1
τοῖς δὲ ὁσίοις σου μέγιστον ἦν φῶς ὧν φωνὴν μὲν ἀκούοντες μορφὴν δὲ οὐχ ὁρῶντες ὅτι μὲν οὐ κἀκεῖνοι ἐπεπόνθεισαν ἐμακάριζον
But for your holy ones there was very great light; and while the others heard their voice but did not see their form, they counted them blessed because they too had not suffered.
The chapter opens by setting the holy ones in light and safety over against the sensory deprivation of their enemies.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁσίοιςto holy onesA1A DPM · ὅσιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅσιος: meaning 'to holy ones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μέγιστονvery greatA1 NSNS · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'very great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἦνthere wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'there was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούοντεςhearingV1 · παπνπμ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἀκούω: meaning 'hearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μορφὴνgood appearanceN1 ASF · μορφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμορφή: meaning 'good appearance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁρῶντεςseeingV3 · παπνπμ ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ὁράω: meaning 'seeing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κἀκεῖνοιand thoseC+RDNPM · καί̈ἐκεῖνοςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἀκεῖνοι: meaning 'and those'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεπόνθεισανhad sufferedVXI YAI3P · πάσχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπάσχω: meaning 'had suffered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμακάριζονthey counted blessedV1I IAI3P · μακαρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμακαρίζω: meaning 'they counted blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
ὅτι δ' οὐ βλάπτουσιν προηδικημένοι ηὐχαρίστουν καὶ τοῦ διενεχθῆναι χάριν ἐδέοντο
And because those whom they had earlier wronged were not harming them, they gave thanks and begged pardon for their hostility.
The Egyptians are forced into a posture of gratitude toward those whom they had previously wronged, acknowledging a moral reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δ'but / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βλάπτουσινthey are harmingV1 PAI3P · βλάπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβλάπτω: meaning 'they are harming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προηδικημένοιhaving been wronged beforeVM · χμπνπμ ἀδικέω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ ἀδικέω + προ: meaning 'having been wronged before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ηὐχαρίστουνthey gave thanksV2I IAI3P · εὐχαριστέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐχαριστέω: meaning 'they gave thanks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διενεχθῆναιfor having been at oddsVQ APN · φέρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφέρω + δια: meaning 'for having been at odds'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάρινreasonN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'reason'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐδέοντοwere imploringV2I IMI3P · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέω: meaning 'were imploring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
ἀνθ' ὧν πυριφλεγῆ στῦλον ὁδηγὸν μὲν ἀγνώστου ὁδοιπορίας ἥλιον δὲ ἀβλαβῆ φιλοτίμου ξενιτείας παρέσχες
Instead of these things you provided a flaming pillar as guide for an unknown journey, and a harmless sun for honorable exile.
God answers Egypt's darkness with luminous guidance for Israel, turning judgment on one side into benefaction on the other.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀνθ'ἀντίP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνθ': meaning 'ἀντί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πυριφλεγῆflaming with fireA3H ASM · πυριφλεγήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπυριφλεγής: meaning 'flaming with fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στῦλονstylonN2 ASM · στῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστῦλος: meaning 'stylon'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁδηγὸνguideN2 ASM · ὁδηγόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδηγός: meaning 'guide'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγνώστουunknownA1B GSF · ἄγνωστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄγνωστος: meaning 'unknown'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁδοιπορίαςthe marchingN1A GSF · ὁδοιπορίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδοιπορία: meaning 'the marching'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἥλιονsunN2 ASM · ἥλιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀβλαβῆharmlessA3H ASM · ἀβλαβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀβλαβής: meaning 'harmless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φιλοτίμουeagerA1B GSF · φιλότιμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφιλότιμος: meaning 'eager'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ξενιτείαςof exileN1A GSF · ξενιτείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationξενιτεία: meaning 'of exile'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρέσχεςyou suppliedVBI AAI2S · ἔχω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔχω + παρα: meaning 'you supplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ἄξιοι μὲν γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι στερηθῆναι φωτὸς καὶ φυλακισθῆναι σκότει οἱ κατακλείστους φυλάξαντες τοὺς υἱούς σου δι' ὧν ἤμελλεν τὸ ἄφθαρτον νόμου φῶς τῷ αἰῶνι δίδοσθαι
For they were worthy to be deprived of light and imprisoned in darkness, those who had kept your sons shut up, through whom the imperishable light of the law was about to be given to the age.
The deprivation of light is declared fitting because Egypt attempted to imprison the very people through whom the law's light would enter history.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἄξιοιworthyA1A NPM · ἄξιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖνοιthose menRD NPM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκεῖνοι: meaning 'those men'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
στερηθῆναιto be deprivedVC APN · στερέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementστερέω: meaning 'to be deprived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωτὸςlightN3T GSN · φῶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλακισθῆναιto be imprisonedVS APN · φυλακίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφυλακίζομαι: meaning 'to be imprisoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκότειdarknessN3E DSN · σκότοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακλείστουςshut upA1B APM · κατάκλειστοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκατάκλειστος: meaning 'shut up'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φυλάξαντεςhaving keptVA · ααπνπμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'having kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱούςsonN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δι'because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἤμελλενwas aboutV1I IAI3S · μέλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμέλλω: meaning 'was about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄφθαρτονimperishableA1B NSN · ἄφθαρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφθαρτος: meaning 'imperishable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνιto the ageN3W DSM · αἰώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἰών: meaning 'to the age'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δίδοσθαιbe givenV8 PMN · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'be given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
βουλευσαμένους δ' αὐτοὺς τὰ τῶν ὁσίων ἀποκτεῖναι νήπια καὶ ἑνὸς ἐκτεθέντος τέκνου καὶ σωθέντος εἰς ἔλεγχον τὸ αὐτῶν ἀφείλω πλῆθος τέκνων καὶ ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἀπώλεσας ἐν ὕδατι σφοδρῷ
And when they had resolved to kill the holy infants, and one child had been exposed and then saved for reproof, you took away their multitude of children and destroyed them together in mighty water.
The slaughter of Egypt's children answers their own murderous counsel against holy infants in a tightly reciprocal act of justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
βουλευσαμένουςhaving resolvedVA · αμπαπμ βουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπαπμ βουλεύω: meaning 'having resolved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δ'but / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁσίωνholy onesA1A GPM · ὅσιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅσιος: meaning 'holy ones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποκτεῖναιkillVA AAN · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νήπιαinfantsA1A APN · νήπιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνήπιος: meaning 'infants'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑνὸςoneA3 GSN · εἷςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκτεθέντοςhaving been exposedVC · αππγσν τίθημι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππγσν τίθημι + ἐκ: meaning 'having been exposed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τέκνουof childN2N GSN · τέκνονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέκνον: meaning 'of child'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωθέντοςhaving been savedVC · αππγσν σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππγσν σώζω: meaning 'having been saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔλεγχονrebukeN2 ASM · ἔλεγχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεγχος: meaning 'rebuke'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφείλωyou took awayVBI AMI2S · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'you took away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τέκνωνchildrenN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλεσαςyou destroyedVAI AAI2S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'you destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕδατιwaterN3T DSN · ὕδωρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σφοδρῷmightyA1A DSN · σφοδρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσφοδρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
6
ἐκείνη ἡ νὺξ προεγνώσθη πατράσιν ἡμῶν ἵνα ἀσφαλῶς εἰδότες οἷς ἐπίστευσαν ὅρκοις ἐπευθυμήσωσιν
That night was made known beforehand to our fathers, so that, knowing securely the oaths in which they had trusted, they might take courage.
The exodus night is framed as covenantally anticipated so that trust in the fathers' oaths might become courageous expectation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐκείνηthatRD NSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκείνη: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νὺξnightN3 NSF · νύξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
προεγνώσθηwas made known beforehandVSI API3S · γιγνώσκω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω + προ: meaning 'was made known beforehand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατράσινpatrasinN3 DPM · πατήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: meaning 'patrasin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσφαλῶςsecurelyD · ἀσφαλῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀσφαλῶς: meaning 'securely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰδότεςtrained inVX · χαπνπμ οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ οἶδα: meaning 'trained in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἷςohisRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'ohis'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπίστευσανthey believedVAI AAI3P · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπιστεύω: meaning 'they believed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅρκοιςoathsN2 DPM · ὅρκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅρκος: meaning 'oaths'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπευθυμήσωσινthey might take courageVA AAS3P · εὐθυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὐθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'they might take courage'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
προσεδέχθη ὑπὸ λαοῦ σου σωτηρία μὲν δικαίων ἐχθρῶν δὲ ἀπώλεια
It was expected by your people as salvation for the righteous and destruction for the enemies.
The same night is summarized as salvation for the righteous and destruction for enemies, compressing the chapter's governing polarity.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
προσεδέχθηwas expectedVQI API3S · δέχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'was expected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σωτηρίαsalvationN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίωνof righteous peopleA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of righteous people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐχθρῶνenemyA1A GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλειαdestructionN1A NSF · ἀπώλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
8
ᾧ γὰρ ἐτιμωρήσω τοὺς ὑπεναντίους τούτῳ ἡμᾶς προσκαλεσάμενος ἐδόξασας
For by the very thing with which you punished the adversaries, by this same thing, when you called us, you glorified us.
The very instrument of punishment becomes the means by which God's people are called and glorified.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ᾧwho / whichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτιμωρήσωyou punishedVAI AMI2S · τιμωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτιμωρέω: meaning 'you punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπεναντίουςadversariesA1A APM · ὑπεναντίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπεναντίος: meaning 'adversaries'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τούτῳto himRD DSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσκαλεσάμενοςsummonedVA · αμπνσμ καλέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ καλέω + προς: meaning 'summoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐδόξασαςἐδόξασαςVAI AAI2S · δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδοξάζω: meaning 'ἐδόξασας'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
κρυφῇ γὰρ ἐθυσίαζον ὅσιοι παῖδες ἀγαθῶν καὶ τὸν τῆς θειότητος νόμον ἐν ὁμονοίᾳ διέθεντο τῶν αὐτῶν ὁμοίως καὶ ἀγαθῶν καὶ κινδύνων μεταλήμψεσθαι τοὺς ἁγίους πατέρων ἤδη προαναμέλποντες αἴνους
For in secret the holy children of the good were offering sacrifice, and with one accord they enacted the divine law that the saints should share alike both the good things and the dangers, already singing beforehand the praises of the fathers.
The holy community responds not with panic but with hidden sacrifice, common resolve, and anticipatory praise grounded in covenant fellowship.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
κρυφῇkryphῇD · κρυφῇadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκρυφῇ: meaning 'kryphῇ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθυσίαζονwere sacrificingV1I IAI3P · θυσιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθυσιάζω: meaning 'were sacrificing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅσιοιholyA1A NPM · ὅσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθῶνgood thingsA1 GPM · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θειότητοςof divinityN3T GSF · θειότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθειότης: meaning 'of divinity'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁμονοίᾳagreementN1A DSF · ὁμόνοιαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁμόνοια: meaning 'agreement'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διέθεντοmake peaceVEI AMI3P · τίθημι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι + δια: meaning 'make peace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁμοίωςlikewiseD · ὁμοίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοίως: meaning 'likewise'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθῶνgood thingsA1 GPM · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κινδύνωνdangersN2 GPM · κίνδυνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκίνδυνος: meaning 'dangers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεταλήμψεσθαιto share inVF FMN · λαμβάνω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementλαμβάνω + μετα: meaning 'to share in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουςholy onesA1A APM · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy ones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἤδη: meaning 'already'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προαναμέλποντεςsinging beforehandV1 · παπνπμ μέλπω + προ + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ μέλπω + προ + ἀνα: meaning 'singing beforehand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἴνουςpraisesN2 APM · αἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἶνος: meaning 'praises'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
ἀντήχει δ' ἀσύμφωνος ἐχθρῶν ἡ βοή καὶ οἰκτρὰ διεφέρετο φωνὴ θρηνουμένων παίδων
But the discordant cry of enemies echoed back, and the pitiable voice of those lamenting for their children was carried abroad.
Egypt's side of the night is heard as disorderly grief, the inverse of Israel's hidden liturgy.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀντήχειechoed backV2 IAI3S · ἠχέω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἠχέω + ἀντι: meaning 'echoed back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δ'but / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσύμφωνοςdiscordantA1B NSF · ἀσύμφωνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσύμφωνος: meaning 'discordant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐχθρῶνenemyA1A GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοήclamorN1 NSF · βοήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοή: meaning 'clamor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκτρὰpitiableA1A NSF · οἰκτρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰκτρός: meaning 'pitiable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διεφέρετοwas carried abroadV1I IMI3S · φέρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφέρω + δια: meaning 'was carried abroad'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνὴvoiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θρηνουμένωνof those lamentingV2 · πμπγπμ θρηνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ θρηνέω: meaning 'of those lamenting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παίδωνservant / childN3D GPM · παῖςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
ὁμοίᾳ δὲ δίκῃ δοῦλος ἅμα δεσπότῃ κολασθεὶς καὶ δημότης βασιλεῖ τὰ αὐτὰ πάσχων
By the same judgment slave with master was punished together, and commoner suffered the same things as king.
Judgment flattens social hierarchy so that slave and ruler alike undergo the same sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁμοίᾳsameA1A DSF · ὅμοιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅμοιος: meaning 'same'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκῃwith justice / punishmentN1 DSF · δίκηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκη: meaning 'with justice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δοῦλοςservant / slaveN2 NSM · δοῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅμαas soon asD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'as soon as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεσπότῃMasterN1M DSM · δεσπότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεσπότης: meaning 'Master'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κολασθεὶςhaving been punishedVS · αππνσμ κολάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ κολάζω: meaning 'having been punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δημότηςcommonerN1M NSM · δημότηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδημότης: meaning 'commoner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὰaytaRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'ayta'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάσχωνsufferingV1 · παπνσμ πάσχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ πάσχω: meaning 'suffering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ὁμοθυμαδὸν δὲ πάντες ἐν ἑνὶ ὀνόματι θανάτου νεκροὺς εἶχον ἀναριθμήτους οὐδὲ γὰρ πρὸς τὸ θάψαι οἱ ζῶντες ἦσαν ἱκανοί ἐπεὶ πρὸς μίαν ῥοπὴν ἡ ἐντιμοτέρα γένεσις αὐτῶν διέφθαρτο
And all together under one name of death held innumerable dead; for the living were not even sufficient to bury them, since in one moment their noblest offspring had been destroyed.
The scale and suddenness of death exceed even the survivors' capacity to bury their own, underscoring total catastrophe.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἑνὶintoA3 DSN · εἷςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἷς: meaning 'into'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'of death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νεκροὺςdeadN2 APM · νεκρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεκρός: meaning 'dead'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶχονhadV1I IAI3P · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'had'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀναριθμήτουςcountlessA1B APM · ἀναρίθμητοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀναρίθμητος: meaning 'countless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάψαιto buryVA AAN · θάπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementθάπτω: meaning 'to bury'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῶντεςliveV3 · παπνπμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ζάω: meaning 'live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἱκανοίcapableA1 NPM · ἱκανόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱκανός: meaning 'capable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπεὶwhenC · ἐπείconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπεὶ: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μίανoneA1A ASF · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ measure or countμίαν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ῥοπὴνturnN1 ASF · ῥοπήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥοπή: meaning 'turn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντιμοτέραnoblestA1B NSF · ἔντιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔντιμος: meaning 'noblest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γένεσιςoffspringN3I NSF · γένεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγένεσις: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διέφθαρτοhad been destroyedVPI YMI3S · φθείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφθείρω + δια: meaning 'had been destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
πάντα γὰρ ἀπιστοῦντες διὰ τὰς φαρμακείας ἐπὶ τῷ τῶν πρωτοτόκων ὀλέθρῳ ὡμολόγησαν θεοῦ υἱὸν λαὸν εἶναι
For while they were still disbelieving everything because of their sorceries, at the destruction of the firstborn they confessed that the people was God's son.
The death of the firstborn compels the confession that Israel truly is God's son, even from those who had trusted in sorcery.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπιστοῦντεςdistrustV2 · παπνπμ ἀπιστέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἀπιστέω: meaning 'distrust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φαρμακείαςsorceriesN1A APF · φαρμακίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφαρμακία: meaning 'sorceries'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωτοτόκωνof the firstbornA1B GPN · πρωτότοκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρωτότοκος: meaning 'of the firstborn'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀλέθρῳat the destructionN2 DSM · ὄλεθροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄλεθρος: meaning 'at the destruction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡμολόγησανthey confessedVAI AAI3P · ὁμολογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁμολογέω: meaning 'they confessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶναιbeV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
ἡσύχου γὰρ σιγῆς περιεχούσης τὰ πάντα καὶ νυκτὸς ἐν ἰδίῳ τάχει μεσαζούσης
For while quiet silence encompassed everything, and night in its own swift course was half spent,
The scene slows into midnight stillness so that the descent of divine judgment can be imagined with heightened solemnity.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἡσύχουquietA1B GSF · ἥσυχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἥσυχος: meaning 'quiet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σιγῆςsilenceN1 GSF · σιγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσιγή: meaning 'silence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
περιεχούσηςencompassingV1 · παπγσφ ἔχω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσφ ἔχω + περι: meaning 'encompassing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νυκτὸςνυξN3 GSF · νύξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνύξ: meaning 'νυξ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἰδίῳits ownA1A DSN · ἴδιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἴδιος: meaning 'its own'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τάχειcourseA3U DSN · ταχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταχύς: meaning 'course'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μεσαζούσηςbeing halfway throughV1 · παπγσφ μεσάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσφ μεσάζω: meaning 'being halfway through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
ὁ παντοδύναμός σου λόγος ἀπ' οὐρανῶν ἐκ θρόνων βασιλείων ἀπότομος πολεμιστὴς εἰς μέσον τῆς ὀλεθρίας ἥλατο γῆς ξίφος ὀξὺ τὴν ἀνυπόκριτον ἐπιταγήν σου φέρων
your all-powerful word leapt from heaven, from the royal thrones, as a stern warrior into the midst of the doomed land, bearing the sharp sword of your unfeigned command.
God's word is personified as a warrior descending from the heavenly throne to execute the kingly decree in the doomed land.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παντοδύναμόςall-powerfulA1B NSM · παντοδύναμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαντοδύναμος: meaning 'all-powerful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐρανῶνheavenN2 GPM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρόνωνto thronesN2 GPM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'to thrones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασιλείωνroyalA1A GPM · βασίλειοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασίλειος: meaning 'royal'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπότομοςsternA1B NSM · ἀπότομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπότομος: meaning 'stern'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολεμιστὴςwarriors / fighting menN1M NSM · πολεμιστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολεμιστής: meaning 'warriors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀλεθρίαςdoomedA1A GSF · ὀλέθριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀλέθριος: meaning 'doomed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἥλατοleaptVAI AMI3S · ἅλλομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἅλλομαι: meaning 'leapt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ξίφοςswordN3E ASN · ξίφοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationξίφος: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀξὺsharpA3U ASN · ὀξύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀξύς: meaning 'sharp'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνυπόκριτονimpartialA1B ASF · ἀνυπόκριτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνυπόκριτος: meaning 'impartial'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιταγήνcommandN1 ASF · ἐπιταγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιταγή: meaning 'command'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φέρωνbringV1 · παπνσμ φέρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ φέρω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
καὶ στὰς ἐπλήρωσεν τὰ πάντα θανάτου καὶ οὐρανοῦ μὲν ἥπτετο βεβήκει δ' ἐπὶ γῆς
And standing there it filled all things with death, and while it touched heaven it had stepped upon earth.
The warrior-word spans heaven and earth and saturates the whole scene with death, emphasizing cosmic authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στὰςhaving arisenVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵστημι: meaning 'having arisen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπλήρωσενfulfilledVAI AAI3S · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληρόω: meaning 'fulfilled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'of death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥπτετοtouchedV1I IMI3S · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἅπτομαι: meaning 'touched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βεβήκειhad steppedVX YAI3S · βαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω: meaning 'had stepped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δ'but / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
τότε παραχρῆμα φαντασίαι μὲν ὀνείρων δεινῶν ἐξετάραξαν αὐτούς φόβοι δὲ ἐπέστησαν ἀδόκητοι
Then immediately visions of dreadful dreams troubled them, and unexpected fears came upon them.
Dreams and fear interpret the plague from within, as the psyche itself is seized by divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραχρῆμαimmediatelyD · παραχρῆμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπαραχρῆμα: meaning 'immediately'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαντασίαιvisionsN1A NPF · φαντασίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφαντασία: meaning 'visions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνείρωνof dreamsN2 GPM · ὄνειροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄνειρος: meaning 'of dreams'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δεινῶνdreadfulA1 GPM · δεινόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεινός: meaning 'dreadful'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξετάραξανtroubled greatlyVAI AAI3P · ταράσσω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω + ἐκ: meaning 'troubled greatly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φόβοιfearsN2 NPM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fears'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστησανthey set up / placed overVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'they set up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδόκητοιunexpectedA1B NPM · ἀδόκητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδόκητος: meaning 'unexpected'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
18
καὶ ἄλλος ἀλλαχῇ ῥιφεὶς ἡμίθνητος δι' ἣν ἔθνῃσκον αἰτίαν ἐνεφάνιζεν
And one here, another there, thrown down half-dead, made known the reason for which they were dying.
The dying themselves become unwilling witnesses, indicating the cause of the catastrophe as they fall.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄλλοςotherRD NSM · ἄλλοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἄλλος: meaning 'other'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀλλαχῇin another placeN1 DSF · ἀλλαχῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλλαχῆ: meaning 'in another place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ῥιφεὶςhaving been thrown downVD · αππνσμ ῥίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ ῥίπτω: meaning 'having been thrown down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμίθνητοςhalf-deadA1B NSM · ἡμίθνητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμίθνητος: meaning 'half-dead'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δι'because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἣνwhichRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθνῃσκονthey were dyingV1I IAI3P · θνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθνήσκω: meaning 'they were dying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰτίανreasonN1A ASF · αἰτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰτία: meaning 'reason'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνεφάνιζενwas making plainV1I IAI3S · φανίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφανίζω + ἐν: meaning 'was making plain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
οἱ γὰρ ὄνειροι θορυβήσαντες αὐτοὺς τοῦτο προεμήνυσαν ἵνα μὴ ἀγνοοῦντες δι' ὃ κακῶς πάσχουσιν ἀπόλωνται
For the dreams that had disturbed them had foretold this, lest, perishing without understanding, they should be ignorant of why they suffered evil.
The dreams are retrospectively explained as merciful warnings, so that the sufferers would not perish without understanding.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνειροιdreamsN2 NPM · ὄνειροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνειρος: meaning 'dreams'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θορυβήσαντεςhaving disturbedVA · ααπνπμ θορυβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ θορυβέω: meaning 'having disturbed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προεμήνυσανforetoldVAI AAI3P · μηνύω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμηνύω + προ: meaning 'foretold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγνοοῦντεςbeing ignorantV2 · παπνπμ ἀγνοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἀγνοέω: meaning 'being ignorant'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δι'because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὃwho / whichRR ASN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κακῶςwickedlyD · κακῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκακῶς: meaning 'wickedly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσχουσινthey sufferV1 PAI3P · πάσχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπάσχω: meaning 'they suffer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπόλωνταιollyo apoVB AMS3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'ollyo apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ἥψατο δὲ καὶ δικαίων πεῖρα θανάτου καὶ θραῦσις ἐν ἐρήμῳ ἐγένετο πλήθους ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπὶ πολὺ ἔμεινεν ἡ ὀργή
But the trial of death touched even the righteous, and a shattering of the multitude occurred in the wilderness, but the wrath did not remain for long.
The focus shifts to Israel's own brush with death, clarifying that divine wrath may touch the righteous yet does not rest there permanently.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἥψατοtouchVAI AMI3S · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἅπτομαι: meaning 'touch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίωνof righteous peopleA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of righteous people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πεῖραtrialN1A NSF · πεῖραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπεῖρα: meaning 'trial'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'of death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θραῦσιςshatteringN3I NSF · θραῦσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθραῦσις: meaning 'shattering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐρήμῳἐρῆμοςN2 DSF · ἐρῆμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐρῆμος: meaning 'ἐρῆμος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐγένετοthere aroseVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'there arose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλλ'ἀλλάC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'ἀλλά'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολὺmuchA1P ASN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔμεινενremainedVAI AAI3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμένω: meaning 'remained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργήorgeN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'orge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
21
σπεύσας γὰρ ἀνὴρ ἄμεμπτος προεμάχησεν τὸ τῆς ἰδίας λειτουργίας ὅπλον προσευχὴν καὶ θυμιάματος ἐξιλασμὸν κομίσας ἀντέστη τῷ θυμῷ καὶ πέρας ἐπέθηκε τῇ συμφορᾷ δεικνὺς ὅτι σός ἐστιν θεράπων
For a blameless man hurried forward and fought in advance, bringing the weapon of his own ministry, prayer and the propitiation of incense; he withstood the wrath and set a limit to the calamity, showing that he was your servant.
The blameless servant halts wrath not by violence but by liturgical service, prayer, and atoning incense.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
σπεύσαςhurryingVA · ααπνσμ σπεύδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ σπεύδω: meaning 'hurrying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄμεμπτοςblamelessA1B NSM · ἄμεμπτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄμεμπτος: meaning 'blameless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
προεμάχησενfought in advanceVAI AAI3S · μαχέω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμαχέω + προ: meaning 'fought in advance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδίαςyour ownA1A GSF · ἴδιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἴδιος: meaning 'your own'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λειτουργίαςservicesN1A GSF · λειτουργίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλειτουργία: meaning 'services'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅπλονweaponN2N ASN · ὅπλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅπλον: meaning 'weapon'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
προσευχὴνprayerN1 ASF · προσευχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμιάματοςof incenseN3M GSN · θυμίαμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυμίαμα: meaning 'of incense'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξιλασμὸνatonementN2 ASM · ἐξιλασμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐξιλασμός: meaning 'atonement'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κομίσαςbringingVA · ααπνσμ κομίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ κομίζω: meaning 'bringing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀντέστηstood againstVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'stood against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμῷθυμόςN2 DSM · θυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέραςendN3T NSN · πέραςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπέρας: meaning 'end'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπέθηκεsetVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇthatRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμφορᾷto misfortuneN1A DSF · συμφοράdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυμφορά: meaning 'to misfortune'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δεικνὺςshowingV5 · παπνσμ δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δεικνύω: meaning 'showing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σόςyour ownA1 NSM · σόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσός: meaning 'your own'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεράπωνattendantN3W NSM · θεράπωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεράπων: meaning 'attendant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
22
ἐνίκησεν δὲ τὸν χόλον οὐκ ἰσχύι τοῦ σώματος οὐχ ὅπλων ἐνεργείᾳ ἀλλὰ λόγῳ τὸν κολάζοντα ὑπέταξεν ὅρκους πατέρων καὶ διαθήκας ὑπομνήσας
And he conquered the anger not by bodily strength nor by the force of weapons, but by his word he subdued the punisher, calling to mind the oaths and covenants of the fathers.
The servant's victory lies in verbal and covenantal appeal, not in physical force, recalling the fathers' sworn promises.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐνίκησενconquerVAI AAI3S · νικάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνικάω: meaning 'conquer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χόλονangerN2 ASM · χόλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχόλος: meaning 'anger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σώματοςsomatosN3M GSN · σῶμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσῶμα: meaning 'somatos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅπλωνweaponN2N GPN · ὅπλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅπλον: meaning 'weapon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνεργείᾳworkingN1A DSF · ἐνέργειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐνέργεια: meaning 'working'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγῳmatterN2 DSM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'matter'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κολάζονταthe one punishingV1 · παπασμ κολάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ κολάζω: meaning 'the one punishing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπέταξενhe subduedVAI AAI3S · τάσσω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτάσσω + ὑπο: meaning 'he subdued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅρκουςorkosN2 APM · ὅρκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅρκος: meaning 'orkos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθήκαςcovenantN1 APF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπομνήσαςcalling to mindVA · ααπνσμ μιμνήσκω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ μιμνήσκω + ὑπο: meaning 'calling to mind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
σωρηδὸν γὰρ ἤδη πεπτωκότων ἐπ' ἀλλήλων νεκρῶν μεταξὺ στὰς ἀνέκοψε τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ διέσχισεν τὴν πρὸς τοὺς ζῶντας ὁδόν
For when heaps of corpses had already fallen one upon another, standing between them he checked the wrath and cut off the way to the living.
Standing between the dead and the living, the servant literally cuts off the plague's path.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
σωρηδὸνin heapsD · σωρηδόνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσωρηδὸν: meaning 'in heaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἤδη: meaning 'already'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεπτωκότωνfellVX · χαπγπμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπγπμ πίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀλλήλωνone anotherRD GPM · ἀλλήλωpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἀλλήλων: meaning 'one another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νεκρῶνdeadN2 GPM · νεκρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεκρός: meaning 'dead'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεταξὺamongD · μεταξύadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμεταξὺ: meaning 'among'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στὰςhaving arisenVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵστημι: meaning 'having arisen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνέκοψεhe checkedVAI AAI3S · κόπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκόπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'he checked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργὴνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέσχισενhe cut throughVAI AAI3S · σχίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσχίζω + δια: meaning 'he cut through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῶνταςlivingV3 · παπαπμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδόνhodonN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'hodon'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
24
ἐπὶ γὰρ ποδήρους ἐνδύματος ἦν ὅλος ὁ κόσμος καὶ πατέρων δόξαι ἐπὶ τετραστίχου λίθων γλυφῆς καὶ μεγαλωσύνη σου ἐπὶ διαδήματος κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ
For upon his long robe was the whole world, and the glories of the fathers were engraved on the four rows of stones, and your majesty was upon the diadem of his head.
The priestly garment embodies the cosmos, ancestral glory, and divine majesty, explaining why the destroyer recoils before mediated holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποδήρουςreaching to the feetA3H GSN · ποδήρηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποδήρης: meaning 'reaching to the feet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνδύματοςof the garmentN3M GSN · ἔνδυμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔνδυμα: meaning 'of the garment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἦνthere wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'there was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅλοςὅλοςA1 NSM · ὅλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅλος: meaning 'ὅλος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόσμοςworldN2 NSM · κόσμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόσμος: meaning 'world'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δόξαιgloriesN1S NPF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glories'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τετραστίχουfour-rowedA1B GSF · τετράστιχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτετράστιχος: meaning 'four-rowed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λίθωνstoneN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γλυφῆςengravingN1 GSF · γλυφήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλυφή: meaning 'engraving'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγαλωσύνηgreatness / majestyN1 NSF · μεγαλωσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμεγαλωσύνη: meaning 'greatness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαδήματοςof the diademN3M GSN · διάδημαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιάδημα: meaning 'of the diadem'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
τούτοις εἶξεν ὁ ὀλεθρεύων ταῦτα δὲ ἐφοβήθη ἦν γὰρ μόνη ἡ πεῖρα τῆς ὀργῆς ἱκανή
Before these things the destroyer gave way and was afraid, for the testing of wrath alone was sufficient.
The destroyer yields before the covenant-laden priestly signs, and wrath's test proves enough without total destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τούτοιςthisRD DPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶξενgave wayVA AAI3S · εἴκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἴκω: meaning 'gave way'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀλεθρεύωνthe destroyerV1 · παπνσμ ὀλεθρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὀλεθρεύω: meaning 'the destroyer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφοβήθηfearVCI API3S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἦνthere wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'there was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μόνηalone / onlyA1 NSF · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεῖραtestingN1A NSF · πεῖραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπεῖρα: meaning 'testing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργῆςwrathN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἱκανήsufficientA1 NSF · ἱκανόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱκανός: meaning 'sufficient'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.