1
κρείσσων ἀτεκνία μετὰ ἀρετῆς ἀθανασία γάρ ἐστιν ἐν μνήμῃ αὐτῆς ὅτι καὶ παρὰ θεῷ γινώσκεται καὶ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις
Better is childlessness with virtue, for its remembrance is immortal, because it is known both by God and by human beings.
The chapter begins by overturning ordinary expectations of legacy: virtue, not fertility by itself, establishes an enduring memorial.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀτεκνίαchildlessnessN1A NSF · ἀτεκνίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτεκνία: meaning 'childlessness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρετῆςvirtueN1 GSF · ἀρετήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρετή: meaning 'virtue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀθανασίαimmortalityN1A NSF · ἀθανασίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀθανασία: meaning 'immortality'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μνήμῃremembranceN1 DSF · μνήμηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμνήμη: meaning 'remembrance'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςof itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰbeforeP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γινώσκεταιis knownV1 PMI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγιγνώσκω: meaning 'is known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰbeforeP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνθρώποιςhuman beingsN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human beings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
2
παροῦσάν τε μιμοῦνται αὐτὴν καὶ ποθοῦσιν ἀπελθοῦσαν καὶ ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι στεφανηφοροῦσα πομπεύει τὸν τῶν ἀμιάντων ἄθλων ἀγῶνα νικήσασα
When it is present they imitate it, and when it has departed they long for it; and in eternity it marches in triumph, crowned after winning the contest of undefiled prizes.
Virtue is personified as a victorious athlete whose beauty is recognized in presence, absence, and everlasting reward.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
παροῦσάνbeing presentV9 · παπασφ εἰμί + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασφ εἰμί + παρα: meaning 'being present'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τεand indeedX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μιμοῦνταιthey imitateV2 PMI3P · μιμέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμιμέομαι: meaning 'they imitate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποθοῦσινthey long forV2 PAI3P · ποθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποθέω: meaning 'they long for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπελθοῦσανhaving departedVB · ααπασφ ἔρχομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασφ ἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'having departed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνιeternityN3W DSM · αἰώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἰών: meaning 'eternity'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στεφανηφοροῦσαwearing the crownV2 · παπνσφ στεφανηφορέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ στεφανηφορέω: meaning 'wearing the crown'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πομπεύειit marches in triumphV1 PAI3S · πομπεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπομπεύω: meaning 'it marches in triumph'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμιάντωνundefiledA1B GPM · ἀμίαντοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀμίαντος: meaning 'undefiled'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄθλωνprizesN2N GPN · ἆθλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἆθλον: meaning 'prizes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀγῶναcontestN3W ASM · ἀγώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγών: meaning 'contest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νικήσασαhaving wonVA · ααπνσφ νικάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσφ νικάω: meaning 'having won'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
πολύγονον δὲ ἀσεβῶν πλῆθος οὐ χρησιμεύσει καὶ ἐκ νόθων μοσχευμάτων οὐ δώσει ῥίζαν εἰς βάθος οὐδὲ ἀσφαλῆ βάσιν ἑδράσει
But the numerous multitude of the ungodly will be of no use, and from illegitimate shoots it will not give a root into depth nor establish a firm foundation.
The abundance of the wicked is denied permanence: prolific growth without righteousness remains shallow and unstable.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
πολύγονονmany-offspringedA1B NSN · πολύγονοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύγονος: meaning 'many-offspringed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρησιμεύσειwill be usefulVF FAI3S · χρησιμεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχρησιμεύω: meaning 'will be useful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νόθωνillegitimateA1 GPN · νόθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνόθος: meaning 'illegitimate'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μοσχευμάτωνshootsN3M GPN · μόσχευμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμόσχευμα: meaning 'shoots'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειwill giveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'will give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥίζανrootN1S ASF · ῥίζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βάθοςdepthN3E ASN · βάθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάθος: meaning 'depth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσφαλῆfirmA3H NPN · ἀσφαλήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσφαλής: meaning 'firm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βάσινfoundationN3I ASF · βάσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάσις: meaning 'foundation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑδράσειwill establishVF FAI3S · ἑδράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἑδράζω: meaning 'will establish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
κἂν γὰρ ἐν κλάδοις πρὸς καιρὸν ἀναθάλῃ ἐπισφαλῶς βεβηκότα ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευθήσεται καὶ ὑπὸ βίας ἀνέμων ἐκριζωθήσεται
For even if it should sprout branches for a season, standing insecurely it will be shaken by the wind and uprooted by the violence of storms.
The image of ungodly growth continues with temporary flourishing that cannot withstand testing.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
κἂνeven ifC+X · καί̈ἄνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἂν: meaning 'even if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κλάδοιςbranchesN2 DPM · κλάδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκλάδος: meaning 'branches'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πρὸςforP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρὸνa seasonN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'a season'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀναθάλῃit should sprout afreshVB AAS3S · θάλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyθάλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'it should sprout afresh'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπισφαλῶςinsecurelyD · ἐπισφαλῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπισφαλῶς: meaning 'insecurely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βεβηκόταhaving stoodVX · χαπασμ βαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπασμ βαίνω: meaning 'having stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνέμουwindN2 GSM · ἄνεμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνεμος: meaning 'wind'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαλευθήσεταιit will be shakenVC FPI3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσαλεύω: meaning 'it will be shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βίαςviolenceN1A GSF · βίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβία: meaning 'violence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνέμωνof windsN2 GPM · ἄνεμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνεμος: meaning 'of winds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκριζωθήσεταιit will be uprootedVC FPI3S · ῥιζόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥιζόω + ἐκ: meaning 'it will be uprooted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
περικλασθήσονται κλῶνες ἀτέλεστοι καὶ ὁ καρπὸς αὐτῶν ἄχρηστος ἄωρος εἰς βρῶσιν καὶ εἰς οὐθὲν ἐπιτήδειος
Its unfinished branches will be broken off, and its fruit will be useless, unripe for food and fit for nothing.
The metaphor reaches its practical conclusion: what appeared promising yields nothing nourishing or durable.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
περικλασθήσονταιthey will be broken offVS FPI3P · κλάω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκλάω + περι: meaning 'they will be broken off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κλῶνεςbranchesN3W NPM · κλώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκλών: meaning 'branches'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀτέλεστοιunfinishedA1B NPM · ἀτέλεστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτέλεστος: meaning 'unfinished'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπὸςfruitN2 NSM · καρπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄχρηστοςuselessA1B NSM · ἄχρηστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄχρηστος: meaning 'useless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄωροςunripeA1B NSM · ἄωροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄωρος: meaning 'unripe'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βρῶσινfoodN3I ASF · βρῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβρῶσις: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐθὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιτήδειοςfitA1A NSM · ἐπιτήδειοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιτήδειος: meaning 'fit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
ἐκ γὰρ ἀνόμων ὕπνων τέκνα γεννώμενα μάρτυρές εἰσιν πονηρίας κατὰ γονέων ἐν ἐξετασμῷ αὐτῶν
For children born from lawless unions are witnesses of their parents' wickedness when they are examined.
The chapter turns from arboreal imagery to judicial language, presenting such offspring as testimony against parental corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνόμωνlawlessA1B GPM · ἄνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὕπνωνbedsN2 GPM · ὕπνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕπνος: meaning 'beds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γεννώμεναbeing bornV3 · πμπαπν γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν γεννάω: meaning 'being born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάρτυρέςwitnessesN3 NPM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάρτυς: meaning 'witnesses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πονηρίαςof wickednessN1A GSF · πονηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρία: meaning 'of wickedness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατὰagainstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γονέωνparentsN3V GPM · γονεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγονεύς: meaning 'parents'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐξετασμῷexaminationN2 DSM · ἐξετασμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐξετασμός: meaning 'examination'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
δίκαιος δὲ ἐὰν φθάσῃ τελευτῆσαι ἐν ἀναπαύσει ἔσται
But the righteous person, even if he meets an early death, will be at rest.
Against the fate of the ungodly line, the righteous person's shortened life is reinterpreted as peaceful repose.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φθάσῃshould reachVA AAS3S · φθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφθάνω: meaning 'should reach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τελευτῆσαιto dieVA AAN · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτελευτάω: meaning 'to die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀναπαύσειrestN3I DSF · ἀνάπαυσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'rest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔσταιhe will beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'he will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
γῆρας γὰρ τίμιον οὐ τὸ πολυχρόνιον οὐδὲ ἀριθμῷ ἐτῶν μεμέτρηται
For honorable old age is not what is long-lived, nor is it measured by the number of years.
Chronological length is explicitly detached from the chapter's standard of honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
γῆραςold ageN3 ASN · γῆραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆρας: meaning 'old age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίμιονhonorableA1A NSN · τίμιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτίμιος: meaning 'honorable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολυχρόνιονlong-livedA1B NSN · πολυχρόνιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολυχρόνιος: meaning 'long-lived'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀριθμῷby numberN2 DSM · ἀριθμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀριθμός: meaning 'by number'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐτῶνof yearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'of years'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεμέτρηταιhas been measuredVM XMI3S · μετρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμετρέω: meaning 'has been measured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
πολιὰ δέ ἐστιν φρόνησις ἀνθρώποις καὶ ἡλικία γήρως βίος ἀκηλίδωτος
But gray hair for human beings is wisdom, and the maturity of old age is a life unstained.
The author defines true seniority morally and intellectually rather than biologically.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πολιὰgray hairN1A NSF · πολιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολιά: meaning 'gray hair'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φρόνησιςwisdomN3I NSF · φρόνησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνησις: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώποιςhuman beingsN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human beings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡλικίαmaturityN1A NSF · ἡλικίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡλικία: meaning 'maturity'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γήρωςof old ageN3 GSN · γῆραςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆρας: meaning 'of old age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βίοςlifeN2 NSM · βίοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκηλίδωτοςunstainedA1B NSM · ἀκηλίδωτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκηλίδωτος: meaning 'unstained'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
εὐάρεστος θεῷ γενόμενος ἠγαπήθη καὶ ζῶν μεταξὺ ἁμαρτωλῶν μετετέθη
Having become pleasing to God, he was loved, and while living among sinners he was transferred away.
The early removal of the righteous is interpreted as an act of divine favor rather than abandonment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εὐάρεστοςpleasingA1B NSM · εὐάρεστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐάρεστος: meaning 'pleasing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γενόμενοςhaving becomeVB · αμπνσμ γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ γίγνομαι: meaning 'having become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἠγαπήθηhe was lovedVCI API3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'he was loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζῶνlivingV3 · παπνσμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεταξὺamongD · μεταξύadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμεταξὺ: meaning 'among'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμαρτωλῶνsinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετετέθηhe was transferredVCI API3S · τίθημι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι + μετα: meaning 'he was transferred'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
ἡρπάγη μὴ κακία ἀλλάξῃ σύνεσιν αὐτοῦ ἢ δόλος ἀπατήσῃ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ
He was snatched away lest evil alter his understanding or deceit beguile his soul.
The verse states the protective purpose of the righteous person's early removal in direct terms.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἡρπάγηhe was snatched awayVDI API3S · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁρπάζω: meaning 'he was snatched away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴlestD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'lest'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακίαevilN1A NSF · κακίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλάξῃshould alterVF FMI2S · ἀλλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλλάσσω: meaning 'should alter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόλοςdeceitN2 NSM · δόλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλος: meaning 'deceit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπατήσῃshould deceiveVF FMI2S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀπατάω: meaning 'should deceive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
βασκανία γὰρ φαυλότητος ἀμαυροῖ τὰ καλά καὶ ῥεμβασμὸς ἐπιθυμίας μεταλλεύει νοῦν ἄκακον
For the bewitchment of worthlessness darkens what is good, and the wandering of desire undermines an innocent mind.
A maxim about corruption explains why rescue from prolonged exposure to evil can itself be mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
βασκανίαbewitchmentN1A NSF · βασκανίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασκανία: meaning 'bewitchment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαυλότητοςof worthlessnessN3T GSF · φαυλότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφαυλότης: meaning 'of worthlessness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀμαυροῖdarkensA1A NPM · ἀμαυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμαυρός: meaning 'darkens'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλάgood thingsA1 NPN · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥεμβασμὸςwanderingN2 NSM · ῥεμβασμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥεμβασμός: meaning 'wandering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπιθυμίαςof desireN1A GSF · ἐπιθυμίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπιθυμία: meaning 'of desire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεταλλεύειunderminesV1 PAI3S · μεταλλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμεταλλεύω: meaning 'undermines'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νοῦνmindN2C ASM · νοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνοῦς: meaning 'mind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄκακονinnocentA1B ASM · ἄκακοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄκακος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
τελειωθεὶς ἐν ὀλίγῳ ἐπλήρωσεν χρόνους μακρούς
Having been perfected in a short time, he fulfilled long years.
The chapter compresses time paradoxically: moral completion can accomplish what long life only seems to promise.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
τελειωθεὶςhaving been perfectedVC · αππνσμ τελειόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ τελειόω: meaning 'having been perfected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀλίγῳin a short timeA1 DSN · ὀλίγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀλίγος: meaning 'in a short time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπλήρωσενhe fulfilledVAI AAI3S · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληρόω: meaning 'he fulfilled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρόνουςyearsN2 APM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μακρούςlongA1A APM · μακρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμακρός: meaning 'long'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
ἀρεστὴ γὰρ ἦν κυρίῳ ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ διὰ τοῦτο ἔσπευσεν ἐκ μέσου πονηρίας οἱ δὲ λαοὶ ἰδόντες καὶ μὴ νοήσαντες μηδὲ θέντες ἐπὶ διανοίᾳ τὸ τοιοῦτο
For his soul was pleasing to the Lord; therefore he hastened him out of the midst of wickedness. But the peoples saw and did not understand, nor did they lay such a thing to heart.
Divine haste contrasts with public incomprehension: observers witness the event but miss its theological meaning.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἀρεστὴpleasingA1 NSF · ἀρεστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρεστός: meaning 'pleasing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κυρίῳto the LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'to the Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσπευσενhe hastened himVAI AAI3S · σπεύδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσπεύδω: meaning 'he hastened him'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πονηρίαςof wickednessN1A GSF · πονηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρία: meaning 'of wickedness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαοὶpeoplesN2 NPM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰδόντεςhaving seenVB · ααπνπμ ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ὁράω: meaning 'having seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴlestD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'lest'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νοήσαντεςhaving understoodVA · ααπνπμ νοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ νοέω: meaning 'having understood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θέντεςhaving placedVE · ααπνπμ τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ τίθημι: meaning 'having placed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διανοίᾳthe mindN1A DSF · διάνοιαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιάνοια: meaning 'the mind'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοιοῦτοsuch a thingA1 ASN · τοιοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such a thing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
ὅτι χάρις καὶ ἔλεος ἐν τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπισκοπὴ ἐν τοῖς ὁσίοις αὐτοῦ
For grace and mercy are with his chosen ones, and his visitation is upon his holy ones.
The argument concludes its defense of the righteous dead by grounding the whole matter in God's favoring care for his own.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεοςmercyN2 NSM · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτοῖςchosen onesA1 DPM · ἐκλεκτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen ones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισκοπὴvisitationN1 NSF · ἐπισκοπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπισκοπή: meaning 'visitation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁσίοιςholy onesA1A DPM · ὅσιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅσιος: meaning 'holy ones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
κατακρινεῖ δὲ δίκαιος καμὼν τοὺς ζῶντας ἀσεβεῖς καὶ νεότης τελεσθεῖσα ταχέως πολυετὲς γῆρας ἀδίκου
But the righteous one who has died will condemn the living ungodly, and youth quickly brought to completion will condemn the long old age of the unrighteous.
The dead righteous person becomes a standard of judgment against the apparently successful wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κατακρινεῖwill condemnVF2 FAI3S · κρίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω + κατα: meaning 'will condemn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καμὼνhaving diedVB · ααπνσμ κάμνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ κάμνω: meaning 'having died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῶνταςlivingV3 · παπαπμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεότηςyouthN3T NSF · νεότηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τελεσθεῖσαhaving been completedVS · αππνσφ τελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσφ τελέω: meaning 'having been completed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταχέωςquicklyD · ταχέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastταχέως: meaning 'quickly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολυετὲςmany-yearedA3H GSN · πολυετήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολυετής: meaning 'many-yeared'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γῆραςold ageN3 ASN · γῆραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆρας: meaning 'old age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀδίκουof the unrighteousA1B GSM · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'of the unrighteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
ὄψονται γὰρ τελευτὴν σοφοῦ καὶ οὐ νοήσουσιν τί ἐβουλεύσατο περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς τί ἠσφαλίσατο αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος
For they will see the end of the wise man and will not understand what the Lord planned concerning him or why he made him secure.
The wicked remain blind to the divine counsel behind the righteous person's end.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὄψονταιthey will seeVF FMI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'they will see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τελευτὴνthe endN1 ASF · τελευτήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτελευτή: meaning 'the end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σοφοῦof the wise manA1 GSM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'of the wise man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νοήσουσινthey will understandVF FAI3P · νοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureνοέω: meaning 'they will understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐβουλεύσατοhe plannedVAI AMI3S · βουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβουλεύω: meaning 'he planned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠσφαλίσατοhe made secureVAI AMI3S · ἀσφαλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀσφαλίζω: meaning 'he made secure'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
18
ὄψονται καὶ ἐξουθενήσουσιν αὐτοὺς δὲ ὁ κύριος ἐκγελάσεται
They will see and treat them with contempt, but the Lord will laugh them to scorn.
Human contempt is set against divine derision, shifting the scene from public mockery to God's verdict.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὄψονταιthey will seeVF FMI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'they will see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξουθενήσουσινthey will despiseVF FAI3P · οὐδενέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοὐδενέω + ἐκ: meaning 'they will despise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκγελάσεταιwill laugh to scornVF FMI3S · γελάω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγελάω + ἐκ: meaning 'will laugh to scorn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
καὶ ἔσονται μετὰ τοῦτο εἰς πτῶμα ἄτιμον καὶ εἰς ὕβριν ἐν νεκροῖς δι' αἰῶνος ὅτι ῥήξει αὐτοὺς ἀφώνους πρηνεῖς καὶ σαλεύσει αὐτοὺς ἐκ θεμελίων καὶ ἕως ἐσχάτου χερσωθήσονται καὶ ἔσονται ἐν ὀδύνῃ καὶ ἡ μνήμη αὐτῶν ἀπολεῖται
And after this they will become a dishonored corpse and a reproach among the dead forever, because he will shatter them speechless and prone, and shake them from their foundations; they will be utterly laid waste and be in anguish, and their memory will perish.
The final sentence piles image upon image to depict the total collapse of the wicked in body, reputation, and remembrance.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιthey will beVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'they will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πτῶμαcorpseN3M ASN · πτῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτῶμα: meaning 'corpse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄτιμονdishonoredA1B ASM · ἄτιμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄτιμος: meaning 'dishonored'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕβρινa reproachN3I ASF · ὕβριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕβρις: meaning 'a reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεκροῖςthe deadN2 DPM · νεκρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεκρός: meaning 'the dead'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰῶνοςforeverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥήξειhe will shatterVF FAI3S · ῥήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥήγνυμι: meaning 'he will shatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφώνουςspeechlessA1B APM · ἄφωνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄφωνος: meaning 'speechless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρηνεῖςface downwardN3S APM · πρηνήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρηνής: meaning 'face downward'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαλεύσειhe will shakeVF FAI3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσαλεύω: meaning 'he will shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεμελίωνfoundationsN2N GPN · θεμέλιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσχάτουthe endA1 GSM · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χερσωθήσονταιthey will be laid wasteVC FPI3P · χερσόομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχερσόομαι: meaning 'they will be laid waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιthey will beVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'they will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀδύνῃanguishN1 DSF · ὀδύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀδύνη: meaning 'anguish'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνήμηmemoryN1 NSF · μνήμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμνήμη: meaning 'memory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπολεῖταιwill perishVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ἐλεύσονται ἐν συλλογισμῷ ἁμαρτημάτων αὐτῶν δειλοί καὶ ἐλέγξει αὐτοὺς ἐξ ἐναντίας τὰ ἀνομήματα αὐτῶν
They will come in fear at the reckoning of their sins, and their lawless deeds will stand against them and convict them.
The chapter closes with the wicked overtaken by their own guilty reasoning and by the accusing testimony of their deeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐλεύσονταιthey will comeVF FMI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι: meaning 'they will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συλλογισμῷreasoningN2 DSM · συλλογισμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυλλογισμός: meaning 'reasoning'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁμαρτημάτωνof sinsN3M GPN · ἁμάρτημαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμάρτημα: meaning 'of sins'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δειλοίfearfulA1 NPM · δειλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδειλός: meaning 'fearful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλέγξειwill convictVF FAI3S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλέγχω: meaning 'will convict'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐναντίαςin oppositionA1A GSF · ἐναντίοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐναντίος: meaning 'in opposition'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομήματαlawless deedsN3M APN · ἀνόμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνόμημα: meaning 'lawless deeds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.