1
δικαίων δὲ ψυχαὶ ἐν χειρὶ θεοῦ καὶ οὐ μὴ ἅψηται αὐτῶν βάσανος
But the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God, and no torment shall ever touch them.
The chapter opens with a decisive counterclaim: the righteous dead are not abandoned but held securely within God’s care.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχαὶsoulsN1 NPF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'souls'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅψηταιshall touchVA AMS3S · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἅπτομαι: meaning 'shall touch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βάσανοςtormentN2 NSF · βάσανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβάσανος: meaning 'torment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
ἔδοξαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἀφρόνων τεθνάναι καὶ ἐλογίσθη κάκωσις ἡ ἔξοδος αὐτῶν
In the eyes of the foolish they seemed to have died, and their departure was considered an affliction,
Human misperception mistakes the righteous person’s death for defeat and loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔδοξανthey seemedVAI AAI3S · δοκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδοκέω: meaning 'they seemed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀφρόνωνof foolsA3N GPM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'of fools'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεθνάναιto have diedVX XAN · θνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementθνήσκω: meaning 'to have died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλογίσθηwas consideredVSI API3S · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι: meaning 'was considered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κάκωσιςafflictionN3I NSF · κάκωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάκωσις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔξοδοςdepartureN2 NSF · ἔξοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔξοδος: meaning 'departure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
καὶ ἡ ἀφ' ἡμῶν πορεία σύντριμμα οἱ δέ εἰσιν ἐν εἰρήνῃ
and their going from us, destruction; but they are in peace.
The author sharpens the reversal: what observers name ruin is, before God, peace.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνusRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πορείαdepartureN1A NSF · πορείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπορεία: meaning 'departure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σύντριμμαdestructionN3M ASN · σύντριμμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύντριμμα: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εἰρήνῃpeaceN1 DSF · εἰρήνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
4
καὶ γὰρ ἐν ὄψει ἀνθρώπων ἐὰν κολασθῶσιν ἡ ἐλπὶς αὐτῶν ἀθανασίας πλήρης
For even if in human sight they are punished, their hope is full of immortality;
Apparent suffering does not cancel their future, because their hope is defined by immortality rather than present appearances.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄψειsightN3I DSF · ὄψιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄψις: meaning 'sight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνθρώπωνof humansN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'of humans'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κολασθῶσινthey are punishedVS APS3P · κολάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκολάζω: meaning 'they are punished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπὶςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀθανασίαςof immortalityN1A GSF · ἀθανασίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀθανασία: meaning 'of immortality'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλήρηςfullA3H NSM · πλήρηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
5
καὶ ὀλίγα παιδευθέντες μεγάλα εὐεργετηθήσονται ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ἐπείρασεν αὐτοὺς καὶ εὗρεν αὐτοὺς ἀξίους ἑαυτοῦ
and after being disciplined a little, they will receive great good, because God tested them and found them worthy of himself.
Brief suffering is interpreted as divine testing that results in abundant reward and divine approval.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλίγαa littleA1 APN · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'a little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παιδευθέντεςhaving been disciplinedVC · αππνπμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνπμ παιδεύω: meaning 'having been disciplined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεγάλαgreat thingsA1 APN · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'great things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐεργετηθήσονταιthey will be benefitedVC FPI3P · εὐεργετέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐεργετέω: meaning 'they will be benefited'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπείρασενtestedVAI AAI3S · πειράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπειράζω: meaning 'tested'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὗρενfoundVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀξίουςworthyA1A APM · ἄξιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑαυτοῦof himselfRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'of himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ὡς χρυσὸν ἐν χωνευτηρίῳ ἐδοκίμασεν αὐτοὺς καὶ ὡς ὁλοκάρπωμα θυσίας προσεδέξατο αὐτούς
Like gold in a furnace he tested them, and like a whole burnt offering of sacrifice he accepted them.
Two sacrificial images explain righteous suffering as purification and accepted offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσὸνgoldA1 ASM · χρυσόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσός: meaning 'gold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χωνευτηρίῳfurnaceN2N DSN · χωνευτήριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχωνευτήριον: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐδοκίμασενhe testedVAI AAI3S · δοκιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδοκιμάζω: meaning 'he tested'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁλοκάρπωμαwhole burnt offeringN3M ASN · ὁλοκάρπωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁλοκάρπωμα: meaning 'whole burnt offering'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θυσίαςof sacrificeN1A GSF · θυσίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυσία: meaning 'of sacrifice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προσεδέξατοhe acceptedVAI AMI3S · δέχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'he accepted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
καὶ ἐν καιρῷ ἐπισκοπῆς αὐτῶν ἀναλάμψουσιν καὶ ὡς σπινθῆρες ἐν καλάμῃ διαδραμοῦνται
And at the time of their visitation they will shine forth, and they will run about like sparks through stubble.
Their future visitation is not punitive but vindicating, marked by brilliance and unstoppable movement.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπισκοπῆςof visitationN1 GSF · ἐπισκοπήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπισκοπή: meaning 'of visitation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀναλάμψουσινthey will shine forthVF FAI3P · λάμπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλάμπω + ἀνα: meaning 'they will shine forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπινθῆρεςsparksN3 APM · σπινθήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπινθήρ: meaning 'sparks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καλάμῃstubbleN1 DSF · καλάμηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαλάμη: meaning 'stubble'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διαδραμοῦνταιthey will run throughVF2 FMI3P · τρέχω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρέχω + δια: meaning 'they will run through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
κρινοῦσιν ἔθνη καὶ κρατήσουσιν λαῶν καὶ βασιλεύσει αὐτῶν κύριος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
They will judge nations and rule over peoples, and the Lord will reign over them forever.
The vindication of the righteous includes authority and an everlasting relation to the Lord’s own kingship.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κρινοῦσινthey will judgeVF2 FAI3P · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'they will judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρατήσουσινthey will ruleVF FAI3P · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρατέω: meaning 'they will rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαῶνof peoplesN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'of peoples'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεύσειwill reignVF FAI3S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβασιλεύω: meaning 'will reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνover themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'over them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
οἱ πεποιθότες ἐπ' αὐτῷ συνήσουσιν ἀλήθειαν καὶ οἱ πιστοὶ ἐν ἀγάπῃ προσμενοῦσιν αὐτῷ ὅτι χάρις καὶ ἔλεος τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς αὐτοῦ
Those who have trusted in him will understand truth, and the faithful in love will remain with him, because grace and mercy are for his chosen ones.
Trust, fidelity, and abiding with God are joined to a theology of divine grace and election.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεποιθότεςhaving trustedVX · χαπνπμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ πείθω: meaning 'having trusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνήσουσινwill understandVF FAI3P · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵημι + συν: meaning 'will understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλήθειανtruthN1A ASF · ἀλήθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πιστοὶfaithfulA1 NPM · πιστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπιστός: meaning 'faithful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀγάπῃloveN1 DSF · ἀγάπηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγάπη: meaning 'love'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
προσμενοῦσινwill remain withVF2 FAI3P · μένω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμένω + προς: meaning 'will remain with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεοςmercyN2 NSM · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτοῖςchosen onesA1 DPM · ἐκλεκτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen ones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
οἱ δὲ ἀσεβεῖς καθὰ ἐλογίσαντο ἕξουσιν ἐπιτιμίαν οἱ ἀμελήσαντες τοῦ δικαίου καὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἀποστάντες
But the ungodly, according to what they reasoned, will have punishment, they who neglected the righteous man and departed from the Lord.
The chapter turns from the righteous to the ungodly, whose own distorted reasoning ends in fitting punishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθὰaccording asD · καθάadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὰ: meaning 'according as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλογίσαντοthey reasonedVAI AMI3P · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι: meaning 'they reasoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕξουσινwill haveVF FAI3P · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔχω: meaning 'will have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιτιμίανpunishmentN1A ASF · ἐπιτιμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιτιμία: meaning 'punishment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμελήσαντεςhaving neglectedVA · ααπνπμ ἀμελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἀμελέω: meaning 'having neglected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίουrighteous oneA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποστάντεςhaving departed fromVH · ααπνπμ ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'having departed from'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
σοφίαν γὰρ καὶ παιδείαν ὁ ἐξουθενῶν ταλαίπωρος καὶ κενὴ ἡ ἐλπὶς αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ κόποι ἀνόνητοι καὶ ἄχρηστα τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
For miserable is the one who despises wisdom and instruction, and empty is their hope, and their labors are useless, and their works are unprofitable.
Contempt for wisdom hollows out expectation, labor, and achievement alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδείανinstructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'instruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξουθενῶνone despisingV4 · παπνσμ ἐξουδενόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐξουδενόω: meaning 'one despising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταλαίπωροςmiserableA1B NSM · ταλαίπωροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταλαίπωρος: meaning 'miserable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κενὴemptyA1 NSF · κενόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκενός: meaning 'empty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπὶςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόποιlaborsN2 NPM · κόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόπος: meaning 'labors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνόνητοιuselessA1B NPM · ἀνόνητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνόνητος: meaning 'useless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄχρησταunprofitableA1B NPN · ἄχρηστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄχρηστος: meaning 'unprofitable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν ἄφρονες καὶ πονηρὰ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν ἐπικατάρατος ἡ γένεσις αὐτῶν
Their wives are foolish, and their children evil; accursed is their offspring.
The author extends the futility of ungodliness into the household and its lineage.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκεςwivesN3K NPF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄφρονεςfoolishA3N NPF · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηρὰevilA1A NPN · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπικατάρατοςaccursedA1B NSM · ἐπικατάρατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπικατάρατος: meaning 'accursed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένεσιςoffspringN3I NSF · γένεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγένεσις: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ὅτι μακαρία στεῖρα ἡ ἀμίαντος ἥτις οὐκ ἔγνω κοίτην ἐν παραπτώματι ἕξει καρπὸν ἐν ἐπισκοπῇ ψυχῶν
For blessed is the barren woman who is undefiled, who has not known a bed in transgression; she will have fruit at the visitation of souls.
Against the cursed legacy of the wicked, the text redefines blessedness in terms of purity rather than conventional fertility.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μακαρίαblessedA1A NSF · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στεῖραbarren womanN1A NSF · στεῖραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστεῖρα: meaning 'barren woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμίαντοςundefiledA1B NSF · ἀμίαντοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμίαντος: meaning 'undefiled'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἥτιςwho indeedRX NSF · ὅστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant referenceἥτις: meaning 'who indeed'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωknewVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κοίτηνbedN1 ASF · κοίτηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοίτη: meaning 'bed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παραπτώματιtransgressionN3M DSN · παράπτωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράπτωμα: meaning 'transgression'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἕξειwill haveN3I DSF · ἕξιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἕξις: meaning 'will have'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπισκοπῇvisitationN1 DSF · ἐπισκοπήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπισκοπή: meaning 'visitation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ψυχῶνof soulsN1 GPF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'of souls'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
καὶ εὐνοῦχος ὁ μὴ ἐργασάμενος ἐν χειρὶ ἀνόμημα μηδὲ ἐνθυμηθεὶς κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου πονηρά δοθήσεται γὰρ αὐτῷ τῆς πίστεως χάρις ἐκλεκτὴ καὶ κλῆρος ἐν ναῷ κυρίου θυμηρέστερος
And blessed is the eunuch who has not worked lawlessness with his hand, nor conceived evil things against the Lord; for to him shall be given a chosen grace of faith and a more delightful portion in the temple of the Lord.
Another socially marginal figure is revalued positively when marked by fidelity and reverence rather than by deficiency.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐνοῦχοςeunuchN2 NSM · εὐνοῦχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐνοῦχος: meaning 'eunuch'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁthe oneRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐργασάμενοςhaving doneVA · αμπνσμ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'having done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνbyP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνόμημαlawless deedN3M ASN · ἀνόμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνόμημα: meaning 'lawless deed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνθυμηθεὶςhaving conceivedVC · αππνσμ θυμέομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ θυμέομαι + ἐν: meaning 'having conceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰagainstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πονηράevil thingsA1A APN · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δοθήσεταιwill be givenVC FPI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'will be given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πίστεωςfaithN3I GSF · πίστιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπίστις: meaning 'faith'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκλεκτὴchosenA1 NSF · ἐκλεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλῆροςportionN2 NSM · κλῆροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκλῆρος: meaning 'portion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ναῷtempleN2 DSM · ναόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θυμηρέστεροςmore delightfulA3H NSMC · θυμήρηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμήρης: meaning 'more delightful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
15
ἀγαθῶν γὰρ πόνων καρπὸς εὐκλεής καὶ ἀδιάπτωτος ἡ ῥίζα τῆς φρονήσεως
For the fruit of good labors is renowned, and unfailing is the root of understanding.
The logic of the preceding blessings rests on the enduring fruit produced by true moral understanding.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀγαθῶνof goodA1 GPM · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'of good'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόνωνlaborsN2 GPM · πόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόνος: meaning 'labors'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καρπὸςfruitN2 NSM · καρπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐκλεήςrenownedA3H NSM · εὐκλεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐκλεής: meaning 'renowned'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδιάπτωτοςunfailingA1B NSF · ἀδιάπτωτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδιάπτωτος: meaning 'unfailing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥίζαrootN1S NSF · ῥίζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φρονήσεωςunderstandingN3I GSF · φρόνησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
τέκνα δὲ μοιχῶν ἀτέλεστα ἔσται καὶ ἐκ παρανόμου κοίτης σπέρμα ἀφανισθήσεται
But the children of adulterers will be incomplete, and the offspring of an unlawful bed will vanish.
The argument turns back to illicit lineage and declares it intrinsically unstable and doomed.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τέκναchildrenN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιχῶνof adulterersN2 GPM · μοιχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμοιχός: meaning 'of adulterers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀτέλεσταincompleteA1B NPN · ἀτέλεστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτέλεστος: meaning 'incomplete'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παρανόμουlawlessA1B GSF · παράνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κοίτηςbedN1 GSF · κοίτηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοίτη: meaning 'bed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σπέρμαoffspringN3M NSN · σπέρμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσπέρμα: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφανισθήσεταιwill be destroyedVS FPI3S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'will be destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἐάν τε γὰρ μακρόβιοι γένωνται εἰς οὐθὲν λογισθήσονται καὶ ἄτιμον ἐπ' ἐσχάτων τὸ γῆρας αὐτῶν
For even if they become long-lived, they will be accounted as nothing, and in the end their old age will be without honor;
Longevity itself cannot rescue the wicked from final worthlessness and shame.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐάνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεindeedX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μακρόβιοιlong-livedA1B NPM · μακρόβιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακρόβιος: meaning 'long-lived'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γένωνταιthey becomeVB AMS3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'they become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐθὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λογισθήσονταιthey will be reckonedVS FPI3P · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλογίζομαι: meaning 'they will be reckoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄτιμονdishonoredA1B ASM · ἄτιμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄτιμος: meaning 'dishonored'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπ'atP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτωνthe last thingsA1 GPM · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'the last things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆραςold ageN3 ASN · γῆραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆρας: meaning 'old age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
ἐάν τε ὀξέως τελευτήσωσιν οὐχ ἕξουσιν ἐλπίδα οὐδὲ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ διαγνώσεως παραμύθιον
and if they come quickly to their end, they will have no hope, nor comfort in the day of judgment.
Whether death comes late or early, the wicked remain without hope before final discernment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐάνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεindeedX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀξέωςquicklyD · ὀξέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀξέως: meaning 'quickly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τελευτήσωσινthey come to an endVA AAS3P · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτελευτάω: meaning 'they come to an end'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕξουσινthey will haveVF FAI3P · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔχω: meaning 'they will have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλπίδαhopeN3D ASF · ἐλπίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διαγνώσεωςof judgmentN3I GSF · διάγνωσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιάγνωσις: meaning 'of judgment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παραμύθιονcomfortN2 ASN · παραμύθιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαραμύθιον: meaning 'comfort'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
γενεᾶς γὰρ ἀδίκου χαλεπὰ τὰ τέλη
For the ends of an unrighteous generation are grievous.
The chapter closes with a compressed verdict on the hard outcome awaiting unjust lineage.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
γενεᾶςof generationN1A GSF · γενεάgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγενεά: meaning 'of generation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδίκουunrighteousA1B GSF · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unrighteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χαλεπὰgrievousA1 NPN · χαλεπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχαλεπός: meaning 'grievous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέληendsN3E NPN · τέλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέλος: meaning 'ends'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.