1
καὶ ἐπέστρεψα καὶ ἦρα τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ τέσσαρα ἅρματα ἐκπορευόμενα ἐκ μέσου δύο ὀρέων καὶ τὰ ὄρη ἦν ὄρη χαλκᾶ
And I turned back and lifted my eyes and saw, and behold, four chariots coming out from between two mountains, and the mountains were mountains of bronze.
The final night-vision begins with the same lifted-eye formula as earlier scenes. The bronze mountains frame the chariots as agents issuing from a fixed heavenly threshold.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἐπέστρεψαI turned backVAI AAI1S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clauseστρέφω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'I turned back' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἦραI liftedVAI AAI1S · αἴρωmain verbal form advancing the clauseαἴρω: verbal lexeme rendered 'I lifted' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὀφθαλμούςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'eyes' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element qualifying a related head termἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'my' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI3P · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clauseὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'I saw' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or attention marker heightening the clauseἰδού: discourse marker rendered 'behold' here, drawing attention to the vision or heightening the prophetic utterance.
τέσσαραfourA3 APN · τέσσαρεςnumeral or quantifying expression within the phraseτέσσαρες: lexical item rendered 'four' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἅρματαchariotsN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative element functioning as object or complementἅρμα: 'chariot'; in prophetic vision the chariots function as commissioned agents of divine oversight moving out across the earth.
ἐκπορευόμεναcoming outV1 · πμπαπν πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπμπαπν πορεύομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'coming out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phraseἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
μέσουbetweenA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termμέσος: lexical item rendered 'between' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
δύοtwoM · δύοnumeral or quantifying expression within the phraseδύο: lexical item rendered 'two' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ὀρέωνmountainsN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive element qualifying a related head termὄρος: lexical item rendered 'mountains' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὄρηmountainsN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative element functioning in the clause coreὄρος: lexical item rendered 'mountains' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἦνwereV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'were' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ὄρηmountainsN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative element functioning in the clause coreὄρος: lexical item rendered 'mountains' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
χαλκᾶbronzeA1C NPN · χαλκοῦςnominative element functioning in the clause coreχαλκοῦς: 'bronze'; the bronze mountains suggest durability, majesty, and a fixed heavenly gateway from which the chariots emerge.
2
ἐν τῷ ἅρματι τῷ πρώτῳ ἵπποι πυρροί καὶ ἐν τῷ ἅρματι τῷ δευτέρῳ ἵπποι μέλανες
In the first chariot were red horses, and in the second chariot black horses,
The prophet begins listing the teams by color and order. The measured sequence prepares for the angel’s later geographic interpretation.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῷby theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἅρματιchariotN3M DSN · ἅρμαdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceἅρμα: lexical item rendered 'chariot' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τῷby theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πρώτῳfirstA1 DSNS · πρῶτοςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceπρῶτος: lexical item rendered 'first' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἵπποιhorsesN2 NPM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἵππος: lexical item rendered 'horses' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
πυρροίredA1A NPM · πυρρόςnominative element functioning in the clause coreπυρρός: lexical item rendered 'red' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῷby theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἅρματιchariotN3M DSN · ἅρμαdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceἅρμα: lexical item rendered 'chariot' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τῷby theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
δευτέρῳsecondA1A DSN · δεύτεροςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceδεύτερος: lexical item rendered 'second' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἵπποιhorsesN2 NPM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἵππος: lexical item rendered 'horses' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
μέλανεςblackA3 NPM · μέλαςnominative element functioning in the clause coreμέλας: lexical item rendered 'black' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
3
καὶ ἐν τῷ ἅρματι τῷ τρίτῳ ἵπποι λευκοί καὶ ἐν τῷ ἅρματι τῷ τετάρτῳ ἵπποι ποικίλοι ψαροί
and in the third chariot white horses, and in the fourth chariot dappled gray horses.
The third and fourth chariots complete the set. Varied horse colors suggest differentiated missions within one coordinated heavenly patrol.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῷby theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἅρματιchariotN3M DSN · ἅρμαdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceἅρμα: lexical item rendered 'chariot' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τῷby theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τρίτῳthirdA1 DSM · τρίτοςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceτρίτος: lexical item rendered 'third' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἵπποιhorsesN2 NPM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἵππος: lexical item rendered 'horses' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
λευκοίwhiteA1 NPM · λευκόςnominative element functioning in the clause coreλευκός: lexical item rendered 'white' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῷby theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἅρματιchariotN3M DSN · ἅρμαdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceἅρμα: lexical item rendered 'chariot' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τῷby theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τετάρτῳfourthA1 DSN · τέταρτοςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceτέταρτος: lexical item rendered 'fourth' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἵπποιhorsesN2 NPM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἵππος: lexical item rendered 'horses' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ποικίλοιdappledA1 NPM · ποικίλοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreποικίλος: lexical item rendered 'dappled' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ψαροίgrayA1A NPM · ψαρόςnominative element functioning in the clause coreψαρός: lexical item rendered 'gray' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
4
καὶ ἀπεκρίθην καὶ εἶπα πρὸς τὸν ἄγγελον τὸν λαλοῦντα ἐν ἐμοί τί ἐστιν ταῦτα κύριε
And I answered and said to the angel who was speaking in me, 'What are these, my lord?'
As in the earlier visions, Zechariah asks the interpreting angel for clarification. The question turns spectacle into revelation.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἀπεκρίθηνI answeredVCI API1S · κρίνω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clauseκρίνω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'I answered' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'I said' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'to' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἄγγελονangelN2 ASM · ἄγγελοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἄγγελος: lexical item rendered 'angel' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λαλοῦνταspeakingV2 · παπασμ λαλέωmain verbal form advancing the clauseπαπασμ λαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'speaking' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
ἐμοίin meRP DS · ἐγώdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'in me' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τίwhatRI NPN · τίςnominative element functioning in the clause coreτίς: pronominal form rendered 'what' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'is' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreοὗτος: pronominal form rendered 'these' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
κύριεmy lordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative form marking direct addressκύριος: lexical item rendered 'my lord' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
5
καὶ ἀπεκρίθη ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ λαλῶν ἐν ἐμοὶ καὶ εἶπεν ταῦτά ἐστιν οἱ τέσσαρες ἄνεμοι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐκπορεύονται παραστῆναι τῷ κυρίῳ πάσης τῆς γῆς
And the angel who was speaking in me answered and said, 'These are the four winds of heaven; they go out to stand before the Lord of all the earth.'
The chariots are identified as the four winds or spirits of heaven serving before the Lord of all the earth. Their authority is derived from divine commission rather than independent force.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clauseκρίνω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'answered' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἄγγελοςangelN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἄγγελος: lexical item rendered 'angel' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λαλῶνspeakingV2 · παπνσμ λαλέωmain verbal form advancing the clauseπαπνσμ λαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'speaking' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
ἐμοὶin meRP DS · ἐγώdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'in me' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
εἶπενhe saidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'he said' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ταῦτάtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreοὗτος: pronominal form rendered 'these' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'is' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τέσσαρεςfourA3 NPM · τέσσαρεςnumeral or quantifying expression within the phraseτέσσαρες: lexical item rendered 'four' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἄνεμοιwindsN2 NPM · ἄνεμοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἄνεμοι: 'winds' or 'spirits'; the term can hold both meteorological and spiritual force, fitting the heavenly emissaries that stand before the Lord.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οὐρανοῦskyN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'sky' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἐκπορεύονταιgo outV1 PMI3P · πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπορεύομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'go out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
παραστῆναιto stand beforeVH AAN · ἵστημι + παραmain verbal form advancing the clauseἵστημι + παρα: verbal lexeme rendered 'to stand before' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τῷby theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κυρίῳthe LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
πάσηςof allA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'of all' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element qualifying a related head termγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
6
ἐν ᾧ ἦσαν οἱ ἵπποι οἱ μέλανες ἐξεπορεύοντο ἐπὶ γῆν βορρᾶ καὶ οἱ λευκοὶ ἐξεπορεύοντο κατόπισθεν αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ ποικίλοι ἐξεπορεύοντο ἐπὶ γῆν νότου
In the one where the black horses were, they were going out to the land of the north, and the white ones went out after them, and the dappled ones went out to the land of the south.
The angel assigns the teams to directional missions. The north receives special emphasis, while the south is also named as part of the Lord’s governance of the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
ᾧwhereRR DSN · ὅςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceὅς: pronominal form rendered 'where' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'were' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἵπποιhorsesN2 NPM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἵππος: lexical item rendered 'horses' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μέλανεςblackA3 NPM · μέλαςnominative element functioning in the clause coreμέλας: lexical item rendered 'black' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἐξεπορεύοντοwere going outV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπορεύομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'were going out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or complementγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termβορρᾶς: 'north'; in prophetic geography the north often names the quarter from which imperial threat and divine judgment are experienced.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λευκοὶwhiteA1 NPM · λευκόςnominative element functioning in the clause coreλευκός: lexical item rendered 'white' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἐξεπορεύοντοwere going outV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπορεύομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'were going out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
κατόπισθενafterD · κατόπισθενpreposition governing its complement phraseκατόπισθεν: preposition rendered 'after' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'their' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ποικίλοιdappledA1 NPM · ποικίλοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreποικίλος: lexical item rendered 'dappled' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἐξεπορεύοντοwere going outV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπορεύομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'were going out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or complementγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
νότουsouthN2 GSM · νότοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termνότος: lexical item rendered 'south' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
7
καὶ οἱ ψαροὶ ἐξεπορεύοντο καὶ ἐπέβλεπον τοῦ πορεύεσθαι τοῦ περιοδεῦσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ εἶπεν πορεύεσθε καὶ περιοδεύσατε τὴν γῆν καὶ περιώδευσαν τὴν γῆν
And the gray ones went out and were eager to go, to patrol the earth. And he said, 'Go, patrol the earth,' and they patrolled the earth.
The final team desires movement and receives explicit permission to patrol. Their obedience dramatizes the readiness of heaven’s agents to range through the earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ψαροὶgrayA1A NPM · ψαρόςnominative element functioning in the clause coreψαρός: lexical item rendered 'gray' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἐξεπορεύοντοwere going outV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπορεύομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'were going out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἐπέβλεπονwere eagerV1I IAI3P · βλέπω + ἐπιparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceβλέπω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'were eager' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πορεύεσθαιto goV1 PMN · πορεύομαιparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπορεύομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'to go' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
περιοδεῦσαιto patrolVA AAN · ὁδεύω + περιinfinitive expressing action, purpose, or resultὁδεύω + περι: verbal lexeme rendered 'to patrol' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or complementγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
εἶπενhe saidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'he said' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
πορεύεσθεgoV1 PMD2P · πορεύομαιparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπορεύομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'go' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
περιοδεύσατεpatrolVA AAD2P · ὁδεύω + περιmain verbal form advancing the clauseὁδεύω + περι: verbal lexeme rendered 'patrol' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or complementγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
περιώδευσανthey patrolledVAI AAI3P · ὁδεύω + περιmain verbal form advancing the clauseὁδεύω + περι: verbal lexeme rendered 'they patrolled' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or complementγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
8
καὶ ἀνεβόησεν καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρός με λέγων ἰδοὺ οἱ ἐκπορευόμενοι ἐπὶ γῆν βορρᾶ ἀνέπαυσαν τὸν θυμόν μου ἐν γῇ βορρᾶ
And he cried out and spoke to me, saying, 'Behold, those going out to the land of the north have given rest to my wrath in the land of the north.'
The northern mission is singled out as having settled the Lord’s wrath. The vision closes with judgment brought to rest through accomplished divine oversight.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἀνεβόησενhe cried outVAI AAI3S · βοάω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clauseβοάω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'he cried out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωmain verbal form advancing the clauseλαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'spoke' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'to' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'me' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'saying' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or attention marker heightening the clauseἰδού: discourse marker rendered 'behold' here, drawing attention to the vision or heightening the prophetic utterance.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐκπορευόμενοιgoing outV1 · πμπνπμ πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπμπνπμ πορεύομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'going out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or complementγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termβορρᾶς: 'north'; in prophetic geography the north often names the quarter from which imperial threat and divine judgment are experienced.
ἀνέπαυσανhave given restVAI AAI3P · παύω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clauseπαύω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'have given rest' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θυμόνwrathN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθυμός: lexical item rendered 'wrath' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element qualifying a related head termἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'my' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termβορρᾶς: 'north'; in prophetic geography the north often names the quarter from which imperial threat and divine judgment are experienced.
9
καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων
And the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
The narrative shifts from night-vision to direct prophetic word. A new symbolic act will now embody the promise in historical space.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἐγένετοcame to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'came to pass' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreλόγος: lexical item rendered 'word' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' here, marking divine ownership or relation within the immediate prophetic clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'to' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'me' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'saying' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
10
λαβὲ τὰ ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας παρὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων καὶ παρὰ τῶν χρησίμων αὐτῆς καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἐπεγνωκότων αὐτὴν καὶ εἰσελεύσῃ σὺ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ εἰς τὸν οἶκον Ιωσιου τοῦ Σοφονιου τοῦ ἥκοντος ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος
'Take from the captivity, from the rulers and from its useful men and from those who have known it; and you yourself shall enter on that day into the house of Josiah son of Zephaniah, those who have come from Babylon,
Zechariah is told to gather contributions from returned exiles at Josiah’s house. The named donors anchor the sign-act in the post-exilic community.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
λαβὲtakeVB AAD2S · λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'take' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phraseἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαgenitive element qualifying a related head termαἰχμαλωσία: lexical item rendered 'captivity' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phraseπαρά: preposition rendered 'from' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἀρχόντωνrulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive element qualifying a related head termἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'rulers' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phraseπαρά: preposition rendered 'from' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
χρησίμωνuseful menA1 GPM · χρήσιμοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termχρήσιμος: lexical item rendered 'useful men' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'its' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phraseπαρά: preposition rendered 'from' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐπεγνωκότωνthose who have knownVX · χαπγπμ γιγνώσκω + ἐπιparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceχαπγπμ γιγνώσκω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'those who have known' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'her' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
εἰσελεύσῃyou shall enterVF FMI2S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clauseἔρχομαι + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'you shall enter' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnominative element functioning in the clause coreσύ: pronominal form rendered 'you' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered 'that' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ΙωσιουJosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσείαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termΙωσείας: lexical item rendered 'Josiah' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΣοφονιουZephaniahN1T GSM · Σοφονίαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termΣοφονίας: lexical item rendered 'Zephaniah' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἥκοντοςhaving comeV1 · παπγσμ ἥκωparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπαπγσμ ἥκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'having come' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phraseἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive element qualifying a related head termΒαβυλών: 'Babylon'; the land becomes the prepared destination where wickedness is relocated and given its own house away from restored Judah.
11
καὶ λήψῃ ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον καὶ ποιήσεις στεφάνους καὶ ἐπιθήσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ιωσεδεκ τοῦ ἱερέως τοῦ μεγάλου
and you shall take silver and gold and make crowns, and you shall place them on the head of Jesus son of Josedek, the great priest,
Silver and gold are to be turned into crowns and placed on Joshua the high priest. The act is deliberately symbolic, stretching priestly identity toward a larger messianic hope.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
λήψῃyou shall takeVF FMI2S · λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'you shall take' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀργύριον: lexical item rendered 'silver' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative element functioning as object or complementχρυσίον: lexical item rendered 'gold' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeVF FAI2S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'you shall make' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
στεφάνουςcrownsN2 APM · στέφανοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementστέφανος: 'crown' or 'wreath'; the plural crowns form a symbolic investiture pointing beyond Joshua to the promised builder figure.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall placeVF FAI2S · τίθημι + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clauseτίθημι + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'you shall place' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object or complementκεφαλή: lexical item rendered 'head' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἸησοῦJesusN GSM · Ἰησοῦςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἸησοῦς: lexical item rendered 'Jesus' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΙωσεδεκJosedekN GSM · Ιωσεδεκnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseΙωσεδεκ: lexical item rendered 'Josedek' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἱερέωςpriestN3V GSM · ἱερεύςgenitive element qualifying a related head termἱερεύς: lexical item rendered 'priest' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
12
καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτόν τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἰδοὺ ἀνήρ Ἀνατολὴ ὄνομα αὐτῷ καὶ ὑποκάτωθεν αὐτοῦ ἀνατελεῖ καὶ οἰκοδομήσει τὸν οἶκον κυρίου
and you shall say to him: Thus says the Lord Almighty, Behold, a man, Anatole is his name, and from beneath him he shall rise, and he shall build the house of the Lord.
The sign is interpreted by an address about the man called Anatole, the rising branch. The promised figure will arise and build the Lord’s house.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἐρεῖςyou shall sayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'you shall say' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'to' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'him' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
τάδεthusRD APN · ὅδεaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅδε: lexical item rendered 'thus' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'says' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning in the clause coreπαντοκράτωρ: lexical item rendered 'Almighty' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or attention marker heightening the clauseἰδού: discourse marker rendered 'behold' here, drawing attention to the vision or heightening the prophetic utterance.
ἀνήρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning in the clause coreἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'man' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἈνατολὴAnatoleN1 NSF · Ἀνατολήnominative element functioning in the clause coreἀνατολή: 'rising', 'shoot', or here a name rendered Anatole; the word carries messianic overtones of sprouting and dawning restoration.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning in the clause coreὄνομα: lexical item rendered 'name' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
αὐτῷfor itRD DSM · αὐτόςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'for it' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ὑποκάτωθενfrom beneathP · ὑποκάτωθενpreposition governing its complement phraseὑποκάτωθεν: preposition rendered 'from beneath' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
ἀνατελεῖshall riseVF2 FAI3S · τέλλω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clauseτέλλω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall rise' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
οἰκοδομήσειshall buildVF FAI3S · οἰκοδομέωmain verbal form advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall build' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' here, marking divine ownership or relation within the immediate prophetic clause.
13
καὶ αὐτὸς λήμψεται ἀρετὴν καὶ καθίεται καὶ κατάρξει ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσται ὁ ἱερεὺς ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ βουλὴ εἰρηνικὴ ἔσται ἀνὰ μέσον ἀμφοτέρων
And he himself shall receive excellence, and he shall sit and rule upon his throne, and the priest shall be at his right hand, and peaceful counsel shall be between them both.
The coming builder bears honor, sits enthroned, and rules, while priestly presence remains at his right hand. The result is peaceful counsel rather than rivalry.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςnominative element functioning in the clause coreαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'he himself' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
λήμψεταιshall receiveVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall receive' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἀρετὴνexcellenceN1 ASF · ἀρετήaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀρετή: 'excellence', 'honor', or 'glory'; here it marks the dignity borne by the coming ruler-builder.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
καθίεταιshall sitV1 PMI3S · ἵζω + καταparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceἵζω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall sit' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
κατάρξειshall ruleVF FAI3S · ἄρχω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clauseἄρχω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall rule' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termθρόνος: lexical item rendered 'throne' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἔσταιshall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall be' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἱερεύς: lexical item rendered 'priest' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phraseἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
δεξιῶνright handA1A GPN · δεξιόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termδεξιός: lexical item rendered 'right hand' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning in the clause coreβουλή: 'counsel' or deliberate plan; coupled with 'peaceful' it describes concord rather than rivalry in the ordered rule envisioned here.
εἰρηνικὴpeacefulA1 NSF · εἰρηνικόςnominative element functioning in the clause coreεἰρηνικός: lexical item rendered 'peaceful' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἔσταιshall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall be' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phraseἀνά: preposition rendered 'between' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
μέσονmiddleA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementμέσος: lexical item rendered 'middle' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἀμφοτέρωνbothA1A GPM · ἀμφότεροιgenitive element qualifying a related head termἀμφότεροι: lexical item rendered 'both' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
14
ὁ δὲ στέφανος ἔσται τοῖς ὑπομένουσιν καὶ τοῖς χρησίμοις αὐτῆς καὶ τοῖς ἐπεγνωκόσιν αὐτὴν καὶ εἰς χάριτα υἱοῦ Σοφονιου καὶ εἰς ψαλμὸν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου
And the crown shall belong to those who endure, and to its useful men, and to those who have understood it, and as a grace to the son of Zephaniah, and as a psalm in the house of the Lord.
The crowns remain in the temple as memorial and grace associated with the donors and house of Zephaniah. The sign-act is meant to be remembered liturgically and communally.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
δὲandX · δέconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsδέ: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
στέφανοςcrownN2 NSM · στέφανοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreστέφανος: lexical item rendered 'crown' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἔσταιshall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall be' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὑπομένουσινthose who endureV1 · παπδπμ μένω + ὑποparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπαπδπμ μένω + ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'those who endure' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
χρησίμοιςuseful menA1 DPM · χρήσιμοςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceχρήσιμος: lexical item rendered 'useful men' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'its' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐπεγνωκόσινthose who have understoodVX · χαπδπμ γιγνώσκω + ἐπιparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceχαπδπμ γιγνώσκω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'those who have understood' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'her' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
χάριταgraceN3T ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object or complementχάρις: lexical item rendered 'grace' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termυἱός: lexical item rendered 'son' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ΣοφονιουZephaniahN1T GSM · Σοφονίαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termΣοφονίας: lexical item rendered 'Zephaniah' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
ψαλμὸνpsalmN2 ASM · ψαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementψαλμός: ordinarily 'psalm'; in this difficult verse the LXX wording gives the memorial an overtly liturgical or commemorative coloring within the Lord's house.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' here, marking divine ownership or relation within the immediate prophetic clause.
15
καὶ οἱ μακρὰν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἥξουσιν καὶ οἰκοδομήσουσιν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ κυρίου καὶ γνώσεσθε διότι κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἀπέσταλκέν με πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν εἰσακούοντες εἰσακούσητε τῆς φωνῆς κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ὑμῶν
And those far from them shall come and shall build in the house of the Lord, and you shall know that the Lord Almighty has sent me to you; and this shall be so if you truly listen to the voice of the Lord your God.'
Distant people are promised a role in building the Lord’s house, and the prophet’s mission will thereby be vindicated. The closing condition recalls that restoration is enjoyed in the path of obedient hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μακρὰνfar awayD · μακράνadverbial modifier of the clauseμακράν: lexical item rendered 'far away' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phraseἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'their' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
ἥξουσινshall comeVF FAI3P · ἥκωmain verbal form advancing the clauseἥκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall come' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
οἰκοδομήσουσινshall buildVF FAI3P · οἰκοδομέωmain verbal form advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall build' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
τῷby theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative element functioning as complement, means, or referenceοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' here, marking divine ownership or relation within the immediate prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
γνώσεσθεyou shall knowVF FMI2P · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form advancing the clauseγιγνώσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'you shall know' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
διότιforC · διότιconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsδιότι: connective rendered 'for' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning in the clause coreπαντοκράτωρ: lexical item rendered 'Almighty' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ἀπέσταλκένhas sentVX XAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clauseστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'has sent' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'me' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'to' here, governing its complement and locating the action or relation within the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύaccusative element functioning as object or complementσύ: pronominal form rendered 'you' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zechariah's vision report or oracle.
ἔσταιshall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall be' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἐάν: lexical item rendered 'if' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
εἰσακούοντεςtruly listeningV1 · παπνπμ ἀκούω + εἰςparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceπαπνπμ ἀκούω + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'truly listening' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
εἰσακούσητεyou listenVA AAS2P · ἀκούω + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clauseἀκούω + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'you listen' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive element qualifying a related head termφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' here, marking divine ownership or relation within the immediate prophetic clause.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' here and interpreted according to its local syntactic and prophetic role in this chapter.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύgenitive element qualifying a related head termσύ: pronominal form rendered 'your' here, with its reference determined by the immediate prophetic context.