1
τὸ γὰρ ἄφθαρτόν σου πνεῦμά ἐστιν ἐν πᾶσιν
For your imperishable Spirit is in all things.
The chapter opens with a foundational claim about God's imperishable Spirit as the basis for his continuing engagement with creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφθαρτόνimperishableA1B NSN · ἄφθαρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφθαρτος: meaning 'imperishable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πνεῦμάspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
2
διὸ τοὺς παραπίπτοντας κατ' ὀλίγον ἐλέγχεις καὶ ἐν οἷς ἁμαρτάνουσιν ὑπομιμνῄσκων νουθετεῖς ἵνα ἀπαλλαγέντες τῆς κακίας πιστεύσωσιν ἐπὶ σέ κύριε
Therefore you reprove little by little those who fall away, and by reminding them of the things in which they sin you admonish them, so that, being set free from evil, they may believe in you, O Lord.
Divine reproof is presented as gradual and medicinal, aiming not merely to expose evil but to free sinners for faith.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
διὸthereforeC · διόconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιὸ: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραπίπτονταςthose falling awayV1 · παπαπμ πίπτω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ πίπτω + παρα: meaning 'those falling away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατ'according toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀλίγονlittleA1 ASN · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλέγχειςyou reproveV1 PAI2S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐλέγχω: meaning 'you reprove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἷςohisRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'ohis'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁμαρτάνουσινthey sinV1 · παπδπμ ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'they sin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπομιμνῄσκωνremindingV1 · παπνσμ μιμνήσκω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ μιμνήσκω + ὑπο: meaning 'reminding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νουθετεῖςyou admonishV2 PAI2S · νουθετέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processνουθετέω: meaning 'you admonish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαλλαγέντεςhaving been set freeVD · αππνπμ ἀλλάσσω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνπμ ἀλλάσσω + ἀπο: meaning 'having been set free'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαςevilN1A GSF · κακίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πιστεύσωσινthey may believeVA AAS3P · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπιστεύω: meaning 'they may believe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
3
καὶ γὰρ τοὺς πάλαι οἰκήτορας τῆς ἁγίας σου γῆς
For indeed the ancient inhabitants of your holy land,
The argument turns to the ancient inhabitants of the holy land as the test case for God's measured judgments.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάλαιlong agoD · πάλαιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλαι: meaning 'long ago'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκήτοραςinhabitantsN3R APM · οἰκήτωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκήτωρ: meaning 'inhabitants'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίαςholyA1A GSF · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
μισήσας ἐπὶ τῷ ἔχθιστα πράσσειν ἔργα φαρμακειῶν καὶ τελετὰς ἀνοσίους
because they were doing most hateful works of sorceries and unholy rites,
The first item in the indictment names occult and impious rites as morally hateful before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μισήσαςhateVA · ααπνσμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ μισέω: meaning 'hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔχθισταmost hatefulA1 APNS · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'most hateful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πράσσεινto doV1 PAN · πράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπράσσω: meaning 'to do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργαworkN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φαρμακειῶνof sorceriesN1A GPF · φαρμακίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφαρμακία: meaning 'of sorceries'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τελετὰςritesN1 APF · τελετήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτελετή: meaning 'rites'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνοσίουςunholyA1B APF · ἀνόσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνόσιος: meaning 'unholy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
5
τέκνων τε φονὰς ἀνελεήμονας καὶ σπλαγχνοφάγον ἀνθρωπίνων σαρκῶν θοῖναν καὶ αἵματος ἐκ μέσου μύστας θιάσου
and merciless murders of children and a feast of human flesh and blood among initiates of a cult,
The accusation intensifies through images of child murder and sacrificial cannibalism within cultic settings.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τέκνωνchildrenN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φονὰςmurdersN3V APM · φονεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφονεύς: meaning 'murders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνελεήμοναςmercilessA3 APM · ἀνελεήμωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνελεήμων: meaning 'merciless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπλαγχνοφάγονflesh-eatingA1B ASN · σπλαγχνοφάγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπλαγχνοφάγος: meaning 'flesh-eating'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρωπίνωνhumanA1 GPF · ἀνθρώπινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνθρώπινος: meaning 'human'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαρκῶνfleshN3K GPF · σάρξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θοῖνανfeastN1A ASF · θοῖναaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθοῖνα: meaning 'feast'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἵματοςαἷμαN3M GSN · αἷμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἷμα: meaning 'αἷμα'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μύσταςinitiatesN1M APM · μύστηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμύστης: meaning 'initiates'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θιάσουof a cultic bandN2 GSM · θίασοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθίασος: meaning 'of a cultic band'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
καὶ αὐθέντας γονεῖς ψυχῶν ἀβοηθήτων ἐβουλήθης ἀπολέσαι διὰ χειρῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν
and parents who murdered helpless lives, you willed to destroy by the hands of our fathers,
The narrative reaches God's decision to remove such people through the agency of Israel's fathers.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐθένταςmurderous mastersN1M APM · αὐθέντηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαὐθέντης: meaning 'murderous masters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γονεῖςparentsN3V NPM · γονεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγονεύς: meaning 'parents'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψυχῶνlivesN1 GPF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'lives'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀβοηθήτωνhelplessA1B GPF · ἀβοήθητοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀβοήθητος: meaning 'helpless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐβουλήθηςyou willedVCI API2S · βούλομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβούλομαι: meaning 'you willed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπολέσαιloseVA AAN · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'lose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρῶνhandN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
ἵνα ἀξίαν ἀποικίαν δέξηται θεοῦ παίδων ἡ παρὰ σοὶ πασῶν τιμιωτάτη γῆ
so that the land most precious of all before you might receive a colony worthy of the children of God.
The removal serves a positive end: the land is to become a dwelling worthy of God's children.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀξίανworthyA1A ASF · ἄξιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποικίανdispersionN1A ASF · ἀποικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀποικία: meaning 'dispersion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δέξηταιmight receiveVA AMS3S · δέχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδέχομαι: meaning 'might receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παίδωνservant / childN3D GPM · παῖςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶsoiRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'soi'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πασῶνallA1S GPF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τιμιωτάτηmost preciousA1A NSFS · τίμιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτίμιος: meaning 'most precious'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
8
ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτων ὡς ἀνθρώπων ἐφείσω ἀπέστειλάς τε προδρόμους τοῦ στρατοπέδου σου σφῆκας ἵνα αὐτοὺς κατὰ βραχὺ ἐξολεθρεύσωσιν
But even these, since they were human beings, you spared, and you sent hornets as forerunners of your army, so that they might destroy them little by little.
Even here destruction is not immediate; God treats them as human beings and uses gradual means.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςwhenC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνθρώπωνmanN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐφείσωyou have withheldVAI AMI2S · φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφείδομαι: meaning 'you have withheld'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπέστειλάςyou sentVAI AAI2S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'you sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προδρόμουςforerunnersA1B APM · πρόδρομοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόδρομος: meaning 'forerunners'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατοπέδουarmy campN2N GSN · στρατόπεδονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστρατόπεδον: meaning 'army camp'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σφῆκαςhornetsN3K APM · σφήξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσφήξ: meaning 'hornets'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰoppositeP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βραχὺlittle by littleA3U ASN · βραχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβραχύς: meaning 'little by little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξολεθρεύσωσινolethreuokVA AAS3P · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'olethreuok'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
οὐκ ἀδυνατῶν ἐν παρατάξει ἀσεβεῖς δικαίοις ὑποχειρίους δοῦναι ἢ θηρίοις δεινοῖς ἢ λόγῳ ἀποτόμῳ ὑφ' ἓν ἐκτρῖψαι
Not because you were unable in battle to give the ungodly into the hand of the righteous, or to wipe them out at once by fierce beasts or by a severe word,
The delay is explained not as impotence but as chosen restraint, since God could have destroyed them at once.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδυνατῶνbeing unableV2 · παπνσμ ἀδυνατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀδυνατέω: meaning 'being unable'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παρατάξειin battleN3I DSM · παράταξιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράταξις: meaning 'in battle'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H APM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαίοιςas the righteousA1A DPM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'as the righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑποχειρίουςsubjectA1A APM · ὑποχείριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑποχείριος: meaning 'subject'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δοῦναιto giveVO AAN · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'to give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θηρίοιςwild beastN2N DPN · θηρίονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθηρίον: meaning 'wild beast'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δεινοῖςfierceA1 DPN · δεινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεινός: meaning 'fierce'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγῳmatterN2 DSM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'matter'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀποτόμῳsevereA1B DSM · ἀπότομοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπότομος: meaning 'severe'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑφ'under / byP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑφ': meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἓνoneA3 ASN · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ measure or countἓν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐκτρῖψαιto destroyVA AAN · τρίβω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτρίβω + ἐκ: meaning 'to destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
κρίνων δὲ κατὰ βραχὺ ἐδίδους τόπον μετανοίας οὐκ ἀγνοῶν ὅτι πονηρὰ ἡ γένεσις αὐτῶν καὶ ἔμφυτος ἡ κακία αὐτῶν καὶ ὅτι οὐ μὴ ἀλλαγῇ ὁ λογισμὸς αὐτῶν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
but judging them little by little you were giving a place for repentance, though you were not unaware that their stock was evil and their wickedness inborn and that their purpose would never change forever.
Measured judgment leaves room for repentance even while God fully knows the deep persistence of their evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
κρίνωνjudgingN2N GPN · κρίνονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρίνον: meaning 'judging'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰoppositeP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βραχὺlittle by littleA3U ASN · βραχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβραχύς: meaning 'little by little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐδίδουςyou were givingV8I IMI2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'you were giving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μετανοίαςfor repentanceN1A GSF · μετάνοιαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμετάνοια: meaning 'for repentance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγνοῶνbeing unawareV2 · παπνσμ ἀγνοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀγνοέω: meaning 'being unaware'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηρὰgrievousA1A NSF · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρός: meaning 'grievous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένεσιςoffspringN3I NSF · γένεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγένεσις: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμφυτοςinbornA1B NSF · ἔμφυτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔμφυτος: meaning 'inborn'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαwickednessN1A NSF · κακίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλλαγῇmight changeVD APS3S · ἀλλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀλλάσσω: meaning 'might change'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογισμὸςpurposeN2 NSM · λογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλογισμός: meaning 'purpose'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
σπέρμα γὰρ ἦν κατηραμένον ἀπ' ἀρχῆς οὐδὲ εὐλαβούμενός τινα ἐφ' οἷς ἡμάρτανον ἄδειαν ἐδίδους
For it was a cursed seed from the beginning, nor was it because you feared anyone that you were giving them immunity for the sins they committed.
God's restraint is not fear of opponents; it is exercised despite knowing that the stock itself was cursed from the beginning.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
σπέρμαseed / offspringN3M NSN · σπέρμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνthere wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'there was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατηραμένονcursedVM · χμπνσν ἀράομαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσν ἀράομαι + κατα: meaning 'cursed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλαβούμενόςfearingV2 · πμπνσμ εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ εὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιναsomeoneRI ASM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτινα: meaning 'someone'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἷςohisRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'ohis'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡμάρτανονthey were sinningV1I IAI3P · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'they were sinning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄδειανpermissionN1A ASF · ἄδειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδεια: meaning 'permission'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐδίδουςyou were givingV8I IMI2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'you were giving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
τίς γὰρ ἐρεῖ τί ἐποίησας ἢ τίς ἀντιστήσεται τῷ κρίματί σου τίς δὲ ἐγκαλέσει σοι κατὰ ἐθνῶν ἀπολωλότων ἃ σὺ ἐποίησας ἢ τίς εἰς κατάστασίν σοι ἐλεύσεται ἔκδικος κατὰ ἀδίκων ἀνθρώπων
For who will say, 'What have you done?' Or who will withstand your judgment? And who will accuse you concerning nations that have perished, which you made? Or who will come to stand before you as an avenger against unjust human beings?
A sequence of questions denies that any creature can indict God's verdicts over the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίwhat? who?RI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what? who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντιστήσεταιwill withstandVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'will withstand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίματίjudgmentN3M DSN · κρίμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαλέσειwill accuseVF FAI3S · καλέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω + ἐν: meaning 'will accuse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰoppositeP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπολωλότωνthat have perishedVX · χαπγπν ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπγπν ὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'that have perished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κατάστασίνto stand beforeN3I ASF · κατάστασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκατάστασις: meaning 'to stand before'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλεύσεταιwill comeVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔκδικοςavengerA1B NSM · ἔκδικοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔκδικος: meaning 'avenger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατὰoppositeP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδίκωνof the unjustA1B GPM · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'of the unjust'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνθρώπωνmanN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
οὔτε γὰρ θεός ἐστιν πλὴν σοῦ ᾧ μέλει περὶ πάντων ἵνα δείξῃς ὅτι οὐκ ἀδίκως ἔκρινας
For there is no god besides you who cares for all things, so that you should show that you did not judge unjustly.
Because no other god bears care for all things, no one can prove God unjust in judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλὴνneverthelessD · πλήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'nevertheless'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοῦyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ᾧwho / whichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μέλειit mattersV1 PAI3S · μέλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμέλω: meaning 'it matters'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶforP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δείξῃςshowVA AAS2S · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδεικνύω: meaning 'show'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδίκωςunjustlyD · ἀδίκωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀδίκως: meaning 'unjustly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκριναςjudgedVAI AAI2S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω: meaning 'judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
οὔτε βασιλεὺς ἢ τύραννος ἀντοφθαλμῆσαι δυνήσεταί σοι περὶ ὧν ἐκόλασας
Nor will king or tyrant be able to look you in the face concerning those whom you punished.
Even political rulers cannot summon God to account over those he has punished.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τύραννοςtyrantN2 NSM · τύραννοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτύραννος: meaning 'tyrant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀντοφθαλμῆσαιto look in the faceVA AAN · ὀφθαλμέω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀφθαλμέω + ἀντι: meaning 'to look in the face'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δυνήσεταίwill be ableVF FMI3S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύναμαι: meaning 'will be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περὶforP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκόλασαςyou punishedVAI AAI2S · κολάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκολάζω: meaning 'you punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
δίκαιος δὲ ὢν δικαίως τὰ πάντα διέπεις αὐτὸν τὸν μὴ ὀφείλοντα κολασθῆναι καταδικάσαι ἀλλότριον ἡγούμενος τῆς σῆς δυνάμεως
But being righteous, you govern all things righteously, regarding it as alien to your power to condemn one who ought not to be punished.
God's righteousness governs his judgments: true power refuses arbitrary condemnation.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
δίκαιοςjustA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'just'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαίωςrighteouslyD · δικαίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδικαίως: meaning 'righteously'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διέπειςyou governV1 PAI2S · ἕπω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἕπω + δια: meaning 'you govern'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀφείλονταone owingV1 · παπασμ ὀφείλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ ὀφείλω: meaning 'one owing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κολασθῆναιto be punishedVS APN · κολάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκολάζω: meaning 'to be punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταδικάσαιto condemnVA AAN · δικάζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδικάζω + κατα: meaning 'to condemn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλότριονa strangerA1A ASM · ἀλλότριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'a stranger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡγούμενοςleaderV2 · πμπνσμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'leader'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῆςyourA1 GSF · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δυνάμεωςforceN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
ἡ γὰρ ἰσχύς σου δικαιοσύνης ἀρχή καὶ τὸ πάντων σε δεσπόζειν πάντων φείδεσθαί σε ποιεῖ
For your strength is the beginning of righteousness, and because you are Lord of all, it makes you spare all.
The text paradoxically roots mercy in sovereignty itself; because God rules all, he is free to spare.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύςarmy / forceN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀρχήarcheN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'arche'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάντωνall, everyA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all, every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δεσπόζεινto be lordV1 PAN · δεσπόζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδεσπόζω: meaning 'to be lord'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντωνall, everyA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all, every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φείδεσθαίto spareV1 PMN · φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφείδομαι: meaning 'to spare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιεῖmakesV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'makes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἰσχὺν γὰρ ἐνδείκνυσαι ἀπιστούμενος ἐπὶ δυνάμεως τελειότητι καὶ ἐν τοῖς εἰδόσι τὸ θράσος ἐξελέγχεις
For you show your strength when you are disbelieved concerning the perfection of your power, and among those who know it you expose boldness.
Divine strength is shown not by insecurity but by exposing presumption and unbelief.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἰσχὺνἰσχύςN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'ἰσχύς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδείκνυσαιyou displayV5 PMI2S · δεικνύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδεικνύω + ἐν: meaning 'you display'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπιστούμενοςbeing distrustedV2 · πμπνσμ ἀπιστέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἀπιστέω: meaning 'being distrusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δυνάμεωςforceN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τελειότητιperfectionN3T DSF · τελειότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτελειότης: meaning 'perfection'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδόσιthose knowingVX · χαπδπμ οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπδπμ οἶδα: meaning 'those knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θράσοςboldnessN3E ASN · θράσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθράσος: meaning 'boldness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξελέγχειςyou exposeV1 PAI2S · ἐλέγχω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐλέγχω + ἐκ: meaning 'you expose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
σὺ δὲ δεσπόζων ἰσχύος ἐν ἐπιεικείᾳ κρίνεις καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς φειδοῦς διοικεῖς ἡμᾶς πάρεστιν γάρ σοι ὅταν θέλῃς τὸ δύνασθαι
But you, master of might, judge with gentleness, and with great forbearance you govern us; for the power to act is present with you whenever you will.
The chapter names gentleness and forbearance as the proper exercise of strength held fully in reserve.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεσπόζωνmasterV1 · παπνσμ δεσπόζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δεσπόζω: meaning 'master'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπιεικείᾳgentlenessN1A DSF · ἐπιείκειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιείκεια: meaning 'gentleness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κρίνειςjudgeV1 PAI2S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολλῆςlargeA1 GSF · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'large'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φειδοῦςsparingN3 GSF · φειδώgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφειδώ: meaning 'sparing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διοικεῖςyou governV2 PAI2S · οἰκέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκέω + δια: meaning 'you govern'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάρεστινis presentV9 PAI3S · εἰμί + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί + παρα: meaning 'is present'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτανwheneverD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θέλῃςyou desireV1 PAS2S · θέλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyθέλω: meaning 'you desire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύνασθαιbe ableV6 PMN · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδύναμαι: meaning 'be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
ἐδίδαξας δέ σου τὸν λαὸν διὰ τῶν τοιούτων ἔργων ὅτι δεῖ τὸν δίκαιον εἶναι φιλάνθρωπον καὶ εὐέλπιδας ἐποίησας τοὺς υἱούς σου ὅτι διδοῖς ἐπὶ ἁμαρτήμασιν μετάνοιαν
By such works you taught your people that the righteous must be humane, and you made your children full of hope, because you give repentance for sins.
Israel learns from God's conduct that righteousness must be joined to philanthropy and hope in repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἐδίδαξαςyou taughtVAI AAI2S · διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδιδάσκω: meaning 'you taught'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοιούτωνsuchA1 GPN · τοιοῦτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔργωνworks / laboursN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεῖoughtV2 PAI3S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέω: meaning 'ought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶναιbeV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φιλάνθρωπονhumaneA1B ASM · φιλάνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφιλάνθρωπος: meaning 'humane'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐέλπιδαςhopefulA3 APM · εὔελπιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὔελπις: meaning 'hopeful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱούςsonN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διδοῖςyou giveV8 PAI2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'you give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτήμασινsinsN3M DPN · ἁμάρτημαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἁμάρτημα: meaning 'sins'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μετάνοιανrepentanceN1A ASF · μετάνοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμετάνοια: meaning 'repentance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
εἰ γὰρ ἐχθροὺς παίδων σου καὶ ὀφειλομένους θανάτῳ μετὰ τοσαύτης ἐτιμωρήσω προσοχῆς καὶ διέσεως δοὺς χρόνους καὶ τόπον δι' ὧν ἀπαλλαγῶσι τῆς κακίας
For if you punished with such attention and indulgence the enemies of your children, who were deserving of death, giving times and a place by which they might be set free from wickedness,
If even doomed enemies received attentive and spacious punishment, God's dealings with his covenant people must be even more exact and purposeful.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
εἰεἰC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'εἰ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχθροὺςfoesA1A APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'foes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παίδωνservant / childN3D GPM · παῖςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀφειλομένουςthose owingV1 · πμπαπμ ὀφείλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ὀφείλω: meaning 'those owing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θανάτῳdeathN2 DSM · θάνατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοσαύτηςsuch greatA1 GSF · τοσοῦτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτοσοῦτος: meaning 'such great'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐτιμωρήσωyou punishedVAI AMI2S · τιμωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτιμωρέω: meaning 'you punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσοχῆςattentionN1 GSF · προσοχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπροσοχή: meaning 'attention'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέσεωςindulgenceN3I GSF · δίεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίεσις: meaning 'indulgence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δοὺςgivingVO · ααπνσμ δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ δίδωμι: meaning 'giving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρόνουςtimesN2 APM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'times'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δι'because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπαλλαγῶσιthey might be set freeVD · αππδπμ ἀλλάσσω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππδπμ ἀλλάσσω + ἀπο: meaning 'they might be set free'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαςevilN1A GSF · κακίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
21
μετὰ πόσης ἀκριβείας ἔκρινας τοὺς υἱούς σου ὧν τοῖς πατράσιν ὅρκους καὶ συνθήκας ἔδωκας ἀγαθῶν ὑποσχέσεων
with how much exactness did you judge your children, to whose fathers you gave oaths and covenants of good promises.
The covenant promises given to the fathers deepen the precision and seriousness of God's judgments on his own children.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόσηςhow muchA1 GSF · πόσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόσος: meaning 'how much'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀκριβείαςexactnessN1A GSF · ἀκρίβειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκρίβεια: meaning 'exactness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔκριναςjudgedVAI AAI2S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω: meaning 'judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱούςsonN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατράσινpatrasinN3 DPM · πατήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: meaning 'patrasin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅρκουςorkosN2 APM · ὅρκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅρκος: meaning 'orkos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνθήκαςcovenantsN1 APF · συνθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυνθήκη: meaning 'covenants'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔδωκαςgiveVAI AAI2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθῶνagathonA1 GPN · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'agathon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑποσχέσεωνof promisesN3I GPF · ὑπόσχεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑπόσχεσις: meaning 'of promises'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
22
ἡμᾶς οὖν παιδεύων τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἡμῶν ἐν μυριότητι μαστιγοῖς ἵνα σου τὴν ἀγαθότητα μεριμνῶμεν κρίνοντες κρινόμενοι δὲ προσδοκῶμεν ἔλεος
Therefore, while disciplining us, you scourge our enemies in countless measure, so that, when we judge, we may ponder your goodness, and when we are judged, we may expect mercy.
God's differentiated treatment of Israel and its enemies trains his people to meditate on goodness and to expect mercy under discipline.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδεύωνdiscipliningV1 · παπνσμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ παιδεύω: meaning 'disciplining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςfoesA1A APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'foes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μυριότητιin countless measureN3T DSF · μυριότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμυριότης: meaning 'in countless measure'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μαστιγοῖςdo you scourgeV4 PAI2S · μαστιγόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμαστιγόω: meaning 'do you scourge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθότηταgoodnessN3T ASF · ἀγαθότηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθότης: meaning 'goodness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεριμνῶμενwe may ponderV3 PAS1P · μεριμνάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμεριμνάω: meaning 'we may ponder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίνοντεςjudgingV1 · παπνπμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ κρίνω: meaning 'judging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρινόμενοιbeing judgedV1 · πμπνπμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ κρίνω: meaning 'being judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσδοκῶμενwe may expectV2 PAS1P · δοκάω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδοκάω + προς: meaning 'we may expect'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔλεοςmercyN2 NSM · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
23
ὅθεν καὶ τοὺς ἐν ἀφροσύνῃ ζωῆς βιώσαντας ἀδίκως διὰ τῶν ἰδίων ἐβασάνισας βδελυγμάτων
Therefore also those who lived unjustly in a foolish life you tormented through their own abominations.
The discourse returns to the foolish and unjust, now stressing that their punishments corresponded to their own abominations.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅθενfrom where / whereverD · ὅθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅθεν: meaning 'from where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφροσύνῃby follyN1 DSF · ἀφροσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀφροσύνη: meaning 'by folly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βιώσανταςhaving livedVA · ααπαπμ βιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπαπμ βιόω: meaning 'having lived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδίκωςunjustlyD · ἀδίκωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀδίκως: meaning 'unjustly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδίωνtheir ownA1A GPN · ἴδιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἴδιος: meaning 'their own'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐβασάνισαςyou tormentedVAI AAI2S · βασανίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβασανίζω: meaning 'you tormented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βδελυγμάτωνabominationN3M GPN · βδέλυγμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24
καὶ γὰρ τῶν πλάνης ὁδῶν μακρότερον ἐπλανήθησαν θεοὺς ὑπολαμβάνοντες τὰ καὶ ἐν ζῴοις τῶν αἰσχρῶν ἄτιμα νηπίων δίκην ἀφρόνων ψευσθέντες
For they wandered farther along the paths of error, taking as gods even the most dishonorable animals among the vile, being deceived like foolish infants.
Their error is described as a deepening path of deception in which shameful animals were elevated to divine status.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάνηςof errorN1 GSF · πλάνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλάνη: meaning 'of error'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁδῶνwayN2 GPF · ὁδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μακρότερονfurtherA1A ASNC · μακρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμακρός: meaning 'further'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπλανήθησανthey were led astrayVCI API3P · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπλανάω: meaning 'they were led astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεοὺςGodN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπολαμβάνοντεςsupposingV1 · παπνπμ λαμβάνω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'supposing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ζῴοιςanimalsN2 DPN · ζῷονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceζῷον: meaning 'animals'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰσχρῶνshamefulA1A GPM · αἰσχρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰσχρός: meaning 'shameful'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄτιμαdishonorableA1B APN · ἄτιμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄτιμος: meaning 'dishonorable'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νηπίωνinfantsA1A GPM · νήπιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνήπιος: meaning 'infants'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δίκηνjusticeN1 ASF · δίκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκη: meaning 'justice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀφρόνωνfoolishA3N GPM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ψευσθέντεςhaving been deceivedVS · αππνπμ ψεύδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνπμ ψεύδω: meaning 'having been deceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
διὰ τοῦτο ὡς παισὶν ἀλογίστοις τὴν κρίσιν εἰς ἐμπαιγμὸν ἔπεμψας
Therefore, as to irrational children, you sent the judgment as a mockery.
The lighter judgment fits the childish irrationality of the offenders and exposes the ridicule built into their worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςwhenC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παισὶνservantN3D DPM · παῖςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλογίστοιςirrationalA1B DPM · ἀλόγιστοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλόγιστος: meaning 'irrational'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμπαιγμὸνmockeryN2 ASM · ἐμπαιγμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμπαιγμός: meaning 'mockery'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔπεμψαςsentVAI AAI2S · πέμπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπέμπω: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
οἱ δὲ παιγνίοις ἐπιτιμήσεως μὴ νουθετηθέντες ἀξίαν θεοῦ κρίσιν πειράσουσιν
But those who were not instructed by the playful rebuke of correction will experience a judgment worthy of God.
Those who refused the lighter correction move on to a more serious judgment truly worthy of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιγνίοιςplayful thingsN2N DPN · παίγνιονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαίγνιον: meaning 'playful things'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπιτιμήσεωςof rebukeN3I GSF · ἐπιτίμησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπιτίμησις: meaning 'of rebuke'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νουθετηθέντεςhaving been instructedVC · αππνπμ νουθετέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνπμ νουθετέω: meaning 'having been instructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀξίανworthyA1A ASF · ἄξιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πειράσουσινthey will experienceVF FAI3P · πειράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπειράζω: meaning 'they will experience'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
ἐφ' οἷς γὰρ αὐτοὶ πάσχοντες ἠγανάκτουν ἐπὶ τούτοις οὓς ἐδόκουν θεούς ἐν αὐτοῖς κολαζόμενοι ἰδόντες ὃν πάλαι ἠρνοῦντο εἰδέναι θεὸν ἐπέγνωσαν ἀληθῆ διὸ καὶ τὸ τέρμα τῆς καταδίκης ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἐπῆλθεν
For in the things over which they themselves suffered and were indignant, in these very things, punished through those they thought to be gods, when they saw the one whom formerly they kept refusing to know as God, they recognized the true God. Therefore the final end of condemnation came upon them.
The final stroke forces recognition: punished through the very things they deified, they finally acknowledge the true God as condemnation reaches its end.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἷςohisRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'ohis'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶyourselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'yourselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάσχοντεςsufferingV1 · παπνπμ πάσχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πάσχω: meaning 'suffering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἠγανάκτουνthey were indignantV2I IAI3P · ἀγανακτέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγανακτέω: meaning 'they were indignant'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τούτοιςthese thingsRD DPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐδόκουνthey thoughtV2I IAI3P · δοκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδοκέω: meaning 'they thought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεούςGodN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κολαζόμενοιbeing punishedV1 · πμπνπμ κολάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ κολάζω: meaning 'being punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰδόντεςseeVB · ααπνπμ ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάλαιlong agoD · πάλαιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλαι: meaning 'long ago'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠρνοῦντοthey kept refusingV2I IMI3P · ἀρνέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀρνέομαι: meaning 'they kept refusing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰδέναιto knowVX XAN · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἶδα: meaning 'to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπέγνωσανrecognizedVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'recognized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀληθῆtrueA3H ASM · ἀληθήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀληθής: meaning 'true'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διὸthereforeC · διόconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιὸ: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέρμαfinal endN3M NSN · τέρμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέρμα: meaning 'final end'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταδίκηςof condemnationN1 GSF · καταδίκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαταδίκη: meaning 'of condemnation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπῆλθενhas comeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'has come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.