1
εἰμὶ μὲν κἀγὼ θνητὸς ἄνθρωπος ἴσος ἅπασιν καὶ γηγενοῦς ἀπόγονος πρωτοπλάστου καὶ ἐν κοιλίᾳ μητρὸς ἐγλύφην σὰρξ
I too am a mortal human being, equal to all, and an offspring of the first-formed earthborn one; and in a mother's womb I was fashioned as flesh.
The chapter opens by leveling royal status: the speaker begins not with privilege but with common mortality and Adamic descent.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
εἰμὶI amV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'I am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κἀγὼI tooC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἀγὼ: meaning 'I too'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θνητὸςmortalA1 NSM · θνητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθνητός: meaning 'mortal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνθρωποςhuman beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἴσοςequalA1 NSM · ἴσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴσος: meaning 'equal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅπασινto allA3P DPM · ἅπαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅπας: meaning 'to all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γηγενοῦςearthbornA3H GSM · γηγενήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγηγενής: meaning 'earthborn'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπόγονοςoffspringA1B NSM · ἀπόγονοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπόγονος: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρωτοπλάστουof the first-formed oneA1B GSM · πρωτόπλαστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρωτόπλαστος: meaning 'of the first-formed one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοιλίᾳwombN1A DSF · κοιλίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκοιλία: meaning 'womb'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μητρὸςof a motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of a mother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγλύφηνI was fashionedN1 ASF · γλυφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλυφή: meaning 'I was fashioned'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σὰρξfleshN3K NSF · σάρξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
δεκαμηνιαίῳ χρόνῳ παγεὶς ἐν αἵματι ἐκ σπέρματος ἀνδρὸς καὶ ἡδονῆς ὕπνῳ συνελθούσης
Over a period of ten months I was compacted in blood, from a man's seed and the pleasure that accompanies sleep.
The speaker continues with an unadorned account of conception and gestation, stressing bodily origins shared by all.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
δεκαμηνιαίῳten-monthA1A DSM · δεκαμηνιαῖοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεκαμηνιαῖος: meaning 'ten-month'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χρόνῳperiodN2 DSM · χρόνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρόνος: meaning 'period'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παγεὶςhaving been compactedVD · αππνσμ πήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ πήγνυμι: meaning 'having been compacted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἵματιbloodN3M DSN · αἷμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σπέρματοςseedN3M GSN · σπέρμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνδρὸςof a manN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'of a man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡδονῆςpleasureN1 GSF · ἡδονήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡδονή: meaning 'pleasure'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὕπνῳsleepN2 DSM · ὕπνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕπνος: meaning 'sleep'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συνελθούσηςhaving come togetherVB · ααπγσφ ἔρχομαι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγσφ ἔρχομαι + συν: meaning 'having come together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
καὶ ἐγὼ δὲ γενόμενος ἔσπασα τὸν κοινὸν ἀέρα καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ὁμοιοπαθῆ κατέπεσον γῆν πρώτην φωνὴν τὴν ὁμοίαν πᾶσιν ἴσα κλαίων
And I too, once born, drew in the common air and fell upon the same earth that suffers alike; and my first voice, like that of all, was crying.
Birth itself is described in universal terms: common air, common ground, and the common cry of infancy.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενόμενοςhaving come into beingVB · αμπνσμ γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ γίγνομαι: meaning 'having come into being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔσπασαI drew inVAI AAI1S · σπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσπάω: meaning 'I drew in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοινὸνcommonA1 ASM · κοινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοινός: meaning 'common'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀέραairN3 ASM · ἀήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀήρ: meaning 'air'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁμοιοπαθῆsame-sufferingA3 ASF · ὁμοιοπαθήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁμοιοπαθής: meaning 'same-suffering'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατέπεσονI fellVBI AAI3P · πίπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω + κατα: meaning 'I fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρώτηνfirstA1 ASFS · πρῶτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁμοίανsimilarA1A ASF · ὅμοιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅμοιος: meaning 'similar'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πᾶσινto allA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'to all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἴσαequallyA1 APN · ἴσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἴσος: meaning 'equally'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κλαίωνcryingV1 · παπνσμ κλαίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κλαίω: meaning 'crying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ἐν σπαργάνοις ἀνετράφην καὶ φροντίσιν
In swaddling cloths I was reared, and with cares.
Even the infancy of the king proves ordinary, dependent on wrapping and anxious human care.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σπαργάνοιςswaddling clothsN2N DPM · σπάργανονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσπάργανον: meaning 'swaddling cloths'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνετράφηνI was rearedVDI API1S · τρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'I was reared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φροντίσινcaresN3D DPF · φροντίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφροντίς: meaning 'cares'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
5
οὐδεὶς γὰρ βασιλέων ἑτέραν ἔσχεν γενέσεως ἀρχήν
For no king had any different beginning of birth.
The point is made explicit: monarchy does not grant an alternate origin.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλέωνof kingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'of kings'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑτέρανdifferentA1A ASF · ἕτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἕτερος: meaning 'different'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔσχενhadVBI AAI3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔχω: meaning 'had'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γενέσεωςof birthN3I GSF · γένεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένεσις: meaning 'of birth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀρχήνbeginningN1 ASF · ἀρχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
μία δὲ πάντων εἴσοδος εἰς τὸν βίον ἔξοδός τε ἴση
But one entrance into life is for all, and one equal departure.
The opening unit closes by pairing common birth with common death, enclosing all human distinction within the same frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countμία: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντωνof allA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'of all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἴσοδοςentranceN2 NSF · εἴσοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεἴσοδος: meaning 'entrance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίονlifeN2 ASM · βίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔξοδόςdepartureN2 NSF · ἔξοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔξοδος: meaning 'departure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴσηequalA1 NSF · ἴσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴσος: meaning 'equal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
διὰ τοῦτο εὐξάμην καὶ φρόνησις ἐδόθη μοι ἐπεκαλεσάμην καὶ ἦλθέν μοι πνεῦμα σοφίας
Therefore I prayed, and understanding was given to me; I called upon God, and a spirit of wisdom came to me.
Because human greatness is not native, the speaker turns from birth to prayer and presents wisdom as received gift rather than inherited possession.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐξάμηνI prayedVA AMI1S · εὔχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὔχομαι: meaning 'I prayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνησιςunderstandingN3I NSF · φρόνησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνησις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐδόθηwas givenVCI API3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'was given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπεκαλεσάμηνI called uponVAI AMI1S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'I called upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθένcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'of wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
προέκρινα αὐτὴν σκήπτρων καὶ θρόνων καὶ πλοῦτον οὐδὲν ἡγησάμην ἐν συγκρίσει αὐτῆς
I preferred her to scepters and thrones, and I regarded wealth as nothing in comparison with her.
Wisdom is ranked above the conventional symbols of rule and material power.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
προέκριναI preferredVAI AAI1S · κρίνω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω + προ: meaning 'I preferred'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκήπτρωνto sceptersN2N GPN · σκῆπτρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκῆπτρον: meaning 'to scepters'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θρόνωνto thronesN2 GPM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'to thrones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲνas nothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'as nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡγησάμηνI regardedVAI AMI1S · ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἡγέομαι: meaning 'I regarded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συγκρίσειin comparisonN3I DSF · σύγκρισιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσύγκρισις: meaning 'in comparison'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
οὐδὲ ὡμοίωσα αὐτῇ λίθον ἀτίμητον ὅτι ὁ πᾶς χρυσὸς ἐν ὄψει αὐτῆς ψάμμος ὀλίγη καὶ ὡς πηλὸς λογισθήσεται ἄργυρος ἐναντίον αὐτῆς
Nor did I compare any priceless stone to her, because all gold, in her sight, is a little sand, and silver will be reckoned as clay before her.
Precious metals and jewels are reduced to trivial matter when measured against wisdom's worth.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡμοίωσαI comparedVAI AAI1S · ὁμοίοωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁμοίοω: meaning 'I compared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇin herRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'in her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λίθονa stoneN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'a stone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀτίμητονpricelessA1B ASM · ἀτίμητοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀτίμητος: meaning 'priceless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρυσὸςgoldA1 NSM · χρυσόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσός: meaning 'gold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄψειin sightN3I DSF · ὄψιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄψις: meaning 'in sight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψάμμοςsandN2 NSF · ψάμμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψάμμος: meaning 'sand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀλίγηlittleA1 NSF · ὀλίγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀλίγος: meaning 'little'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πηλὸςclayN2 NSM · πηλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηλός: meaning 'clay'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λογισθήσεταιwill be reckonedVS FPI3S · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλογίζομαι: meaning 'will be reckoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄργυροςsilverN2 NSM · ἄργυροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄργυρος: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐναντίονbeforeD · ἐναντίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
ὑπὲρ ὑγίειαν καὶ εὐμορφίαν ἠγάπησα αὐτὴν καὶ προειλόμην αὐτὴν ἀντὶ φωτὸς ἔχειν ὅτι ἀκοίμητον τὸ ἐκ ταύτης φέγγος
I loved her more than health and beauty, and I chose to have her instead of light, because the radiance that comes from her never sleeps.
The comparison sharpens: wisdom outranks bodily well-being, aesthetic delight, and even visible illumination.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὑπὲρmore thanP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'more than'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑγίειανhealthN1A ASF · ὑγίειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑγίεια: meaning 'health'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐμορφίανbeautyN1A ASF · εὐμορφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐμορφία: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἠγάπησαI lovedVAI AAI1S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'I loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προειλόμηνI choseVBI AMI1S · αἱρέω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + προ: meaning 'I chose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φωτὸςlightN3T GSN · φῶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔχεινto haveV1 PAN · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔχω: meaning 'to have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκοίμητονsleeplessA1B NSN · ἀκοίμητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκοίμητος: meaning 'sleepless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταύτηςfrom herRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'from her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φέγγοςradianceN3E NSN · φέγγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφέγγος: meaning 'radiance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
ἦλθεν δέ μοι τὰ ἀγαθὰ ὁμοῦ πάντα μετ' αὐτῆς καὶ ἀναρίθμητος πλοῦτος ἐν χερσὶν αὐτῆς
And all good things came to me together with her, and in her hands was wealth beyond numbering.
The chapter adds that wisdom does not impoverish the one who chooses her; other goods arrive in her company.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 NPN · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁμοῦtogetherD · ὁμοῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοῦ: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταall thingsA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναρίθμητοςbeyond numberingA1B NSM · ἀναρίθμητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀναρίθμητος: meaning 'beyond numbering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χερσὶνin handsN3 DPF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'in hands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
εὐφράνθην δὲ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ὅτι αὐτῶν ἡγεῖται σοφία ἠγνόουν δὲ αὐτὴν γενέτιν εἶναι τούτων
And I rejoiced in them all because wisdom leads them, though I did not know that she was their mother.
The speaker confesses a deeper realization: wisdom is not only better than created goods but their generative source and guide.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εὐφράνθηνI rejoicedVC API1S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐφραίνω: meaning 'I rejoiced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινto allA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'to all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡγεῖταιleadsV2 PMI3S · ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἡγέομαι: meaning 'leads'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠγνόουνI did not knowV2I IAI1S · ἀγνοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγνοέω: meaning 'I did not know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γενέτινmotherN3I ASF · γενέτιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενέτις: meaning 'mother'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τούτωνof these thingsRD GPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'of these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ἀδόλως τε ἔμαθον ἀφθόνως τε μεταδίδωμι τὸν πλοῦτον αὐτῆς οὐκ ἀποκρύπτομαι
I learned without deceit, and I share without envy; I do not hide her wealth.
The speaker presents his teaching vocation as transparent and generous, refusing secrecy or rivalry in transmitting wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀδόλωςwithout deceitD · ἀδόλωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀδόλως: meaning 'without deceit'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμαθονI learnedVBI AAI1S · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμανθάνω: meaning 'I learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀφθόνωςwithout envyD · ἀφθόνωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀφθόνως: meaning 'without envy'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταδίδωμιI shareV8 PAI1S · δίδωμι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι + μετα: meaning 'I share'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκρύπτομαιI concealV1 PMI1S · κρύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'I conceal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
ἀνεκλιπὴς γὰρ θησαυρός ἐστιν ἀνθρώποις ὃν οἱ κτησάμενοι πρὸς θεὸν ἐστείλαντο φιλίαν διὰ τὰς ἐκ παιδείας δωρεὰς συσταθέντες
For she is an unfailing treasure for human beings; those who acquire her win friendship with God, having been commended by the gifts that come from instruction.
Wisdom's inexhaustibility explains why she can be shared freely: her acquisition aligns human beings with God himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἀνεκλιπὴςunfailingA3 NSM · ἀνεκλιπήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνεκλιπής: meaning 'unfailing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θησαυρόςtreasureN2 NSM · θησαυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθησαυρός: meaning 'treasure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθρώποιςfor human beingsN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'for human beings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱthose whoRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτησάμενοιhaving acquiredVA · αμπνπμ κτάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνπμ κτάομαι: meaning 'having acquired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐστείλαντοwonVAI AMI3P · στέλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω: meaning 'won'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φιλίανfriendshipN1A ASF · φιλίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφιλία: meaning 'friendship'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παιδείαςof instructionN1A GSF · παιδείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'of instruction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δωρεὰςgiftsN1A APF · δωρεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδωρεά: meaning 'gifts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
συσταθέντεςhaving been commendedVC · αππνπμ ἵστημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνπμ ἵστημι + συν: meaning 'having been commended'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
ἐμοὶ δὲ δῴη ὁ θεὸς εἰπεῖν κατὰ γνώμην καὶ ἐνθυμηθῆναι ἀξίως τῶν δεδομένων ὅτι αὐτὸς καὶ τῆς σοφίας ὁδηγός ἐστιν καὶ τῶν σοφῶν διορθωτής
And may God grant me to speak according to sound judgment and to think worthily of the things that have been given, because he himself is the guide of wisdom and the one who sets the wise right.
The speaker pauses to ask for speech and thought proportionate to wisdom's dignity, acknowledging God as wisdom's true governor.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐμοὶto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῴηmay giveVO AAO3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'may give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰπεῖνto speakVB AAN · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementλέγω: meaning 'to speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γνώμηνjudgmentN1 ASF · γνώμηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνώμη: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνθυμηθῆναιto thinkVC APN · θυμέομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementθυμέομαι + ἐν: meaning 'to think'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀξίωςworthilyD · ἀξίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀξίως: meaning 'worthily'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεδομένωνthings givenVM · χμπγπμ δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπγπμ δίδωμι: meaning 'things given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'of wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁδηγόςguideN2 NSM · ὁδηγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδηγός: meaning 'guide'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφῶνof the wiseA1 GPM · σοφόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφός: meaning 'of the wise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διορθωτήςcorrectorN1M NSM · διορθωτήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιορθωτής: meaning 'corrector'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
ἐν γὰρ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ λόγοι ἡμῶν πᾶσά τε φρόνησις καὶ ἐργατειῶν ἐπιστήμη
For in his hand are both we and our words, and all understanding as well, and skill in craftsmanship.
Human life, speech, insight, and technical competence are all placed under God's active sovereignty.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χειρὶin the handN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'in the hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμεῖςweRP NP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμεῖς: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthose whoRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιwordsN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνof usRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'of us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πᾶσάallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνησιςunderstandingN3I NSF · φρόνησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνησις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐργατειῶνof craftsN1A GPF · ἐργατείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐργατεία: meaning 'of crafts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπιστήμηknowledgeN1 NSF · ἐπιστήμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιστήμη: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
17
αὐτὸς γάρ μοι ἔδωκεν τῶν ὄντων γνῶσιν ἀψευδῆ εἰδέναι σύστασιν κόσμου καὶ ἐνέργειαν στοιχείων
For he himself gave me unerring knowledge of the things that are, to know the structure of the world and the working of the elements,
The chapter now specifies the scope of wisdom's instruction in creation: it yields truthful knowledge of reality as ordered by God.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκενgaveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄντωνthings that areV9 · παπγπν εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπν εἰμί: meaning 'things that are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀψευδῆunerringA3H ASF · ἀψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀψευδής: meaning 'unerring'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰδέναιto knowVX XAN · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἶδα: meaning 'to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύστασινstructureN3I ASF · σύστασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύστασις: meaning 'structure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κόσμουof the worldN2 GSM · κόσμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκόσμος: meaning 'of the world'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέργειανworkingN1A ASF · ἐνέργειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐνέργεια: meaning 'working'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στοιχείωνof the elementsN2N GPN · στοιχεῖονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστοιχεῖον: meaning 'of the elements'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος καὶ μεσότητα χρόνων τροπῶν ἀλλαγὰς καὶ μεταβολὰς καιρῶν
the beginning and end and middle of times, the changes of solstices and the alterations of seasons,
The created order is surveyed temporally, from the broad span of time to its recurring transitions.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀρχὴνbeginningN1 ASF · ἀρχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεσότηταmiddleN3T ASF · μεσότηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμεσότης: meaning 'middle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χρόνωνof timesN2 GPM · χρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρόνος: meaning 'of times'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τροπῶνof solsticesN1 GPF · τροπήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτροπή: meaning 'of solstices'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλλαγὰςchangesN1 APF · ἀλλαγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλαγή: meaning 'changes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταβολὰςalterationsN1 APF · μεταβολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμεταβολή: meaning 'alterations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καιρῶνof seasonsN2 GPM · καιρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαιρός: meaning 'of seasons'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
19
ἐνιαυτοῦ κύκλους καὶ ἄστρων θέσεις
the cycles of the year and the positions of the stars,
Astronomical order is included within wisdom's reach, extending knowledge from seasons to the heavens.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ἐνιαυτοῦof the yearN2 GSM · ἐνιαυτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός: meaning 'of the year'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κύκλουςcyclesN2 APM · κύκλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύκλος: meaning 'cycles'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄστρωνof starsN2N GPN · ἄστρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄστρον: meaning 'of stars'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θέσειςpositionsN3I APF · θέσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθέσις: meaning 'positions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
φύσεις ζῴων καὶ θυμοὺς θηρίων πνευμάτων βίας καὶ διαλογισμοὺς ἀνθρώπων διαφορὰς φυτῶν καὶ δυνάμεις ῥιζῶν
the natures of living creatures and the tempers of wild beasts, the violence of spirits and the reasonings of human beings, the varieties of plants and the powers of roots.
The list widens into zoology, anthropology, and botany, presenting wisdom as comprehensive across living reality.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
φύσειςnaturesN3I APF · φύσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφύσις: meaning 'natures'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζῴωνof living creaturesN2 GPN · ζῷονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζῷον: meaning 'of living creatures'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμοὺςtempersN2 APM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'tempers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θηρίωνof wild beastsN2N GPN · θηρίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθηρίον: meaning 'of wild beasts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πνευμάτωνof spiritsN3M GPN · πνεῦμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'of spirits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βίαςviolenceN1A APF · βίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβία: meaning 'violence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαλογισμοὺςreasoningsN2 APM · διαλογισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαλογισμός: meaning 'reasonings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρώπωνof human beingsN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'of human beings'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διαφορὰςvarietiesN1A APF · διαφοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαφορά: meaning 'varieties'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φυτῶνof plantsN2N GPN · φυτόνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφυτόν: meaning 'of plants'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυνάμειςpowersN3I APF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'powers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ῥιζῶνof rootsN1S GPF · ῥίζαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥίζα: meaning 'of roots'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
21
ὅσα τέ ἐστιν κρυπτὰ καὶ ἐμφανῆ ἔγνων ἡ γὰρ πάντων τεχνῖτις ἐδίδαξέν με σοφία
Both the hidden things and the manifest I came to know, for wisdom, the craftsman of all things, taught me.
The catalogue resolves in a compact claim: wisdom teaches both visible and concealed realities because she is the artisan of the whole.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅσαwhatever thingsA1 NPN · ὅσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'whatever things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τέbothX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτέ: meaning 'both'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρυπτὰhiddenA1 NPN · κρυπτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρυπτός: meaning 'hidden'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμφανῆmanifestA3H NPN · ἐμφανήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμφανής: meaning 'manifest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔγνωνI came to knowVZI AAI1S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'I came to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντωνof allA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'of all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεχνῖτιςcraftsmanN3 NSF · τεχνῖτιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτεχνῖτις: meaning 'craftsman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐδίδαξένtaughtVAI AAI3S · διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδιδάσκω: meaning 'taught'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
22
ἔστιν γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ πνεῦμα νοερόν ἅγιον μονογενές πολυμερές λεπτόν εὐκίνητον τρανόν ἀμόλυντον σαφές ἀπήμαντον φιλάγαθον ὀξύ
For in her there is a spirit that is intelligent, holy, unique, manifold, subtle, mobile, clear, undefiled, distinct, invulnerable, loving the good, keen,
The hymn to wisdom begins with an asyndetic chain of qualities, emphasizing both purity and living potency.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇin herRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'in her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νοερόνintelligentA1A NSN · νοερόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνοερός: meaning 'intelligent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅγιονholyA1A NSN · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μονογενέςuniqueA3H NSN · μονογενήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμονογενής: meaning 'unique'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολυμερέςmanifoldA3H NSN · πολυμερήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολυμερής: meaning 'manifold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λεπτόνsubtleA1 NSN · λεπτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλεπτός: meaning 'subtle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐκίνητονmobileA1B NSN · εὐκίνητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐκίνητος: meaning 'mobile'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τρανόνclearA1 NSN · τρανόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρανός: meaning 'clear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀμόλυντονundefiledA1B NSN · ἀμόλυντοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμόλυντος: meaning 'undefiled'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σαφέςdistinctA3H NSN · σαφήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσαφής: meaning 'distinct'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπήμαντονinvulnerableA1B NSN · ἀπήμαντοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπήμαντος: meaning 'invulnerable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φιλάγαθονloving the goodA1B NSN · φιλάγαθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφιλάγαθος: meaning 'loving the good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀξύkeenA3U NSN · ὀξύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀξύς: meaning 'keen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
23
ἀκώλυτον εὐεργετικόν φιλάνθρωπον βέβαιον ἀσφαλές ἀμέριμνον παντοδύναμον πανεπίσκοπον καὶ διὰ πάντων χωροῦν πνευμάτων νοερῶν καθαρῶν λεπτοτάτων
irresistible, beneficent, humane, steadfast, secure, free from care, all-powerful, all-surveying, and permeating all intelligent, pure, and most subtle spirits.
The catalogue continues by stressing wisdom's beneficent authority and her capacity to move through every fitting spiritual medium.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἀκώλυτονirresistibleA1B NSN · ἀκώλυτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκώλυτος: meaning 'irresistible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐεργετικόνbeneficentA1 NSN · εὐεργετικόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐεργετικός: meaning 'beneficent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φιλάνθρωπονhumaneA1B NSN · φιλάνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφιλάνθρωπος: meaning 'humane'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βέβαιονsteadfastA1A NSN · βέβαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβέβαιος: meaning 'steadfast'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσφαλέςsecureA3H NSN · ἀσφαλήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσφαλής: meaning 'secure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀμέριμνονfree from careA1B NSN · ἀμέριμνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμέριμνος: meaning 'free from care'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παντοδύναμονall-powerfulA1B NSN · παντοδύναμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαντοδύναμος: meaning 'all-powerful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πανεπίσκοπονall-surveyingA1B NSN · πανεπίσκοποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπανεπίσκοπος: meaning 'all-surveying'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάντωνof allA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'of all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χωροῦνpermeatingV2 · παπνσν χωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσν χωρέω: meaning 'permeating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πνευμάτωνof spiritsN3M GPN · πνεῦμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'of spirits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νοερῶνintelligentA1A GPN · νοερόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνοερός: meaning 'intelligent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καθαρῶνpureA1A GPN · καθαρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαθαρός: meaning 'pure'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λεπτοτάτωνmost subtleA1 GPMS · λεπτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλεπτός: meaning 'most subtle'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24
πάσης γὰρ κινήσεως κινητικώτερον σοφία διήκει δὲ καὶ χωρεῖ διὰ πάντων διὰ τὴν καθαρότητα
For wisdom is more mobile than every motion; and because of her purity she pervades and passes through all things.
The prior list is grounded in wisdom's purity and unsurpassed subtlety of action.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
πάσηςof everyA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'of every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κινήσεωςmotionN3I GSF · κίνησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκίνησις: meaning 'motion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κινητικώτερονmore mobileA1 NSNC · κινητικόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκινητικός: meaning 'more mobile'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διήκειpervadesV1 PAI3S · ἥκω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥκω + δια: meaning 'pervades'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χωρεῖpasses throughV2 PAI3S · χωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχωρέω: meaning 'passes through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάντωνof allA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'of all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθαρότηταpurityN3T ASF · καθαρότηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαθαρότης: meaning 'purity'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
25
ἀτμὶς γάρ ἐστιν τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ δυνάμεως καὶ ἀπόρροια τῆς τοῦ παντοκράτορος δόξης εἰλικρινής διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲν μεμιαμμένον εἰς αὐτὴν παρεμπίπτει
For she is a breath of the power of God and a pure emanation of the glory of the Almighty; therefore nothing defiled falls into her.
Wisdom is now described through images of procession from God that preserve both intimacy and purity.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἀτμὶςbreathN3D NSF · ἀτμίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτμίς: meaning 'breath'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δυνάμεωςof powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'of power'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπόρροιαemanationN1A NSF · ἀπόρροιαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπόρροια: meaning 'emanation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παντοκράτοροςof the AlmightyN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'of the Almighty'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δόξηςof gloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'of glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰλικρινήςpureA3H NSF · εἰλικρινήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεἰλικρινής: meaning 'pure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲνas nothingA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'as nothing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεμιαμμένονdefiledVM · χμπνσν μιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσν μιαίνω: meaning 'defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρεμπίπτειfalls intoV1 PAI3S · πίπτω + παρα + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπίπτω + παρα + ἐν: meaning 'falls into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
ἀπαύγασμα γάρ ἐστιν φωτὸς ἀϊδίου καὶ ἔσοπτρον ἀκηλίδωτον τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐνεργείας καὶ εἰκὼν τῆς ἀγαθότητος αὐτοῦ
For she is a radiance of eternal light, and a spotless mirror of the working of God, and an image of his goodness.
The metaphors sharpen into visual language: wisdom reflects, reveals, and images God's own beneficent activity.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀπαύγασμαradianceN3M NSN · ἀπαύγασμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπαύγασμα: meaning 'radiance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωτὸςlightN3T GSN · φῶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀϊδίουeternalA1B GSN · ἀί̈διοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀί̈διος: meaning 'eternal'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσοπτρονmirrorN2N NSN · ἔσοπτρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔσοπτρον: meaning 'mirror'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκηλίδωτονspotlessA1B NSN · ἀκηλίδωτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκηλίδωτος: meaning 'spotless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνεργείαςof workingN1A GSF · ἐνέργειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐνέργεια: meaning 'of working'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰκὼνimageV1 · παπνσμ εἴκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἴκω: meaning 'image'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθότητοςof goodnessN3T GSF · ἀγαθότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθότης: meaning 'of goodness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
27
μία δὲ οὖσα πάντα δύναται καὶ μένουσα ἐν αὑτῇ τὰ πάντα καινίζει καὶ κατὰ γενεὰς εἰς ψυχὰς ὁσίας μεταβαίνουσα φίλους θεοῦ καὶ προφήτας κατασκευάζει
Though she is one, she can do all things; and remaining in herself, she renews all things; and passing into holy souls from generation to generation, she makes them friends of God and prophets.
Wisdom's unity does not limit her power; instead it enables continual renewal and the formation of God's holy servants in history.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countμία: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖσαbeingV9 · παπνσφ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταall thingsA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δύναταιcanV6 PMI3S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδύναμαι: meaning 'can'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μένουσαremainingV1 · παπνσφ μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ μένω: meaning 'remaining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὑτῇin herselfRD DSF · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὑτῇ: meaning 'in herself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταall thingsA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καινίζειrenewsV1 PAI3S · καινίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαινίζω: meaning 'renews'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεὰςgenerationsN1A APF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'generations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψυχὰςsoulsN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'souls'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁσίαςholyA1A APF · ὅσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅσιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεταβαίνουσαpassing intoV1 · παπνσφ βαίνω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ βαίνω + μετα: meaning 'passing into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φίλουςfriendsA1 APM · φίλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφίλος: meaning 'friends'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προφήταςprophetsN1M APM · προφήτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophets'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατασκευάζειmakesV1 PAI3S · σκευάζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκευάζω + κατα: meaning 'makes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
οὐθὲν γὰρ ἀγαπᾷ ὁ θεὸς εἰ μὴ τὸν σοφίᾳ συνοικοῦντα
For God loves nothing except the one who dwells together with wisdom.
The bond between God and the wise person is stated with striking exclusiveness.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὐθὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'loves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰexceptC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'except'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnot / exceptD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίᾳwith wisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφία: meaning 'with wisdom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συνοικοῦνταdwelling together withV2 · παπασμ οἰκέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ οἰκέω + συν: meaning 'dwelling together with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
ἔστιν γὰρ αὕτη εὐπρεπεστέρα ἡλίου καὶ ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν ἄστρων θέσιν φωτὶ συγκρινομένη εὑρίσκεται προτέρα
For she is more beautiful than the sun and above every arrangement of the stars; when compared with the light, she is found to be prior.
Even the brightest created lights are surpassed by wisdom, who is measured not merely as luminous but as antecedent to light's order.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὕτηsheRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'she'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐπρεπεστέραmore beautifulA3H NSFC · εὐπρεπήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐπρεπής: meaning 'more beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡλίουthan the sunN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἥλιος: meaning 'than the sun'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρmore thanP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'more than'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανeveryA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄστρωνof starsN2N GPN · ἄστρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄστρον: meaning 'of stars'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θέσινarrangementN3I ASF · θέσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθέσις: meaning 'arrangement'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φωτὶwith the lightN3T DSN · φῶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφῶς: meaning 'with the light'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συγκρινομένηbeing comparedV1 · πμπνσφ κρίνω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ κρίνω + συν: meaning 'being compared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὑρίσκεταιis foundV1 PMI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὑρίσκω: meaning 'is found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προτέραpriorA1A NSFC · πρῶτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρῶτος: meaning 'prior'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
30
τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ διαδέχεται νύξ σοφίας δὲ οὐ κατισχύει κακία
For night succeeds this light, but wickedness does not prevail over wisdom.
The chapter ends with a final contrast: natural light may yield to darkness, but wisdom is never overcome by evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαδέχεταιsucceedsV1 PMI3S · δέχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέχομαι + δια: meaning 'succeeds'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νύξnightN3 NSF · νύξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'of wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατισχύειprevails overV1 PAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevails over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακίαwickednessN1A NSF · κακίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.