1
διατείνει δὲ ἀπὸ πέρατος ἐπὶ πέρας εὐρώστως καὶ διοικεῖ τὰ πάντα χρηστῶς
But she stretches from end to end mightily and governs all things beneficially.
The chapter opens with a summary claim about wisdom's comprehensive reach and benevolent governance over the whole ordered world.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διατείνειstretches forthV1 PAI3S · τείνω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτείνω + δια: meaning 'stretches forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πέρατοςof endN3T GSN · πέραςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπέρας: meaning 'of end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πέραςendN3T NSN · πέραςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπέρας: meaning 'end'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐρώστωςvigorouslyD · εὐρώστωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὐρώστως: meaning 'vigorously'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διοικεῖgovernsV2 PAI3S · οἰκέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκέω + δια: meaning 'governs'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χρηστῶςbeneficiallyD · χρηστῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχρηστῶς: meaning 'beneficially'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
ταύτην ἐφίλησα καὶ ἐξεζήτησα ἐκ νεότητός μου καὶ ἐζήτησα νύμφην ἀγαγέσθαι ἐμαυτῷ καὶ ἐραστὴς ἐγενόμην τοῦ κάλλους αὐτῆς
This one I loved and sought out from my youth, and I sought to take her as a bride for myself, and I became a lover of her beauty.
The speaker turns from praise to desire, presenting wisdom under nuptial imagery as the beloved sought from youth onward.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐφίλησαI lovedVAI AAI1S · φιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφιλέω: meaning 'I loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεζήτησαI sought outVAI AAI1S · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I sought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεότητόςyouthN3T GSF · νεότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐζήτησαto inquireVAI AAI1S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristζητέω: meaning 'to inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νύμφηνbrideN1 ASF · νύμφηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνύμφη: meaning 'bride'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαγέσθαιto takeVB AMN · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄγω: meaning 'to take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμαυτῷ: meaning 'for myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐραστὴςloverN1M NSM · ἐραστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐραστής: meaning 'lover'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγενόμηνI becameVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'I became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλλουςbeautyN3E GSN · κάλλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
εὐγένειαν δοξάζει συμβίωσιν θεοῦ ἔχουσα καὶ ὁ πάντων δεσπότης ἠγάπησεν αὐτήν
She glorifies her noble birth by living with God, and the Master of all loved her.
Wisdom's beauty is not merely aesthetic; it arises from her divine intimacy and beloved status before the Master of all.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εὐγένειανnoble birthN1A ASF · εὐγένειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐγένεια: meaning 'noble birth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δοξάζειhonor, glorifyV1 PAI3S · δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδοξάζω: meaning 'honor, glorify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συμβίωσινlife withN3I ASF · συμβίωσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυμβίωσις: meaning 'life with'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔχουσαhavingV1 · παπνσφ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δεσπότηςMasterN1M NSM · δεσπότηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεσπότης: meaning 'Master'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠγάπησενlovedVAI AAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
μύστις γάρ ἐστιν τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπιστήμης καὶ αἱρετὶς τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ
For she is an initiate in the knowledge of God and a chooser of his works.
Her authority is anchored in access to God's own knowledge and works, making her the proper object of pursuit.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μύστιςinitiateN3D NSF · μύστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμύστις: meaning 'initiate'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπιστήμηςknowledgeN1 GSF · ἐπιστήμηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπιστήμη: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱρετὶςchooserN3D NSF · αἱρετίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἱρετίς: meaning 'chooser'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργωνworks / laboursN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
εἰ δὲ πλοῦτός ἐστιν ἐπιθυμητὸν κτῆμα ἐν βίῳ τί σοφίας πλουσιώτερον τῆς τὰ πάντα ἐργαζομένης
And if wealth is a desirable possession in life, what is richer than wisdom, who accomplishes all things?
The discourse now argues from common human desire: if wealth is prized, wisdom must be more desirable still because she is productive beyond all riches.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εἰεἰC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'εἰ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλοῦτόςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιθυμητὸνdesirableA1B NSN · ἐπιθυμητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμητός: meaning 'desirable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κτῆμαpossessionN3M NSN · κτῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκτῆμα: meaning 'possession'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βίῳpropertyN2 DSM · βίοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβίος: meaning 'property'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τίwhat? who?RI NSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what? who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλουσιώτερονricherA1A NSNC · πλούσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλούσιος: meaning 'richer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐργαζομένηςaccomplishingV1 · πμπγσφ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'accomplishing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
εἰ δὲ φρόνησις ἐργάζεται τίς αὐτῆς τῶν ὄντων μᾶλλόν ἐστιν τεχνῖτις
And if understanding works, who among existing things is more of an artisan than she?
The same logic is restated from the angle of practical intelligence: if understanding is effective, wisdom is the supreme craftswoman.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἰεἰC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'εἰ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνησιςφρόνησιςN3I NSF · φρόνησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνησις: meaning 'φρόνησις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐργάζεταιworksV1 PMI3S · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐργάζομαι: meaning 'works'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αὐτῆςitRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄντωνisV9 · παπγπν εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπν εἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μᾶλλόνmᾶllonD · μᾶλλονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμᾶλλόν: meaning 'mᾶllon'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τεχνῖτιςcraftswomanN3 NSF · τεχνῖτιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτεχνῖτις: meaning 'craftswoman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
καὶ εἰ δικαιοσύνην ἀγαπᾷ τις οἱ πόνοι ταύτης εἰσὶν ἀρεταί σωφροσύνην γὰρ καὶ φρόνησιν ἐκδιδάσκει δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἀνδρείαν ὧν χρησιμώτερον οὐδέν ἐστιν ἐν βίῳ ἀνθρώποις
And if anyone loves righteousness, her labors are virtues; for she teaches self-control and prudence, righteousness and courage, than which nothing is more useful for human beings in life.
Wisdom's value is then unpacked ethically, since life with her yields the cardinal virtues most useful for human life.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰεἰC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'εἰ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'loves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιςsomeoneRI NSM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτις: meaning 'someone'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόνοιlaborsN2 NPM · πόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόνος: meaning 'labors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰσὶνbeV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀρεταίvirtuesN1 NPF · ἀρετήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρετή: meaning 'virtues'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σωφροσύνηνmoderationN1 ASF · σωφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωφροσύνη: meaning 'moderation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνησινprudenceN3I ASF · φρόνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'prudence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκδιδάσκειdidaskokV1 PAI3S · διδάσκω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδιδάσκω + ἐκ: meaning 'didaskok'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνδρείανskillA1A ASF · ἀνδρεῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'skill'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χρησιμώτερονmore usefulA1 ASNC · χρήσιμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρήσιμος: meaning 'more useful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδένno oneA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βίῳpropertyN2 DSM · βίοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβίος: meaning 'property'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνθρώποιςhuman beingN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
8
εἰ δὲ καὶ πολυπειρίαν ποθεῖ τις οἶδεν τὰ ἀρχαῖα καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα εἰκάζει ἐπίσταται στροφὰς λόγων καὶ λύσεις αἰνιγμάτων σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα προγινώσκει καὶ ἐκβάσεις καιρῶν καὶ χρόνων
And if anyone longs even for great experience, she knows ancient things and infers the things to come; she understands turns of speech and solutions of riddles; she knows beforehand signs and wonders and the outcomes of seasons and times.
Her range extends beyond virtue into interpretation, memory, foresight, and discernment of riddles, signs, and times.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
εἰεἰC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'εἰ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολυπειρίανgreat experienceN1A ASF · πολυπειρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολυπειρία: meaning 'great experience'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποθεῖlongs forV2 PAI3S · ποθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποθέω: meaning 'longs for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιςsomeoneRI NSM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτις: meaning 'someone'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχαῖαἀρχαῖοςA1A APN · ἀρχαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρχαῖος: meaning 'ἀρχαῖος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέλλονταthings to comeV1 · παπαπν μέλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπν μέλλω: meaning 'things to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰκάζειinfersV1 PAI3S · εἰκάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰκάζω: meaning 'infers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπίσταταιunderstandsV6 PMI3S · ἐπίσταμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐπίσταμαι: meaning 'understands'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στροφὰςturnsN1 APF · στροφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστροφή: meaning 'turns'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λόγωνwordsN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λύσειςsolutionsN3I APF · λύσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλύσις: meaning 'solutions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰνιγμάτωνof riddlesN3M GPN · αἴνιγμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἴνιγμα: meaning 'of riddles'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σημεῖαsemeiaN2N APN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'semeia'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέραταportentN3T ASN · τέραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέρας: meaning 'portent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
προγινώσκειknows beforehandV1 PAI3S · γιγνώσκω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγιγνώσκω + προ: meaning 'knows beforehand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκβάσειςoutcomesN3I APF · ἔκβασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔκβασις: meaning 'outcomes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καιρῶνtimeN2 GPM · καιρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρόνωνtimeN2 GPM · χρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
ἔκρινα τοίνυν ταύτην ἀγαγέσθαι πρὸς συμβίωσιν εἰδὼς ὅτι ἔσται μοι σύμβουλος ἀγαθῶν καὶ παραίνεσις φροντίδων καὶ λύπης
Therefore I decided to take her into shared life, knowing that she would be a counselor of good things for me and a solace from cares and grief.
The speaker resolves to take wisdom into shared life because she promises counsel and inward relief rather than mere display.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἔκριναI decidedVAI AAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω: meaning 'I decided'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοίνυνthereforeX · τοίνυνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτοίνυν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγαγέσθαιto takeVB AMN · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄγω: meaning 'to take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συμβίωσινshared lifeV4 PAS3P · βιόω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβιόω + συν: meaning 'shared life'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰδὼςknowingVX · χαπνσμ οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ οἶδα: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιfrom meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'from me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σύμβουλοςcounselorN2 NSM · σύμβουλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύμβουλος: meaning 'counselor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθῶνagathonA1 GPN · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'agathon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραίνεσιςsolaceN3I NSF · παραίνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαραίνεσις: meaning 'solace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φροντίδωνof caresN3D GPF · φροντίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφροντίς: meaning 'of cares'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λύπηςgriefN1 GSF · λύπηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλύπη: meaning 'grief'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
10
ἕξω δι' αὐτὴν δόξαν ἐν ὄχλοις καὶ τιμὴν παρὰ πρεσβυτέροις ὁ νέος
Through her I shall have glory among crowds, and honor from elders, though I am young.
The expected fruits of wisdom now become public and political: she confers honor even before age would naturally warrant it.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἕξωhaveVF FAI1S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δι'because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δόξανglory, honorN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory, honor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄχλοιςcrowdsN2 DPM · ὄχλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄχλος: meaning 'crowds'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιμὴνa priceN1 ASF · τιμήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτιμή: meaning 'a price'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρεσβυτέροιςto eldersN2 DPM · πρεσβύτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'to elders'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νέοςyoungA1A NSM · νέοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνέος: meaning 'young'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
ὀξὺς εὑρεθήσομαι ἐν κρίσει καὶ ἐν ὄψει δυναστῶν θαυμασθήσομαι
I shall be found keen in judgment, and in the sight of rulers I shall be admired.
Judicial acuity and admiration among rulers show wisdom as a source of competent public presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὀξὺςswiftA3U NSM · ὀξύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀξύς: meaning 'swift'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὑρεθήσομαιI shall be foundVC FPI1S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'I shall be found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄψειὄψιςN3I DSF · ὄψιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄψις: meaning 'ὄψις'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δυναστῶνrulerN1M GPM · δυνάστηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδυνάστης: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θαυμασθήσομαιI shall be admiredVC FPI1S · θαυμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθαυμάζω: meaning 'I shall be admired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
σιγῶντά με περιμενοῦσιν καὶ φθεγγομένῳ προσέξουσιν καὶ λαλοῦντος ἐπὶ πλεῖον χεῖρα ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπὶ στόμα αὐτῶν
When I am silent, they will wait for me; and when I speak, they will pay attention; and when I speak at greater length, they will lay a hand upon their mouth.
The picture sharpens into courtroom and assembly scenes where wisdom gives speech a gravity that commands attention and restraint.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
σιγῶντάbeing silentV3 · παπασμ σιγάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ σιγάω: meaning 'being silent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περιμενοῦσινthey will wait forVF2 FAI3P · μένω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμένω + περι: meaning 'they will wait for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φθεγγομένῳto one speakingV1 · πμπδσμ φθέγγομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδσμ φθέγγομαι: meaning 'to one speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσέξουσινthey will pay attentionVF FAI3P · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔχω + προς: meaning 'they will pay attention'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλοῦντοςspeakingV2 · παπγσμ λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ λαλέω: meaning 'speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλεῖονmore at lengthA3C ASF · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'more at length'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιθήσουσινthey will placeVF FAI3P · τίθημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'they will place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ἕξω δι' αὐτὴν ἀθανασίαν καὶ μνήμην αἰώνιον τοῖς μετ' ἐμὲ ἀπολείψω
Through her I shall have immortality and leave an everlasting memory to those after me.
Beyond present honor, wisdom secures immortal remembrance that outlasts the speaker's own lifetime.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἕξωhaveVF FAI1S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δι'because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀθανασίανimmortalityN1A ASF · ἀθανασίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθανασία: meaning 'immortality'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνήμηνmemoryN1 ASF · μνήμηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμνήμη: meaning 'memory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰώνιονeverlastingA1B ASF · αἰώνιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰώνιος: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπολείψωI shall leave behindVF FAI1S · λείπω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἀπο: meaning 'I shall leave behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
διοικήσω λαούς καὶ ἔθνη ὑποταγήσεταί μοι
I shall govern peoples, and nations will be subjected to me.
Political rule itself is imagined as flowing from wisdom's companionship.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
διοικήσωI shall governVF FAI1S · οἰκέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκέω + δια: meaning 'I shall govern'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαούςpeoplesN2 APM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑποταγήσεταίwill be subjectedVD FPI3S · τάσσω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτάσσω + ὑπο: meaning 'will be subjected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιfrom meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'from me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
φοβηθήσονταί με ἀκούσαντες τύραννοι φρικτοί ἐν πλήθει φανοῦμαι ἀγαθὸς καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ ἀνδρεῖος
When they hear of me, dread tyrants will be afraid; in the multitude I shall appear good, and in war courageous.
Wisdom yields both feared authority and visible excellence in peace and war alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
φοβηθήσονταίthey will fearVC FPI3P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφοβέω: meaning 'they will fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀκούσαντεςhearingVA · ααπνπμ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἀκούω: meaning 'hearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τύραννοιlocal chiefN2 NPM · τύραννοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτύραννος: meaning 'local chief'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρικτοίdreadA1 NPM · φρικτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρικτός: meaning 'dread'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλήθειπλῆθοςN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'πλῆθος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φανοῦμαιI shall appearVF2 FMI1S · φαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφαίνω: meaning 'I shall appear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολέμῳbattleN2 DSM · πόλεμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόλεμος: meaning 'battle'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνδρεῖοςboldA1A NSM · ἀνδρεῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'bold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου προσαναπαύσομαι αὐτῇ οὐ γὰρ ἔχει πικρίαν ἡ συναναστροφὴ αὐτῆς οὐδὲ ὀδύνην ἡ συμβίωσις αὐτῆς ἀλλὰ εὐφροσύνην καὶ χαράν
When I enter my house, I shall find rest with her; for her companionship has no bitterness, nor does life with her have pain, but gladness and joy.
The public gains are balanced by a domestic image: life with wisdom is free of bitterness and marked by restful joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
εἰσελθὼνhaving enteredVB · ααπνσμ ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'having entered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκόνhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσαναπαύσομαιI shall find restVF FMI1S · παύω + προς + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαύω + προς + ἀνα: meaning 'I shall find rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχειhasV1 PAI3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'has'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πικρίανbitternessN1A ASF · πικρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπικρία: meaning 'bitterness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναναστροφὴcompanionshipN1 NSF · συναναστροφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυναναστροφή: meaning 'companionship'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀδύνηνpain / griefN1 ASF · ὀδύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀδύνη: meaning 'pain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμβίωσιςlife withN3I NSF · συμβίωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυμβίωσις: meaning 'life with'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφροσύνηνgladnessN1 ASF · εὐφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαράνjoyN1A ASF · χαράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχαρά: meaning 'joy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
17
ταῦτα λογισάμενος ἐν ἐμαυτῷ καὶ φροντίσας ἐν καρδίᾳ μου ὅτι ἀθανασία ἐστὶν ἐν συγγενείᾳ σοφίας
Reflecting on these things within myself, and pondering in my heart that immortality is in kinship with wisdom,
The meditation pauses to gather its claims and to identify immortality as bound up with kinship to wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λογισάμενοςconsideringVA · αμπνσμ λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ λογίζομαι: meaning 'considering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμαυτῷ: meaning 'for myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φροντίσαςponderingVA · ααπνσμ φροντίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ φροντίζω: meaning 'pondering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀθανασίαimmortalityN1A NSF · ἀθανασίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀθανασία: meaning 'immortality'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συγγενείᾳkinshipN1A DSF · συγγένειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυγγένεια: meaning 'kinship'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
καὶ ἐν φιλίᾳ αὐτῆς τέρψις ἀγαθὴ καὶ ἐν πόνοις χειρῶν αὐτῆς πλοῦτος ἀνεκλιπὴς καὶ ἐν συγγυμνασίᾳ ὁμιλίας αὐτῆς φρόνησις καὶ εὔκλεια ἐν κοινωνίᾳ λόγων αὐτῆς περιῄειν ζητῶν ὅπως λάβω αὐτὴν εἰς ἐμαυτόν
and that in her friendship there is good delight, and in the labors of her hands inexhaustible wealth, and in training together with her conversation prudence, and in fellowship with her words renown, I went about seeking how I might take her to myself.
Friendship, labor, discipline, and conversation with wisdom are each named as sources of delight, wealth, prudence, and renown.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φιλίᾳaffectionN1A DSF · φιλίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφιλία: meaning 'affection'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τέρψιςdelightN3I NSF · τέρψιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέρψις: meaning 'delight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθὴgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόνοιςpainN2 DPM · πόνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόνος: meaning 'pain'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χειρῶνhandN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνεκλιπὴςinexhaustibleA3H NSM · ἀνεκλιπήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνεκλιπής: meaning 'inexhaustible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συγγυμνασίᾳtraining togetherN1A DSF · συγγυμνασίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυγγυμνασία: meaning 'training together'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁμιλίαςconversationN1A GSF · ὁμιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁμιλία: meaning 'conversation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φρόνησιςφρόνησιςN3I NSF · φρόνησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνησις: meaning 'φρόνησις'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὔκλειαrenownN1A NSF · εὔκλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὔκλεια: meaning 'renown'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοινωνίᾳfellowshipN1A DSF · κοινωνίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκοινωνία: meaning 'fellowship'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λόγωνwordsN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περιῄεινI went aboutV7 IAI1S · ἵημι + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵημι + περι: meaning 'I went about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζητῶνseekingV2 · παπνσμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάβωtakeVB AAS1S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμαυτόνhimRD ASM · ἐμαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμαυτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
παῖς δὲ ἤμην εὐφυὴς ψυχῆς τε ἔλαχον ἀγαθῆς
Now I was a gifted child, and I obtained a good soul,
The speaker reflects on his own native gifts, beginning with a favorable natural endowment.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
παῖςservantN3D NSM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤμηνεἰμίV9 IAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐφυὴςskillfulA3H NSM · εὐφυήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐφυής: meaning 'skillful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαχονI obtainedVBI AAI1S · λαγχάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαγχάνω: meaning 'I obtained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθῆςnobleA1 GSF · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'noble'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
μᾶλλον δὲ ἀγαθὸς ὢν ἦλθον εἰς σῶμα ἀμίαντον
or rather, being good, I came into an undefiled body.
Even this autobiographical claim is corrected and refined, preventing the chapter from resting in self-congratulation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μᾶλλονmoreD · μᾶλλονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμᾶλλον: meaning 'more'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἦλθονcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀμίαντονundefiledA1B ASN · ἀμίαντοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμίαντος: meaning 'undefiled'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
21
γνοὺς δὲ ὅτι οὐκ ἄλλως ἔσομαι ἐγκρατής ἐὰν μὴ ὁ θεὸς δῷ καὶ τοῦτο δ' ἦν φρονήσεως τὸ εἰδέναι τίνος ἡ χάρις ἐνέτυχον τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἐδεήθην αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπον ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας μου
But knowing that I would not otherwise be self-controlled unless God gave it, and that this itself was a mark of understanding, to know whose gift it was, I approached the Lord and begged him, and said from my whole heart:
The chapter ends by confessing dependence on God's gift for self-mastery and by turning from meditation into prayer.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
γνοὺςgignoskoVZ · ααπνσμ γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ γιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄλλωςotherwiseD · ἄλλωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄλλως: meaning 'otherwise'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσομαιbeVF FMI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγκρατήςself-controlledA3H NSM · ἐγκρατήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐγκρατής: meaning 'self-controlled'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δῷshe may giveVO AAS3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'she may give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δ'but / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνthere wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'there was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φρονήσεωςφρονήσεωςN3I GSF · φρόνησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'φρονήσεως'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδέναιto knowVX XAN · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἶδα: meaning 'to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίνοςwho? / what?RI GSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτίνος: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χάριςgraceN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: meaning 'grace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνέτυχονI approachedVBI AAI1S · τυγχάνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτυγχάνω + ἐν: meaning 'I approached'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδεήθηνI beggedVCI API1S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδέω: meaning 'I begged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονI saidVBI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὅληςwholeA1 GSF · ὅλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.