteous amid mass judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξαπολλυμένωνwhile perishing utterlyV5 · πππγπμ ὄλλυμι + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππγπμ ὄλλυμι + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'while perishing utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐρρύσατοrescuedVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥύομαι: meaning 'rescued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυγόνταhaving fledVB · ααπασμ φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασμ φεύγω: meaning 'having fled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταβάσιονdescendingA1B ASN · καταβάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαταβάσιος: meaning 'descending'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
Πενταπόλεωςof the Five CitiesN3I GSF · Πεντάπολιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΠενταπόλεως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ἧς ἔτι μαρτύριον τῆς πονηρίας καπνιζομένη καθέστηκε χέρσος καὶ ἀτελέσιν ὥραις καρποφοροῦντα φυτά ἀπιστούσης ψυχῆς μνημεῖον ἑστηκυῖα στήλη ἁλός
Of whose wickedness there still stands as witness a smoking wasteland, plants bearing fruit that never ripens in season, and a pillar of salt standing as a memorial of an unbelieving soul.
The land itself remains as a visible memorial to the wickedness from which wisdom delivered the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μαρτύριονwitnessN2N NSN · μαρτύριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαρτύριον: meaning 'witness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρίαςof wickednessN1A GSF · πονηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρία: meaning 'of wickedness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καπνιζομένηsmokingV1 · πμπνσφ καπνίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ καπνίζω: meaning 'smoking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καθέστηκεstandsVXI XAI3S · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'stands'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χέρσοςwaste landN2 NSF · χέρσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχέρσος: meaning 'waste land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτελέσινin untimelyA3H DPF · ἀτελήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀτελής: meaning 'in untimely'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὥραιςseasonsN1A DPF · ὥραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὥρα: meaning 'seasons'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρποφοροῦνταbearing fruitV2 · παπνπν καρποφορέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπν καρποφορέω: meaning 'bearing fruit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυτάplantsN2N NPN · φυτόνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυτόν: meaning 'plants'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπιστούσηςof unbelievingV2 · παπγσφ ἀπιστέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσφ ἀπιστέω: meaning 'of unbelieving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μνημεῖονmonumentN2N NSN · μνημεῖονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμνημεῖον: meaning 'monument'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἑστηκυῖαstandingVXI XAPNSFI(/STHMIverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationἑστηκυῖα: meaning 'standing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στήληpillarN1 NSF · στήληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστήλη: meaning 'pillar'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁλόςof saltN3 GSM · ἅλςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅλς: meaning 'of salt'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
σοφίαν γὰρ παροδεύσαντες οὐ μόνον ἐβλάβησαν τοῦ μὴ γνῶναι τὰ καλά ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ἀφροσύνης ἀπέλιπον τῷ βίῳ μνημόσυνον ἵνα ἐν οἷς ἐσφάλησαν μηδὲ λαθεῖν δυνηθῶσιν
For because they passed wisdom by, they were harmed not only by failing to know the good things, but they also left to life a memorial of their folly, so that in the things wherein they went astray they could not even remain hidden.
Those who pass wisdom by are doubly shamed: they lose the good and leave behind a permanent monument to their folly.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροδεύσαντεςhaving passed byVA · ααπνπμ ὁδεύω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ὁδεύω + παρα: meaning 'having passed by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμόνον: meaning 'only'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβλάβησανthey were harmedVDI API3P · βλάπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλάπτω: meaning 'they were harmed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶναιγιγνωσκωVZ AAN · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνωσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλάgood thingsA1 APN · καλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφροσύνηςfollyN1 GSF · ἀφροσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀφροσύνη: meaning 'folly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπέλιπονthey left behindVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἀπο: meaning 'they left behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίῳpropertyN2 DSM · βίοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβίος: meaning 'property'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N ASN · μνημόσυνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memorial'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐσφάλησανthey stumbledVDI API3P · σφάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσφάλλω: meaning 'they stumbled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'and do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαθεῖνto remain hiddenVB AAN · λανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementλανθάνω: meaning 'to remain hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δυνηθῶσινthey might be ableVC APS3P · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδύναμαι: meaning 'they might be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
σοφία δὲ τοὺς θεραπεύοντας αὐτὴν ἐκ πόνων ἐρρύσατο
But wisdom rescued from pains those who served her.
The section closes its first sweep by stating the broad principle that wisdom rescues her servants from their pains.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεραπεύονταςservingV1 · παπαπμ θεραπεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ θεραπεύω: meaning 'serving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόνωνpainN2 GPM · πόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόνος: meaning 'pain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐρρύσατοrescuedVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥύομαι: meaning 'rescued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
αὕτη φυγάδα ὀργῆς ἀδελφοῦ δίκαιον ὡδήγησεν ἐν τρίβοις εὐθείαις ἔδειξεν αὐτῷ βασιλείαν θεοῦ καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ γνῶσιν ἁγίων εὐπόρησεν αὐτὸν ἐν μόχθοις καὶ ἐπλήθυνεν τοὺς πόνους αὐτοῦ
She guided a righteous fugitive from a brother's anger in straight paths; she showed him the kingdom of God and gave him knowledge of holy things; she prospered him in his toils and multiplied the fruits of his labors.
The focus shifts to Jacob, whose exile, vision, holiness, labor, and prosperity are all read through wisdom's guidance.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φυγάδαfugitiveN3D ASM · φυγάςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυγάς: meaning 'fugitive'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀργῆςwith angerN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherN2 GSM · ἀδελφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡδήγησενguidedVAI AAI3S · ὁδηγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁδηγέω: meaning 'guided'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τρίβοιςpathsN2 DSF · τρίβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐθείαιςstraightA3U DPF · εὐθύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔδειξενshowVAI AAI3S · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδεικνύω: meaning 'show'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γνῶσινknowledge / discernmentN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἁγίωνof holy thingsA1A GPM · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'of holy things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐπόρησενprosperedVA AAI3S · εὐπορέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐπορέω: meaning 'prospered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μόχθοιςlaborsN2 DPM · μόχθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμόχθος: meaning 'labors'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλήθυνενmultipliedVAI AAI3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληθύνω: meaning 'multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόνουςpainN2 APM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόνος: meaning 'pain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
ἐν πλεονεξίᾳ κατισχυόντων αὐτὸν παρέστη καὶ ἐπλούτισεν αὐτόν
When greedy men oppressed him, she stood beside him and made him rich.
Wisdom stands beside the oppressed righteous man and overturns greedy exploitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλεονεξίᾳgreedN1A DSF · πλεονεξίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλεονεξία: meaning 'greed'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατισχυόντωνof overpowering menV1 · παπγπμ ἰσχύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'of overpowering men'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρέστηstood byVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + παρα: meaning 'stood by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλούτισενmade richVAI AAI3S · πλουτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπλουτίζω: meaning 'made rich'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
διεφύλαξεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ ἐχθρῶν καὶ ἀπὸ ἐνεδρευόντων ἠσφαλίσατο καὶ ἀγῶνα ἰσχυρὸν ἐβράβευσεν αὐτῷ ἵνα γνῷ ὅτι παντὸς δυνατωτέρα ἐστὶν εὐσέβεια
She protected him from enemies and secured him from those lying in wait, and in a fierce contest she awarded him the prize, so that he might know that godliness is stronger than everything.
Conflict itself becomes schooling, as wisdom protects and teaches the superior strength of godliness.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
διεφύλαξενpreserved thoroughlyVAI AAI3S · φυλάσσω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυλάσσω + δια: meaning 'preserved thoroughly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐχθρῶνἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.A1A GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐνεδρευόντωνthose lying in waitV1 · παπγπμ ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'those lying in wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἠσφαλίσατοmade secureVAI AMI3S · ἀσφαλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀσφαλίζω: meaning 'made secure'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγῶναcontestN3W ASM · ἀγώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγών: meaning 'contest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἰσχυρὸνstrongA1A ASM · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐβράβευσενgave the prizeVAI AAI3S · βραβεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβραβεύω: meaning 'gave the prize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῷknowingVZ AAS3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὸςeveryoneA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δυνατωτέραstrongerA1 NSFC · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'stronger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐσέβειαpietyN1A NSF · εὐσέβειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐσέβεια: meaning 'piety'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
13
αὕτη πραθέντα δίκαιον οὐκ ἐγκατέλιπεν ἀλλὰ ἐξ ἁμαρτίας ἐρρύσατο αὐτόν
She did not forsake the righteous man when he was sold, but rescued him from sin.
Joseph's sale does not place him outside wisdom's care; rather she rescues him even through sin's setting.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πραθένταhaving been soldVC · αππασμ πιπράσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππασμ πιπράσκω: meaning 'having been sold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκατέλιπενthey forsookVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐρρύσατοrescuedVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥύομαι: meaning 'rescued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
συγκατέβη αὐτῷ εἰς λάκκον καὶ ἐν δεσμοῖς οὐκ ἀφῆκεν αὐτόν ἕως ἤνεγκεν αὐτῷ σκῆπτρα βασιλείας καὶ ἐξουσίαν τυραννούντων αὐτοῦ ψευδεῖς τε ἔδειξεν τοὺς μωμησαμένους αὐτὸν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ δόξαν αἰώνιον
She went down with him into the pit and did not leave him in bonds until she brought him the scepters of a kingdom and authority over those who had tyrannized him; and she showed false those who had reviled him and gave him everlasting glory.
The descent into prison becomes the path by which wisdom raises Joseph to authority and vindication.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
συγκατέβηwent down withVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + συν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + συν + κατα: meaning 'went down with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λάκκονpitN2 ASM · λάκκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλάκκος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δεσμοῖςfettersN2 DPM · δεσμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεσμός: meaning 'fetters'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφῆκενallow / send awayVAI AAI3S · ἵημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'allow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνεγκενbringVAI AAI3S · φέρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφέρω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκῆπτραscepterN2N APN · σκῆπτρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκῆπτρον: meaning 'scepter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξουσίανxousiaN1A ASF · ἐξουσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐξουσία: meaning 'xousia'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τυραννούντωνof tyrannizing menV2 · παπγπμ τυραννέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ τυραννέω: meaning 'of tyrannizing men'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψευδεῖςfalseA3H APM · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδειξενshowVAI AAI3S · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδεικνύω: meaning 'show'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μωμησαμένουςhaving blamedVA · αμπαπμ μωμάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπαπμ μωμάομαι: meaning 'having blamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰώνιονeverlastingA1B ASF · αἰώνιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰώνιος: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
αὕτη λαὸν ὅσιον καὶ σπέρμα ἄμεμπτον ἐρρύσατο ἐξ ἔθνους θλιβόντων
She rescued a holy people and a blameless seed from a nation of oppressors.
The hymn now widens from patriarchal stories to the deliverance of Israel as a whole from oppression.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅσιονholyA1A ASM · ὅσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅσιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπέρμαseed / offspringN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄμεμπτονblamelessA1B ASN · ἄμεμπτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμεμπτος: meaning 'blameless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐρρύσατοrescuedVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥύομαι: meaning 'rescued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θλιβόντωνthliboV1 · παπγπμ θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ θλίβω: meaning 'thlibo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
εἰσῆλθεν εἰς ψυχὴν θεράποντος κυρίου καὶ ἀντέστη βασιλεῦσιν φοβεροῖς ἐν τέρασι καὶ σημείοις
She entered into the soul of a servant of the Lord and stood against fearsome kings with wonders and signs.
Moses is described as wisdom's bearer, confronting terrifying kings through signs and wonders.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θεράποντοςservant / attendantN3 GSM · θεράπωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεράπων: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀντέστηwithstood / opposedVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'withstood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεῦσινkingN3V DPM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φοβεροῖςfearsomeA1A DPM · φοβερόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφοβερός: meaning 'fearsome'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέρασιwondersN3T DPN · τέραςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέρας: meaning 'wonders'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σημείοιςsignsN2 DPN · σημεῖονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσημεῖον: meaning 'signs'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
17
ἀπέδωκεν ὁσίοις μισθὸν κόπων αὐτῶν ὡδήγησεν αὐτοὺς ἐν ὁδῷ θαυμαστῇ καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτοῖς εἰς σκέπην ἡμέρας καὶ εἰς φλόγα ἄστρων τὴν νύκτα
She repaid the holy ones for their labors, guided them in a marvelous way, and became for them a shelter by day and a flame of stars by night.
The exodus route is interpreted as wisdom's own leading, sheltering, and luminous presence with the holy people.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀπέδωκενgave overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'gave over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁσίοιςto holy onesA1A DPM · ὅσιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅσιος: meaning 'to holy ones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μισθὸνrewardN2 ASM · μισθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμισθός: meaning 'reward'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κόπωνdistressN2 GPM · κόποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκόπος: meaning 'distress'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡδήγησενguidedVAI AAI3S · ὁδηγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁδηγέω: meaning 'guided'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θαυμαστῇmarvelousA1 DSF · θαυμαστόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθαυμαστός: meaning 'marvelous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκέπηνcoverN1 ASF · σκέπηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκέπης: meaning 'cover'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φλόγαflameN3G ASF · φλόξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφλόξ: meaning 'flame'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄστρωνstarN2N GPN · ἄστρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄστρον: meaning 'star'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νύκταnyktaN3 ASF · νύξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνύξ: meaning 'nykta'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
διεβίβασεν αὐτοὺς θάλασσαν ἐρυθρὰν καὶ διήγαγεν αὐτοὺς δι' ὕδατος πολλοῦ
She brought them across the Red Sea and led them through much water,
Wisdom carries Israel through the sea itself, turning overwhelming waters into a passage of deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
διεβίβασενbrought acrossVAI AAI3S · βιβάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβιβάζω + δια: meaning 'brought across'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐρυθρὰνRedA1A ASF · ἐρυθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐρυθρός: meaning 'Red'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διήγαγενled throughVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + δια: meaning 'led through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλοῦmany / muchA1 GSN · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
19
τοὺς δὲ ἐχθροὺς αὐτῶν κατέκλυσεν καὶ ἐκ βάθους ἀβύσσου ἀνέβρασεν αὐτούς
but their enemies she drowned, and from the depth of the abyss she cast them up.
The same waters that bear the righteous destroy their enemies and throw them up from the abyss.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχθροὺςenemyA1A APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέκλυσενdrownedVAI AAI3S · κλύζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκλύζω + κατα: meaning 'drowned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βάθουςdepthN3E GSN · βάθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβάθος: meaning 'depth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀβύσσουof abyssN2 GSM · ἄβυσσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄβυσσος: meaning 'of abyss'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνέβρασενcast upVAI AAI3S · βράσσω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβράσσω + ἀνα: meaning 'cast up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
διὰ τοῦτο δίκαιοι ἐσκύλευσαν ἀσεβεῖς καὶ ὕμνησαν κύριε τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ἅγιόν σου τήν τε ὑπέρμαχόν σου χεῖρα ᾔνεσαν ὁμοθυμαδόν
Therefore the righteous plundered the ungodly, and they sang hymns, O Lord, to your holy name, and with one accord they praised your champion hand,
Deliverance issues in plunder and liturgical praise, as the righteous celebrate the Lord's holy name and mighty hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δίκαιοιrighteousA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐσκύλευσανthey plundered / they stripped (of spoil)VAI AAI3P · σκυλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκυλεύω: meaning 'they plundered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβεῖςungodly menA3H APM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕμνησανsang hymnsVA AAI3P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὑμνέω: meaning 'sang hymns'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιόνholyA1A ASN · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τήνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτήν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπέρμαχόνchampioningN2 ASM · ὑπέρμαχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπέρμαχος: meaning 'championing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ᾔνεσανpraiseVAI AAI3P · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰνέω: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁμοθυμαδόνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοθυμαδόν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
21
ὅτι ἡ σοφία ἤνοιξεν στόμα κωφῶν καὶ γλώσσας νηπίων ἔθηκεν τρανάς
because wisdom opened the mouths of the mute and made the tongues of infants clear.
The chapter ends by crediting wisdom with opening silenced mouths and strengthening weak tongues for praise.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἤνοιξενanaVAI AAI3S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κωφῶνof mute onesA1 GPM · κωφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκωφός: meaning 'of mute ones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γλώσσαςtongueN1S APF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νηπίωνinfantsA1A GPM · νήπιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνήπιος: meaning 'infants'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔθηκενtithemiVAI AAI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'tithemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρανάςclearN1A APF · τρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρανός: meaning 'clear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.