1
διὰ τοῦτο δι' ὁμοίων ἐκολάσθησαν ἀξίως καὶ διὰ πλήθους κνωδάλων ἐβασανίσθησαν
For this reason they were justly punished by things like these and were tormented by a multitude of creeping creatures.
The chapter resumes the argument that fitting judgment answers sin with analogous instruments of punishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δι'because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁμοίωνlike thingsA1A GPN · ὅμοιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅμοιος: meaning 'like things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκολάσθησανthey were punishedVSI API3P · κολάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκολάζω: meaning 'they were punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀξίωςworthilyD · ἀξίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀξίως: meaning 'worthily'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κνωδάλωνof creeping creaturesN2N GPN · κνώδαλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκνώδαλον: meaning 'of creeping creatures'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐβασανίσθησανthey were tormentedVSI API3P · βασανίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβασανίζω: meaning 'they were tormented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
ἀνθ' ἧς κολάσεως εὐεργετήσας τὸν λαόν σου εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ὀρέξεως ξένην γεῦσιν τροφὴν ἡτοίμασας ὀρτυγομήτραν
Instead of that punishment, when you did good to your people, you prepared quail for a strange relish of appetite as food for their desire.
Against that punishment God benefits his own people by supplying an unexpected yet welcome food.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀνθ'ἀντίP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνθ': meaning 'ἀντί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κολάσεωςkolasisN3I GSF · κόλασιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκόλασις: meaning 'kolasis'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐεργετήσαςhaving benefitedVA · ααπνσμ εὐεργετέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ εὐεργετέω: meaning 'having benefited'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπιθυμίανdesireN1A ASF · ἐπιθυμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀρέξεωςof appetiteN3I GSF · ὄρεξιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄρεξις: meaning 'of appetite'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ξένηνstrangeA1 ASF · ξένοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationξένος: meaning 'strange'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γεῦσινtasteN3I ASF · γεῦσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγεῦσις: meaning 'taste'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τροφὴνprovisionsN1 ASF · τροφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροφή: meaning 'provisions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡτοίμασαςpreparedVAI AAI2S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀρτυγομήτρανquailN1A ASF · ὀρτυγομήτραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀρτυγομήτρα: meaning 'quail'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
ἵνα ἐκεῖνοι μὲν ἐπιθυμοῦντες τροφὴν διὰ τὴν εἰδέχθειαν τῶν ἐπαπεσταλμένων καὶ τὴν ἀναγκαίαν ὄρεξιν ἀποστρέφωνται αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐπ' ὀλίγον ἐνδεεῖς γενόμενοι καὶ ξένης μετάσχωσι γεύσεως
So that those people, although desiring food, might turn away even from necessary appetite because of the loathsomeness of the creatures sent upon them, while these, after being in need for a short time, might partake even of strange food.
The contrast is sharpened: the Egyptians are nauseated by the very things that punish them, while Israel receives unusual food as gift.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖνοιthose menRD NPM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκεῖνοι: meaning 'those men'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθυμοῦντεςἐπιθυμοῦντεςV4 · παπνπμ θυμόω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ θυμόω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπιθυμοῦντες'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τροφὴνprovisionsN1 ASF · τροφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροφή: meaning 'provisions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδέχθειανloathsomenessN1A ASF · εἰδέχθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἰδέχθεια: meaning 'loathsomeness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαπεσταλμένωνhaving been sent upon themVM · χμπγπμ στέλλω + ἐπι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπγπμ στέλλω + ἐπι + ἀπο: meaning 'having been sent upon them'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναγκαίανnecessaryA1A ASF · ἀναγκαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀναγκαῖος: meaning 'necessary'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὄρεξινappetiteN3I ASF · ὄρεξιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρεξις: meaning 'appetite'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποστρέφωνταιthey might turn awayV1 PMS3P · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'they might turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὶyourselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'yourselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀλίγονlittleA1 ASN · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνδεεῖςneedyA3H NPM · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'needy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γενόμενοιbecomeVB · αμπνπμ γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνπμ γίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ξένηςforeignA1 GSF · ξένοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationξένος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετάσχωσιthey might partakeVB AAS3P · ἔχω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔχω + μετα: meaning 'they might partake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γεύσεωςof tasteN3I GSF · γεῦσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγεῦσις: meaning 'of taste'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
ἔδει γὰρ ἐκείνοις μὲν ἀπαραίτητον ἔνδειαν ἐπελθεῖν τυραννοῦσιν τούτοις δὲ μόνον δειχθῆναι πῶς οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτῶν ἐβασανίζοντο
For it was necessary that unavoidable want should come upon those who tyrannized, but to these it was only to be shown how their enemies were being tormented.
The narrator states the principle explicitly: one side must undergo inevitable deprivation, the other only learn from the other's torment.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἔδειit was necessaryV2I IAI3S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέω: meaning 'it was necessary'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκείνοιςthoseRD DPM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐκείνοις: meaning 'those'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαραίτητονunavoidableA1B ASF · ἀπαραίτητοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπαραίτητος: meaning 'unavoidable'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔνδειανneedN1A ASF · ἔνδειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔνδεια: meaning 'need'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπελθεῖνto come uponVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'to come upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τυραννοῦσινto those tyrannizingV2 · παπδπμ τυραννέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ τυραννέω: meaning 'to those tyrannizing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τούτοιςthese thingsRD DPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μόνονμονονD · μόνονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμόνον: meaning 'μονον'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δειχθῆναιto be shownVC APN · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδεικνύω: meaning 'to be shown'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὶenemiesA1A NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐβασανίζοντοwere tormentedV1I IMI3P · βασανίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβασανίζω: meaning 'were tormented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
καὶ γὰρ ὅτε αὐτοῖς δεινὸς ἐπῆλθεν θηρίων θυμὸς δήγμασίν τε σκολιῶν διεφθείροντο ὄφεων οὐ μέχρι τέλους ἔμεινεν ἡ ὀργή σου
For indeed when a terrible anger of wild animals came upon them, and they were being destroyed by the bites of twisting serpents, your wrath did not remain to the end.
Israel's own affliction by serpents is recalled, yet with the key qualification that divine wrath did not run to final destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δεινὸςterribleA1 NSM · δεινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεινός: meaning 'terrible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπῆλθενhas comeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'has come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θηρίωνbeastsN2N GPN · θηρίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθηρίον: meaning 'beasts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δήγμασίνby bitesN3M DPN · δῆγμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδῆγμα: meaning 'by bites'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκολιῶνof twistingA1A GPM · σκολιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκολιός: meaning 'of twisting'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διεφθείροντοthey were being destroyedV1I IMI3P · φθείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφθείρω + δια: meaning 'they were being destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄφεωνserpentsN3I GPM · ὄφιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄφις: meaning 'serpents'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμέχρι: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλουςend / completionN3E GSN · τέλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔμεινενremainedVAI AAI3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμένω: meaning 'remained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργήorgeN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'orge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
εἰς νουθεσίαν δὲ πρὸς ὀλίγον ἐταράχθησαν σύμβολον ἔχοντες σωτηρίας εἰς ἀνάμνησιν ἐντολῆς νόμου σου
But they were troubled for a little while as a warning, having a symbol of salvation for remembrance of the commandment of your law.
The trouble is interpreted as brief and admonitory, with a saving symbol tied to covenant remembrance.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νουθεσίανadmonitionN1A ASF · νουθεσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνουθεσία: meaning 'admonition'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀλίγονlittleA1 ASN · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐταράχθησανwere troubledVQI API3P · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω: meaning 'were troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύμβολονsymbolN2N ASN · σύμβολονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύμβολον: meaning 'symbol'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχοντεςholdingV1 · παπνπμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἔχω: meaning 'holding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σωτηρίαςsalvationN1A GSF · σωτηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνάμνησινremembranceN3I ASF · ἀνάμνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνάμνησις: meaning 'remembrance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐντολῆςcommandN1 GSF · ἐντολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐντολή: meaning 'command'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
ὁ γὰρ ἐπιστραφεὶς οὐ διὰ τὸ θεωρούμενον ἐσῴζετο ἀλλὰ διὰ σὲ τὸν πάντων σωτῆρα
For the one who turned was being saved not by the thing beheld, but by you, the Savior of all.
The visible sign is subordinated to God himself; salvation comes from the Lord rather than from the object seen.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστραφεὶςthe one who turnedVD · αππνσμ στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ στρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'the one who turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεωρούμενονthe thing beheldV2 · πμπασν θεωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασν θεωρέω: meaning 'the thing beheld'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐσῴζετοwas being savedV1I IMI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσώζω: meaning 'was being saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σωτῆραsaviorN3H ASM · σωτήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτήρ: meaning 'savior'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δὲ ἔπεισας τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἡμῶν ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ ῥυόμενος ἐκ παντὸς κακοῦ
And in this also you convinced our enemies that you are the one who delivers from every evil.
Israel's healing becomes another public proof to the nations that God alone rescues from evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τούτῳto himRD DSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπεισαςyou convincedVAI AAI2S · πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπείθω: meaning 'you convinced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςfoesA1A APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'foes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶareV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥυόμενοςrescuerV1 · πμπνσμ ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ῥύομαι: meaning 'rescuer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςall / everyA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κακοῦof evilA1 GSN · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'of evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
οὓς μὲν γὰρ ἀκρίδων καὶ μυιῶν ἀπέκτεινεν δήγματα καὶ οὐχ εὑρέθη ἴαμα τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτῶν ὅτι ἄξιοι ἦσαν ὑπὸ τοιούτων κολασθῆναι
For the bites of locusts and flies killed those men, and no remedy was found for their life, because they were worthy to be punished by such things.
The contrast returns to the enemies: their wounds brought deserved death without remedy.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκρίδωνof locustsN3D GPF · ἀκρίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκρίς: meaning 'of locusts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μυιῶνof fliesN1A GPF · μυῖαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμυῖα: meaning 'of flies'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπέκτεινενkilledVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δήγματαbitesN3M APN · δῆγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδῆγμα: meaning 'bites'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρέθηfindVC API3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἴαμαhealingN3M NSN · ἴαμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴαμα: meaning 'healing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇthatRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξιοιworthyA1A NPM · ἄξιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοιούτωνsuchA1 GPN · τοιοῦτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κολασθῆναιto be punishedVS APN · κολάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκολάζω: meaning 'to be punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
τοὺς δὲ υἱούς σου οὐδὲ ἰοβόλων δρακόντων ἐνίκησαν ὀδόντες τὸ ἔλεος γάρ σου ἀντιπαρῆλθεν καὶ ἰάσατο αὐτούς
But the teeth of venomous dragons did not conquer your sons, for your mercy came to their aid and healed them.
By contrast, even deadly serpent-bites could not master God's children because mercy intervened.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱούςsonN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰοβόλωνvenom-spittingA1B GPM · ἰοβόλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰοβόλος: meaning 'venom-spitting'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δρακόντωνof serpents / dragonsN3 GPM · δράκωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδράκων: meaning 'of serpents'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνίκησανconqueredVAI AAI3P · νικάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνικάω: meaning 'conquered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀδόντεςteethN3 NPM · ὀδούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀδούς: meaning 'teeth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντιπαρῆλθενcame to the aidVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀντι παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἀντι παρα: meaning 'came to the aid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰάσατοyou will be healedVAI AMI3S · ἰάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἰάομαι: meaning 'you will be healed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
εἰς γὰρ ὑπόμνησιν τῶν λογίων σου ἐνεκεντρίζοντο καὶ ὀξέως διεσῴζοντο ἵνα μὴ εἰς βαθεῖαν ἐμπεσόντες λήθην ἀπερίσπαστοι γένωνται τῆς σῆς εὐεργεσίας
For they were being pricked as a reminder of your oracles and were quickly being saved, lest, after falling into deep forgetfulness, they should become cut off from your beneficence.
The quick rescue keeps the people from forgetfulness and binds memory to God's spoken oracles.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπόμνησινreminderN3I ASF · ὑπόμνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπόμνησις: meaning 'reminder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογίωνof oraclesN2N GPN · λόγιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγιον: meaning 'of oracles'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνεκεντρίζοντοthey were being prickedV1I IMI3P · κεντρίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκεντρίζω + ἐν: meaning 'they were being pricked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀξέωςοξεωςD · ὀξέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀξέως: meaning 'οξεως'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεσῴζοντοthey were being preservedV1I IMI3P · σώζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσώζω + δια: meaning 'they were being preserved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βαθεῖανdeepA3U ASF · βαθύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβαθύς: meaning 'deep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμπεσόντεςhaving fallen intoVF · φαπνπμ πίπτω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφαπνπμ πίπτω + ἐν: meaning 'having fallen into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λήθηνforgetfulnessN1 ASF · λήθηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλήθη: meaning 'forgetfulness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπερίσπαστοιcut off and distractedA1B NPM · ἀπερίσπαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπερίσπαστος: meaning 'cut off and distracted'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γένωνταιmay becomeVB AMS3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'may become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῆςyourA1 GSF · σόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐεργεσίαςbeneficenceN1A GSF · εὐεργεσίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐεργεσία: meaning 'beneficence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
καὶ γὰρ οὔτε βοτάνη οὔτε μάλαγμα ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτούς ἀλλὰ ὁ σός κύριε λόγος ὁ πάντας ἰώμενος
For neither herb nor poultice healed them, but your word, O Lord, which heals all things.
Human remedies are denied explanatory power so that God's healing word may stand alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοτάνηgrassN1 NSF · βοτάνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοτάνη: meaning 'grass'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάλαγμαpoulticeN3M NSN · μάλαγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάλαγμα: meaning 'poultice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐθεράπευσενhe healedVAI AAI3S · θεραπεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθεραπεύω: meaning 'he healed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σόςyour ownA1 NSM · σόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσός: meaning 'your own'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἰώμενοςhealingV3 · πμπνσμ ἰάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἰάομαι: meaning 'healing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
σὺ γὰρ ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου ἐξουσίαν ἔχεις καὶ κατάγεις εἰς πύλας ᾅδου καὶ ἀνάγεις
For you have authority over life and death, and you lead down to the gates of Hades and bring back up.
The logic broadens into a statement of God's rule over life, death, descent, and return.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'of death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξουσίανauthorityN1A ASF · ἐξουσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐξουσία: meaning 'authority'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχειςhaveV1 PAI2S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατάγειςyou lead downV1 PAI2S · ἄγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + κατα: meaning 'you lead down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πύλαςgateN1 APF · πύληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ᾅδουto HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾅδης: meaning 'to Hades'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάγειςyou lead upV1 PAI2S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'you lead up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
ἄνθρωπος δὲ ἀποκτέννει μὲν τῇ κακίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐξελθὸν δὲ πνεῦμα οὐκ ἀναστρέφει οὐδὲ ἀναλύει ψυχὴν παραλημφθεῖσαν
But a human being kills indeed by his own wickedness; yet he does not bring back a spirit that has gone out, nor does he release a life that has been taken.
Human killing power is exposed as asymmetrical: people can destroy, but they cannot restore life once lost.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἄνθρωποςanthroposN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'anthropos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκτέννειkillsV1 PAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'kills'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇthatRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίᾳwickedness / evilN1A DSF · κακίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξελθὸνhaving gone outVB · ααπασν ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασν ἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'having gone out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστρέφειἀναστρέφειV1 PAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀναστρέφει'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναλύειreleasesV1 PAI3S · λύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλύω + ἀνα: meaning 'releases'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παραλημφθεῖσανhaving been takenVV · αππασφ λαμβάνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππασφ λαμβάνω + παρα: meaning 'having been taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
τὴν δὲ σὴν χεῖρα φυγεῖν ἀδύνατόν ἐστιν
But to flee your hand is impossible.
The section closes by stating the impossibility of escaping God's effective hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὴνyourA1 ASF · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φυγεῖνto fleeVB AAN · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφεύγω: meaning 'to flee'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδύνατόνimpossibleA1B NSN · ἀδύνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδύνατος: meaning 'impossible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
ἀρνούμενοι γάρ σε εἰδέναι ἀσεβεῖς ἐν ἰσχύι βραχίονός σου ἐμαστιγώθησαν ξένοις ὑετοῖς καὶ χαλάζαις καὶ ὄμβροις διωκόμενοι ἀπαραιτήτοις καὶ πυρὶ καταναλισκόμενοι
For ungodly people, refusing to know you, were scourged by the strength of your arm, pursued by strange rains and hail and relentless storms, and consumed by fire.
The chapter returns to the ungodly and describes weather itself as an unrelenting instrument of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἀρνούμενοιrefusingV2 · πμπνπμ ἀρνέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἀρνέομαι: meaning 'refusing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰδέναιto knowVX XAN · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἶδα: meaning 'to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βραχίονόςof armN3N GSM · βραχίωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβραχίων: meaning 'of arm'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμαστιγώθησανwere scourgedVCI API3P · μαστιγόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμαστιγόω: meaning 'were scourged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ξένοιςforeignersA1 DPM · ξένοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceξένος: meaning 'foreigners'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑετοῖςby rainsN2 DPM · ὑετόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑετός: meaning 'by rains'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαλάζαιςby hailstonesN1A DPF · χάλαζαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχάλαζα: meaning 'by hailstones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄμβροιςby stormsN2 DPM · ὄμβροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄμβρος: meaning 'by storms'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διωκόμενοιbeing pursuedV1 · πμπνπμ διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ διώκω: meaning 'being pursued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπαραιτήτοιςrelentlessA1B DPM · ἀπαραίτητοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπαραίτητος: meaning 'relentless'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καταναλισκόμενοιbeing consumedV1 · πππνπμ ἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππνπμ ἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀνα: meaning 'being consumed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
τὸ γὰρ παραδοξότατον ἐν τῷ πάντα σβεννύντι ὕδατι πλεῖον ἐνήργει τὸ πῦρ ὑπέρμαχος γὰρ ὁ κόσμος ἐστὶν δικαίων
For most astonishingly, in the water that quenches everything, the fire had more effect, for the world is an ally in battle for the righteous.
The elements behave paradoxically because the created order itself fights on behalf of the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδοξότατονmost astonishinglyA1B NSNS · παράδοξοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράδοξος: meaning 'most astonishingly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σβεννύντιthat quenchesV5 · παπδσν σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσν σβέννυμι: meaning 'that quenches'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδατιwaterN3T DSN · ὕδωρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πλεῖονmoreA3C ASN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'more'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνήργειwas effectiveV2I IAI3S · ἐργέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐργέω + ἐν: meaning 'was effective'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπέρμαχοςally in battleN2 NSM · ὑπέρμαχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπέρμαχος: meaning 'ally in battle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόσμοςworldN2 NSM · κόσμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόσμος: meaning 'world'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαίωνof righteous peopleA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of righteous people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
ποτὲ μὲν γὰρ ἡμεροῦτο φλόξ ἵνα μὴ καταφλέξῃ τὰ ἐπ' ἀσεβεῖς ἀπεσταλμένα ζῷα ἀλλ' αὐτοὶ βλέποντες εἰδῶσιν ὅτι θεοῦ κρίσει ἐλαύνονται
For at one time the flame was tamed, so that it might not burn up the creatures sent against the ungodly, but so that they themselves, seeing it, might know that they were being pursued by the judgment of God.
Fire is at one moment restrained, not because it lacks force, but to make divine judgment intelligible to the wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ποτὲeverD · ποτέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποτὲ: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμεροῦτοwas tamedV4 IMI3S · ἡμερόομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἡμερόομαι: meaning 'was tamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φλόξflameN3G NSF · φλόξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφλόξ: meaning 'flame'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφλέξῃmight burn upVA AAS3S · φλέγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφλέγω + κατα: meaning 'might burn up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H APM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπεσταλμέναhaving been sent outVM · χμπαπν στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπν στέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'having been sent out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζῷαcreaturesN2N APN · ζῷονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζῷον: meaning 'creatures'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλ'ἀλλάC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'ἀλλά'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶyourselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'yourselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βλέποντεςseeV1 · παπνπμ βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ βλέπω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰδῶσινthey might knowVX XAS3P · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyοἶδα: meaning 'they might know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐλαύνονταιthey are being driven onV1 PMI3P · ἐλαύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐλαύνω: meaning 'they are being driven on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
ποτὲ δὲ καὶ μεταξὺ ὕδατος ὑπὲρ τὴν πυρὸς δύναμιν φλέγει ἵνα ἀδίκου γῆς γενήματα διαφθείρῃ
And at another time even in the midst of water it burns beyond the power of fire, so that it might destroy the produce of an unrighteous land.
At another moment fire exceeds its normal sphere in order to destroy the produce of unjust land.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ποτὲeverD · ποτέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποτὲ: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταξὺamongD · μεταξύadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμεταξὺ: meaning 'among'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπὲρunder / byP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δύναμινforceN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φλέγειit burnsV1 PAI3S · φλέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφλέγω: meaning 'it burns'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδίκουunrighteousA1B GSF · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unrighteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γενήματαproduceN3M APN · γένημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγένημα: meaning 'produce'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διαφθείρῃhe destroyV1 PAS3S · φθείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφθείρω + δια: meaning 'he destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ἀνθ' ὧν ἀγγέλων τροφὴν ἐψώμισας τὸν λαόν σου καὶ ἕτοιμον ἄρτον ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ παρέσχες αὐτοῖς ἀκοπιάτως πᾶσαν ἡδονὴν ἰσχύοντα καὶ πρὸς πᾶσαν ἁρμόνιον γεῦσιν
Instead of these things you fed your people with the food of angels, and you supplied them from heaven with ready bread without toil, having every delight and suited to every taste.
The scene turns from destructive elements to angelic bread given freely and fittingly to God's people.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἀνθ'ἀντίP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνθ': meaning 'ἀντί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwhich thingsRR GPN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγγέλωνangelN2 GPM · ἄγγελοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τροφὴνprovisionsN1 ASF · τροφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροφή: meaning 'provisions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐψώμισαςyou fedVAI AAI2S · ψωμίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristψωμίζω: meaning 'you fed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕτοιμονἕτοιμοςA1 ASM · ἕτοιμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἕτοιμος: meaning 'ἕτοιμος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄρτονbreadN2 ASM · ἄρτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρέσχεςyou suppliedVBI AAI2S · ἔχω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔχω + παρα: meaning 'you supplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀκοπιάτωςwithout toilD · ἀκοπιάστωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀκοπιάτως: meaning 'without toil'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡδονὴνἡδονὴνN1 ASF · ἡδονήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡδονή: meaning 'ἡδονὴν'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἰσχύονταmightyV1 · παπασμ ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ ἰσχύω: meaning 'mighty'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἁρμόνιονfittedA1B ASF · ἁρμόνιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁρμόνιος: meaning 'fitted'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γεῦσινtasteN3I ASF · γεῦσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγεῦσις: meaning 'taste'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
21
ἡ μὲν γὰρ ὑπόστασίς σου τὴν σὴν πρὸς τέκνα ἐνεφάνιζεν γλυκύτητα τῇ δὲ τοῦ προσφερομένου ἐπιθυμίᾳ ὑπηρετῶν πρὸς ὅ τις ἐβούλετο μετεκιρνᾶτο
For your substance manifested your sweetness toward your children, and, serving the desire of the one receiving it, it was blended into whatever each one wished.
Manna becomes a sign of God's fatherly sweetness, matching itself to the desire of each recipient.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπόστασίςsubstanceN3I NSF · ὑπόστασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπόστασις: meaning 'substance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὴνyourA1 ASF · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέκναchildN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνεφάνιζενwas making plainV1I IAI3S · φανίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφανίζω + ἐν: meaning 'was making plain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γλυκύτηταsweetnessN3T ASF · γλυκύτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλυκύτης: meaning 'sweetness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῇthatRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσφερομένουof the thing offeredV1 · πμπγσμ φέρω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ φέρω + προς: meaning 'of the thing offered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιθυμίᾳdesireN1A DSF · ἐπιθυμίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑπηρετῶνservingV2 · παπνσμ ἠρετέω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἠρετέω + ὑπο: meaning 'serving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὅwhichRR ASN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὅ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τιςsomeoneRI NSM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτις: meaning 'someone'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐβούλετοwas minded / willedV1I IMI3S · βούλομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβούλομαι: meaning 'was minded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετεκιρνᾶτοwas blended intoV3I IMI3S · κιρνάομαι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκιρνάομαι + μετα: meaning 'was blended into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
χιὼν δὲ καὶ κρύσταλλος ὑπέμεινε πῦρ καὶ οὐκ ἐτήκετο ἵνα γνῶσιν ὅτι τοὺς τῶν ἐχθρῶν καρποὺς κατέφθειρε πῦρ φλεγόμενον ἐν τῇ χαλάζῃ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὑετοῖς διαστράπτον
But snow and ice endured fire and did not melt, so that they might know that fire burning in the hail and flashing in the rains was destroying the crops of the enemies.
Snow and ice resist their normal dissolution in order to expose God's judgment on the enemies' crops.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
χιὼνsnowN3N NSF · χιώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχιών: meaning 'snow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρύσταλλοςiceN2 NSM · κρυστάλλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρυστάλλος: meaning 'ice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπέμεινεenduredVAI AAI3S · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'endured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτήκετοwas meltingV1I IMI3S · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτήκω: meaning 'was melting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶσινthey might knowVZ AAS3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγιγνώσκω: meaning 'they might know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρῶνenemyA1A GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καρποὺςfruitsN2 APM · καρπόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruits'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατέφθειρεwas destroyingV1I IAI3S · φθείρω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφθείρω + κατα: meaning 'was destroying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φλεγόμενονburningV1 · πμπασμ φλέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασμ φλέγω: meaning 'burning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇthatRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλάζῃin the hailN1A DSF · χάλαζαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχάλαζα: meaning 'in the hail'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑετοῖςin the rainsN2 DPM · ὑετόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑετός: meaning 'in the rains'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διαστράπτονflashing throughV1 · παπνσν στράπτω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσν στράπτω + δια: meaning 'flashing through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
τοῦτο πάλιν δ' ἵνα τραφῶσιν δίκαιοι καὶ τῆς ἰδίας ἐπιλέλησται δυνάμεως
But this again forgot its own power so that the righteous might be nourished.
The same creation sets aside its own force when the righteous need nourishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάλινpalinD · πάλινadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλιν: meaning 'palin'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δ'but / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τραφῶσινmight be nourishedVD APS3P · τρέφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτρέφω: meaning 'might be nourished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοιrighteousA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδίαςyour ownA1A GSF · ἴδιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἴδιος: meaning 'your own'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπιλέλησταιit forgotVT XMI3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'it forgot'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δυνάμεωςforceN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24
ἡ γὰρ κτίσις σοὶ τῷ ποιήσαντι ὑπηρετοῦσα ἐπιτείνεται εἰς κόλασιν κατὰ τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ ἀνίεται εἰς εὐεργεσίαν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐπὶ σοὶ πεποιθότων
For creation, serving you its maker, is stretched into severity against the unrighteous for punishment, and is relaxed into kindness for the good of those who trust in you.
The chapter offers its governing theology of nature: creation stretches or relaxes according to the maker's purpose in judgment and mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτίσιςNominal or adjectival form from κτίσις with the sense “creation” here.N3I NSF · κτίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκτίσις: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from κτίσις with the sense “creation” here.'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοὶsoiRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'soi'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιήσαντιthe one who madeVA · ααπδσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπδσμ ποιέω: meaning 'the one who made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπηρετοῦσαservingV2 · παπνσφ ἠρετέω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ ἠρετέω + ὑπο: meaning 'serving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιτείνεταιis stretchedV1 PMI3S · τείνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτείνω + ἐπι: meaning 'is stretched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κόλασινpunishmentN3I ASF · κόλασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκόλασις: meaning 'punishment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατὰoppositeP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδίκωνof the unjustA1B GPM · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'of the unjust'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνίεταιis relaxedV7 PMI3S · ἵημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵημι + ἀνα: meaning 'is relaxed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐεργεσίανbenefitN1A ASF · εὐεργεσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐεργεσία: meaning 'benefit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρunder / byP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶsoiRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'soi'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεποιθότωνthose who trustVX · χαπγπμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπγπμ πείθω: meaning 'those who trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τότε εἰς πάντα μεταλλευομένη τῇ παντοτρόφῳ σου δωρεᾷ ὑπηρέτει πρὸς τὴν τῶν δεομένων θέλησιν
Therefore at that time also, transformed in every way by your all-nourishing gift, it ministered to the will of those in need.
The divine gift is portrayed as versatile and responsive, serving the concrete needs of those who depend on it.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεταλλευομένηbeing transformedV1 · πμπνσφ μεταλλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ μεταλλεύω: meaning 'being transformed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇthatRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παντοτρόφῳall-nourishingA1B DSF · παντοτρόφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαντοτρόφος: meaning 'all-nourishing'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δωρεᾷgiftN1A DSF · δωρεάdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδωρεά: meaning 'gift'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑπηρέτειit ministeredV2 IAI3S · ἠρετέω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἠρετέω + ὑπο: meaning 'it ministered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεομένωνthose in needV2 · πμπγπμ δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ δέω: meaning 'those in need'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θέλησινwishN3I ASF · θέλησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθέλησις: meaning 'wish'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
26
ἵνα μάθωσιν οἱ υἱοί σου οὓς ἠγάπησας κύριε ὅτι οὐχ αἱ γενέσεις τῶν καρπῶν τρέφουσιν ἄνθρωπον ἀλλὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου τοὺς σοὶ πιστεύοντας διατηρεῖ
So that your children whom you loved, O Lord, might learn that it is not the productions of crops that nourish a human being, but your word preserves those who trust in you.
The manna teaches that life is sustained not by natural productivity alone but by the preserving word of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάθωσινthey may learnVB AAS3P · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμανθάνω: meaning 'they may learn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοίsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠγάπησαςyou lovedVAI AAI2S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'you loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενέσειςgeneration(s)N3I NPF · γένεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγένεσις: meaning 'generation(s)'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπῶνfruitsN2 GPM · καρπόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τρέφουσινnourishV1 PAI3P · τρέφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτρέφω: meaning 'nourish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμάwordN3M NSN · ῥῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοὶsoiRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'soi'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πιστεύονταςthose trustingV1 · παπαπμ πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ πιστεύω: meaning 'those trusting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διατηρεῖkeepsV2 PAI3S · τηρέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτηρέω + δια: meaning 'keeps'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
τὸ γὰρ ὑπὸ πυρὸς μὴ φθειρόμενον ἁπλῶς ὑπὸ βραχείας ἀκτῖνος ἡλίου θερμαινόμενον ἐτήκετο
For what was not destroyed by fire, when simply warmed by a slight ray of the sun, melted away.
The melting of the manna under sunlight turns miracle into instruction about timely gratitude.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φθειρόμενονbeing destroyedV1 · πμπνσν φθείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσν φθείρω: meaning 'being destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁπλῶςsimplyD · ἁπλῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἁπλῶς: meaning 'simply'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βραχείαςslightA3U GSF · βραχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβραχύς: meaning 'slight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀκτῖνοςrayN3 GSF · ἀκτίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκτίς: meaning 'ray'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡλίουηλιοςN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἥλιος: meaning 'ηλιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θερμαινόμενονbeing warmedV1 · πμπνσν θερμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσν θερμαίνω: meaning 'being warmed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐτήκετοwas meltingV1I IMI3S · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτήκω: meaning 'was melting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
ὅπως γνωστὸν ᾖ ὅτι δεῖ φθάνειν τὸν ἥλιον ἐπ' εὐχαριστίαν σου καὶ πρὸς ἀνατολὴν φωτὸς ἐντυγχάνειν σοι
So that it might be known that one must rise before the sun to give thanks to you and meet you at the dawning of the light.
Thanksgiving must meet God before ordinary activity begins, at the very dawning of light.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνωστὸνknownA1 NSN · γνωστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνωστός: meaning 'known'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾖeimiV9 PAS3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεῖoughtV2 PAI3S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέω: meaning 'ought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φθάνεινto rise beforeV1 PAN · φθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφθάνω: meaning 'to rise before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥλιονsunN2 ASM · ἥλιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐχαριστίανgratitudeN1A ASF · εὐχαριστίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐχαριστία: meaning 'gratitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνατολὴνdawningN1 ASF · ἀνατολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'dawning'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φωτὸςlightN3T GSN · φῶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐντυγχάνεινbring a complaintV1 PAN · τυγχάνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτυγχάνω + ἐν: meaning 'bring a complaint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
ἀχαρίστου γὰρ ἐλπὶς ὡς χειμέριος πάχνη τακήσεται καὶ ῥυήσεται ὡς ὕδωρ ἄχρηστον
For the hope of an ungrateful person will melt like winter frost and run away like useless water.
The chapter closes by contrasting grateful dependence with the melting, useless hope of the ungrateful.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀχαρίστουof the ungratefulA1B GSM · ἀχάριστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀχάριστος: meaning 'of the ungrateful'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλπὶςἐλπίςN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'ἐλπίς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςwhenC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χειμέριοςwintryA1B NSF · χειμέριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχειμέριος: meaning 'wintry'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πάχνηfrostN1 NSF · πάχνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπάχνη: meaning 'frost'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τακήσεταιmeltVF FMI3S · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτήκω: meaning 'melt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥυήσεταιwill run awayVF FMI3S · ῥυόμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥυόμαι: meaning 'will run away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςwhenC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄχρηστονuselessA1B NSN · ἄχρηστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄχρηστος: meaning 'useless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.