1
ἀκούσατε οὖν βασιλεῖς καὶ σύνετε μάθετε δικασταὶ περάτων γῆς
Hear therefore, O kings, and understand; learn, judges of the ends of the earth.
The chapter opens with a direct summons to rulers, making wisdom a matter of public responsibility and judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῖςkingsN3V VPM · βασιλεύςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σύνετεunderstandVB AAD2P · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵημι + συν: meaning 'understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάθετεlearnVB AAD2P · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμανθάνω: meaning 'learn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικασταὶjudgesN1M VPM · δικαστήςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressδικαστής: meaning 'judges'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
περάτωνof the endsN3T GPN · πέραςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπέρας: meaning 'of the ends'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
ἐνωτίσασθε οἱ κρατοῦντες πλήθους καὶ γεγαυρωμένοι ἐπὶ ὄχλοις ἐθνῶν
Give ear, you who rule a multitude and boast over crowds of nations.
Kings and governors are addressed specifically in their political pride and mass authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνωτίσασθεgive earVA AMD2P · ἐνωτίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐνωτίζομαι: meaning 'give ear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA VPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρατοῦντεςrulingV2 · παπVπμ κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπVπμ κρατέω: meaning 'ruling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεγαυρωμένοιhaving boastedVM · χμπVπμ γαυρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπVπμ γαυρόω: meaning 'having boasted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄχλοιςcrowdsN2 DPM · ὄχλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄχλος: meaning 'crowds'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
ὅτι ἐδόθη παρὰ κυρίου ἡ κράτησις ὑμῖν καὶ ἡ δυναστεία παρὰ ὑψίστου ὃς ἐξετάσει ὑμῶν τὰ ἔργα καὶ τὰς βουλὰς διερευνήσει
Because authority was given to you from the Lord, and sovereignty from the Most High, who will examine your works and search out your plans.
Their accountability is grounded in the divine source of rule and in God's searching examination of works and counsels.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδόθηwas givenVCI API3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'was given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κράτησιςauthorityN3I NSF · κράτησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκράτησις: meaning 'authority'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυναστείαδυναστείαN1A NSF · δυναστείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδυναστεία: meaning 'δυναστεία'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξετάσειwill examineVF FAI3S · ἐξετάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐξετάζω: meaning 'will examine'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλὰςplansN1 APF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'plans'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διερευνήσειwill investigateVF FAI3S · ἐρευνάω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐρευνάω + δια: meaning 'will investigate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ὅτι ὑπηρέται ὄντες τῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλείας οὐκ ἐκρίνατε ὀρθῶς οὐδὲ ἐφυλάξατε νόμον οὐδὲ κατὰ τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπορεύθητε
Because, though you were ministers of his kingdom, you did not judge rightly, nor keep the law, nor walk according to the counsel of God,
The reason for judgment is not mere office but failure within office: bad judgment, neglected law, and refusal of God's counsel.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπηρέταιservantsN1M VPM · ὑπηρέτηςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressὑπηρέτης: meaning 'servants'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὄντεςbeingV9 · παπVπμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπVπμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκρίνατεyou judgedVAI AAI2P · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω: meaning 'you judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀρθῶςrightlyD · ὀρθῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀρθῶς: meaning 'rightly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφυλάξατεyou keptVAI AAI2P · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυλάσσω: meaning 'you kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλὴνcounselN1 ASF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπορεύθητεyou walkedVCI API2P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'you walked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
φρικτῶς καὶ ταχέως ἐπιστήσεται ὑμῖν ὅτι κρίσις ἀπότομος ἐν τοῖς ὑπερέχουσιν γίνεται
he will come upon you terribly and swiftly, because severe judgment comes upon those in high places.
The warning turns immediate and severe: exalted position brings swifter and more terrible reckoning.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
φρικτῶςfearfullyD · φρικτῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastφρικτῶς: meaning 'fearfully'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταχέωςquicklyD · ταχέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastταχέως: meaning 'quickly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστήσεταιhe will come uponVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'he will come upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπότομοςsevereA1B NSF · ἀπότομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπότομος: meaning 'severe'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερέχουσινbeing aboveV1 · παπδπμ ἔχω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ ἔχω + ὑπερ: meaning 'being above'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γίνεταιit happens / comes to beV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'it happens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ὁ γὰρ ἐλάχιστος συγγνωστός ἐστιν ἐλέους δυνατοὶ δὲ δυνατῶς ἐτασθήσονται
For the least person is worthy of mercy and pardon, but the mighty will be mightily tested.
The verse contrasts leniency toward the lowly with strict testing of the powerful.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάχιστοςελαχυςA1 NSMS · ἐλαχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλαχύς: meaning 'ελαχυς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συγγνωστόςpardonableA1B NSM · συγγνωστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυγγνωστός: meaning 'pardonable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλέουςof mercyN2 APM · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'of mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δυνατοὶmighty menA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυνατῶςmightilyD · δυνατῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδυνατῶς: meaning 'mightily'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτασθήσονταιwill be examinedVS FPI3P · ἐτάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐτάζω: meaning 'will be examined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
οὐ γὰρ ὑποστελεῖται πρόσωπον ὁ πάντων δεσπότης οὐδὲ ἐντραπήσεται μέγεθος ὅτι μικρὸν καὶ μέγαν αὐτὸς ἐποίησεν ὁμοίως τε προνοεῖ περὶ πάντων
For the Master of all will not shrink before a face, nor be overawed by greatness, because he himself made small and great alike and takes thought for all equally.
God's impartiality is rooted in creation itself, since he made both small and great and cares for all alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποστελεῖταιwill shrink fromVF2 FMI3S · στέλλω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστέλλω + ὑπο: meaning 'will shrink from'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δεσπότηςMasterN1M NSM · δεσπότηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεσπότης: meaning 'Master'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐντραπήσεταιwill stand in awe ofVD FPI3S · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'will stand in awe of'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μέγεθοςgreatnessN3E ASN · μέγεθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγεθος: meaning 'greatness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μικρὸνsmall / insignificantA1A ASM · μικρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέγανmegasA1P ASM · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'megas'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁμοίωςlikewiseD · ὁμοίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοίως: meaning 'likewise'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προνοεῖhe takes thoughtVF2 FAI3S · νοέω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureνοέω + προ: meaning 'he takes thought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
τοῖς δὲ κραταιοῖς ἰσχυρὰ ἐφίσταται ἔρευνα
But for the strong there stands a strong inquiry.
The principle is restated in concentrated form: strength and status draw correspondingly weighty scrutiny.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κραταιοῖςstrong onesA1A DPM · κραταιόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκραταιός: meaning 'strong ones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἰσχυρὰstrongA1A APN · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐφίσταταιis at handV6 PMI3S · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'is at hand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔρευναinquiryN1A NSF · ἔρευναnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔρευνα: meaning 'inquiry'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
πρὸς ὑμᾶς οὖν ὦ τύραννοι οἱ λόγοι μου ἵνα μάθητε σοφίαν καὶ μὴ παραπέσητε
Therefore, O tyrants, my words are for you, so that you may learn wisdom and not fall away.
The speaker readdresses tyrants directly so that the warning may become an invitation to wisdom rather than a sentence of collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὦOI · ὦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὦ: meaning 'O'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τύραννοιtyrantsN2 VPM · τύραννοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτύραννος: meaning 'tyrants'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάθητεyou may learnVB AAS2P · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμανθάνω: meaning 'you may learn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραπέσητεyou may fall awayVA AAS2P · πίπτω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίπτω + παρα: meaning 'you may fall away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
οἱ γὰρ φυλάξαντες ὁσίως τὰ ὅσια ὁσιωθήσονται καὶ οἱ διδαχθέντες αὐτὰ εὑρήσουσιν ἀπολογίαν
For those who have kept holy things holily will be made holy, and those who have been taught them will find a defense.
Those who honor what is holy and receive wisdom's teaching will find sanctification and a defense.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξαντεςhaving keptVA · ααπνπμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'having kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁσίωςholilyD · ὁσίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁσίως: meaning 'holily'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅσιαholy thingsA1A APN · ὅσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅσιος: meaning 'holy things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁσιωθήσονταιwill be made holyVC FPI3P · ὁσιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁσιόω: meaning 'will be made holy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διδαχθέντεςhaving been taughtVC · αππνπμ διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνπμ διδάσκω: meaning 'having been taught'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὑρήσουσινwill findVF FAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπολογίανdefenseN1A ASF · ἀπολογίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπολογία: meaning 'defense'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
ἐπιθυμήσατε οὖν τῶν λόγων μου ποθήσατε καὶ παιδευθήσεσθε
Desire therefore my words, long for them, and you will be instructed.
The hearers are urged to move from warning into desire, longing for wisdom so as to be educated by her.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐπιθυμήσατεdesireVA AAD2P · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'desire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποθήσατεlong forVA AAD2P · ποθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποθέω: meaning 'long for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδευθήσεσθεyou will be instructedVC FPI2P · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαιδεύω: meaning 'you will be instructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
λαμπρὰ καὶ ἀμάραντός ἐστιν ἡ σοφία καὶ εὐχερῶς θεωρεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγαπώντων αὐτὴν καὶ εὑρίσκεται ὑπὸ τῶν ζητούντων αὐτήν
Wisdom is radiant and unfading, and is easily seen by those who love her and found by those who seek her.
Wisdom is presented as radiant, unfading, and accessible to love and search rather than hidden behind secrecy.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
λαμπρὰradiantA1A NSF · λαμπρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαμπρός: meaning 'radiant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμάραντόςunfadingA1B NSF · ἀμάραντοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμάραντος: meaning 'unfading'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐχερῶςeasilyD · εὐχερῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὐχερῶς: meaning 'easily'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεωρεῖταιis beheldV2 PMI3S · θεωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθεωρέω: meaning 'is beheld'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαπώντωνof those lovingV3 · παπγπμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'of those loving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρίσκεταιis foundV1 PMI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὑρίσκω: meaning 'is found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζητούντωνseekingV2 · παπγπμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
φθάνει τοὺς ἐπιθυμοῦντας προγνωσθῆναι
She anticipates those who desire to know her beforehand.
She is not passive but anticipates and meets those who already long to know her.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
φθάνειit reachesV1 PAI3S · φθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφθάνω: meaning 'it reaches'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθυμοῦνταςdesiringV4 · παπαπμ θυμόω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ θυμόω + ἐπι: meaning 'desiring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προγνωσθῆναιto be known beforehandVS APN · γιγνώσκω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω + προ: meaning 'to be known beforehand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
ὁ ὀρθρίσας πρὸς αὐτὴν οὐ κοπιάσει πάρεδρον γὰρ εὑρήσει τῶν πυλῶν αὐτοῦ
He who rises early toward her will not labor, for he will find her sitting beside his gates.
Diligent early seeking is rewarded by finding wisdom already near at hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρθρίσαςhaving risen earlyVA · ααπνσμ ὀρθρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ὀρθρίζω: meaning 'having risen early'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοπιάσειshall grow wearyVF FAI3S · κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκοπιάω: meaning 'shall grow weary'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάρεδρονsitting besideN2 ASM · πάρεδροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπάρεδρος: meaning 'sitting beside'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρήσειwill findVF FAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυλῶνgatesN1 GPF · πύληgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
τὸ γὰρ ἐνθυμηθῆναι περὶ αὐτῆς φρονήσεως τελειότης καὶ ὁ ἀγρυπνήσας δι' αὐτὴν ταχέως ἀμέριμνος ἔσται
For to think upon her is the perfection of understanding, and the one who keeps watch because of her will quickly be free from care.
Thought and wakeful attention directed toward wisdom bring mature understanding and freedom from anxious distraction.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνθυμηθῆναιto think uponVC APN · θυμέομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementθυμέομαι + ἐν: meaning 'to think upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φρονήσεωςφρονήσεωςN3I GSF · φρόνησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'φρονήσεως'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τελειότηςperfectionN3T NSF · τελειότηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτελειότης: meaning 'perfection'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγρυπνήσαςhaving kept watchVA · ααπνσμ ἀγρυπνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἀγρυπνέω: meaning 'having kept watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ταχέωςquicklyD · ταχέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastταχέως: meaning 'quickly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμέριμνοςfree from careA1B NSM · ἀμέριμνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμέριμνος: meaning 'free from care'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
ὅτι τοὺς ἀξίους αὐτῆς αὐτὴ περιέρχεται ζητοῦσα καὶ ἐν ταῖς τρίβοις φαντάζεται αὐτοῖς εὐμενῶς καὶ ἐν πάσῃ ἐπινοίᾳ ὑπαντᾷ αὐτοῖς
Because she herself goes about seeking those worthy of her, and graciously appears to them in their paths, and meets them in every thought.
Wisdom actively seeks the worthy, appearing kindly along their paths and within their deliberations.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀξίουςworthyA1A APM · ἄξιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αὐτὴhe, she, itRD NSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περιέρχεταιgoes aboutV1 PMI3S · ἔρχομαι + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔρχομαι + περι: meaning 'goes about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζητοῦσαseekV2 · παπνσφ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ ζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίβοιςpathN2 DPF · τρίβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρίβος: meaning 'path'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φαντάζεταιappearsV1 PMI3S · φαντάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφαντάζομαι: meaning 'appears'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐμενῶςgraciouslyD · εὐμενῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὐμενῶς: meaning 'graciously'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπινοίᾳthoughtN1A DSF · ἐπίνοιαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπίνοια: meaning 'thought'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑπαντᾷmeetsV3 PAI3S · ἀντάω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀντάω + ὑπο: meaning 'meets'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
ἀρχὴ γὰρ αὐτῆς ἡ ἀληθεστάτη παιδείας ἐπιθυμία φροντὶς δὲ παιδείας ἀγάπη
For the truest beginning of her is the desire for instruction, and care for instruction is love,
The argument now unfolds wisdom's internal logic: her beginning is desire for instruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀρχὴdominionsN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'dominions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀληθεστάτηtruestA3H NSFS · ἀληθήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀληθής: meaning 'truest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παιδείαςdiscipline / instructionN1A GSF · παιδείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπιθυμίαdesireN1A NSF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φροντὶςconcernN3D NSF · φροντίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφροντίς: meaning 'concern'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδείαςdiscipline / instructionN1A GSF · παιδείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀγάπηloveN1 NSF · ἀγάπηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγάπη: meaning 'love'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
18
ἀγάπη δὲ τήρησις νόμων αὐτῆς προσοχὴ δὲ νόμων βεβαίωσις ἀφθαρσίας
and love is the keeping of her laws, and attention to laws is the assurance of incorruption,
That desire matures into love, and love shows itself in keeping wisdom's laws.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀγάπηloveN1 NSF · ἀγάπηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγάπη: meaning 'love'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τήρησιςkeepingN3I NSF · τήρησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτήρησις: meaning 'keeping'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νόμωνlawsN2 GPM · νόμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'laws'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσοχὴattentionN1 NSF · προσοχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσοχή: meaning 'attention'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νόμωνlawsN2 GPM · νόμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'laws'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βεβαίωσιςassuranceN3I NSF · βεβαίωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβεβαίωσις: meaning 'assurance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφθαρσίαςof incorruptionN1A GSF · ἀφθαρσίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀφθαρσία: meaning 'of incorruption'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
19
ἀφθαρσία δὲ ἐγγὺς εἶναι ποιεῖ θεοῦ
and incorruption makes one near to God.
Law-keeping is linked to incorruption, and incorruption draws human life near to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἀφθαρσίαincorruptionN1A NSF · ἀφθαρσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀφθαρσία: meaning 'incorruption'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγγὺςnearD · ἐγγύςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐγγὺς: meaning 'near'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποιεῖdo / makeV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
ἐπιθυμία ἄρα σοφίας ἀνάγει ἐπὶ βασιλείαν
So then desire for wisdom leads up to kingship.
The chain reaches its public culmination: desire for wisdom becomes the true ascent to kingship.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἐπιθυμίαdesireN1A NSF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνάγειleads upV1 PAI3S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'leads up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
21
εἰ οὖν ἥδεσθε ἐπὶ θρόνοις καὶ σκήπτροις τύραννοι λαῶν τιμήσατε σοφίαν ἵνα εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα βασιλεύσητε
If therefore you delight in thrones and scepters, O tyrants of peoples, honor wisdom, so that you may reign forever.
Rulers are therefore urged to honor wisdom if they want a reign that endures beyond present power.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥδεσθεyou delightV1 PMI2P · ἥδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥδομαι: meaning 'you delight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρόνοιςthronesN2 DPM · θρόνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθρόνος: meaning 'thrones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκήπτροιςsceptersN2N DPN · σκῆπτρονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκῆπτρον: meaning 'scepters'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τύραννοιtyrantsN2 VPM · τύραννοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτύραννος: meaning 'tyrants'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τιμήσατεhonorVA AAD2P · τιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτιμάω: meaning 'honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βασιλεύσητεyou may reignVA AAS2P · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβασιλεύω: meaning 'you may reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
τί δέ ἐστιν σοφία καὶ πῶς ἐγένετο ἀπαγγελῶ καὶ οὐκ ἀποκρύψω ὑμῖν μυστήρια ἀλλὰ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς γενέσεως ἐξιχνιάσω καὶ θήσω εἰς τὸ ἐμφανὲς τὴν γνῶσιν αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ μὴ παροδεύσω τὴν ἀλήθειαν
And what wisdom is and how she came to be, I will declare, and I will not hide mysteries from you, but I will trace her out from the beginning of creation and set the knowledge of her in the light, and I will not pass by the truth.
The chapter turns from exhortation to disclosure, promising an account of wisdom's nature and origin without concealment.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπαγγελῶI will declareVF2 FAI1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will declare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκρύψωI will hideVF FAI1S · κρύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μυστήριαsecretsN2N APN · μυστήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμυστήριον: meaning 'secrets'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γενέσεωςof creationN3I GSF · γένεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένεσις: meaning 'of creation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξιχνιάσωI will trace outVF FAI1S · ἐξιχνιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐξιχνιάζω: meaning 'I will trace out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσωI will set / placeVF FAI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'I will set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμφανὲςopenA3 ASN · ἐμφανήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμφανής: meaning 'open'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνῶσινknowledge / discernmentN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροδεύσωI will pass byVF FAI1S · ὁδεύω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁδεύω + παρα: meaning 'I will pass by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλήθειανtruthN1A ASF · ἀλήθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
οὔτε μὴν φθόνῳ τετηκότι συνοδεύσω ὅτι οὗτος οὐ κοινωνήσει σοφίᾳ
Nor indeed will I travel with wasting envy, because that has no fellowship with wisdom.
The teacher refuses companionship with envy because wisdom and corrosive jealousy cannot coexist.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴνmonthX · μήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴν: meaning 'month'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φθόνῳwith envyN2 DSM · φθόνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφθόνος: meaning 'with envy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τετηκότιhaving wasted awayVX · χαπδσμ τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπδσμ τήκω: meaning 'having wasted away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συνοδεύσωI will travel withVF FAI1S · ὁδεύω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁδεύω + συν: meaning 'I will travel with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοινωνήσειwill share inVF FAI3S · κοινωνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκοινωνέω: meaning 'will share in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίᾳwisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
24
πλῆθος δὲ σοφῶν σωτηρία κόσμου καὶ βασιλεὺς φρόνιμος εὐστάθεια δήμου
But a multitude of the wise is the salvation of the world, and a prudent king is the stability of a people.
The social fruit of wisdom is named plainly: many wise people preserve the world, and a prudent king stabilizes the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφῶνwiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σωτηρίαdeliveranceN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτηρία: meaning 'deliverance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κόσμουadornmentN2 GSM · κόσμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκόσμος: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρόνιμοςprudentA1B NSM · φρόνιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνιμος: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐστάθειαstabilityN1A NSF · εὐστάθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐστάθεια: meaning 'stability'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δήμουof the clanN2 GSM · δῆμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδῆμος: meaning 'of the clan'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
25
ὥστε παιδεύεσθε τοῖς ῥήμασίν μου καὶ ὠφεληθήσεσθε
Therefore be instructed by my words, and you will profit.
The chapter closes by returning to direct instruction and promising benefit to those who receive these words.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδεύεσθεbe instructedV1 PMD2P · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαιδεύω: meaning 'be instructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήμασίνwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠφεληθήσεσθεyou will profitVC FPI2P · ὠφελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὠφελέω: meaning 'you will profit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.